原油中的正构烷烃类在海沙和海水中风化的模拟实验

通过自然条件下沙表层和水面溢油的模拟风化实验,采用GC-MS作为检测器,研究原油中的正构烷烃在厦门地区的风化规律.结果表明,在一个月的风化模拟实验中,两种不同介质溢油风化均明显体现轻组分的正构烷烃丢失现象,且正构烷烃组分在水面溢油的风化速率低于沙表层溢油速率1～2个碳数.沙上模拟实验后期APr/APh比值明显受到风化影响,诊断比值不适用于油源鉴别.诊断比值An-C17/APr、An-C18/APh在短期风化过程中受风化影响小.水面溢油模拟实验结束后发现水体中n-C13-n-C29的正构烷烃组分含量升高2.9%～327.4%.     

地磁日变测量系统便携化方案研究

分析目前海洋磁力测量时,采用G88X系列海洋磁力仪的地磁日变测量系统存在功耗高、体积大、质量重等问题。通过对磁力仪、电缆、数据采集计算机、UPS等各个部件的改装、改造、替换构思,提出一套完整的便携化方案,使整套系统的功耗、体积、质量均显著降低,从而实现系统便携化。     

Screening of marine fungus from Nanji Island and activity of their metabolites against pathogenic Vibrio from Pseudosciaena crocea

Seventy-eight marine fungal strains were isolated from sediment samples collected off the coast of Nanji Island,Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province,China.Antibacterial screening using the agar disc method showed that 19 of the isolated strains could inhibit at least one pathogenic Vibrio from Pseudosciaena crocea.Subsequent screening confirmed that nine strains produced antibacterial metabolites that had activity against one or several types of pathogenic Vibrio.Strain NJ0104 had the widest antimicrobial spectrum and strong activity,particularly against Vibrio parahaemolyticus-MM0810072.A preliminary study of NJ0104 antibacterial metabolites demonstrated that they had thermal stability up to 80°C,ultraviolet stability up to 40 min and pH stability between 4.0-7.0.In addition,the antibacterial metabolites were readily soluble in butanol.To identify the specific strain,the ITS-5.8S rDNA regions of NJ0104 were PCR amplified and sequenced.Based on the combination of phenotypic and genotypic data,the strain was identified as Arthrinium sp.     

高盐分海洋沉积物样品洗盐预处理方法的研究

选取不同沉积类型海洋沉积物通过3步洗盐法和连续洗盐法进行探索实验。结果表明,3步洗盐法不适用于海洋沉积物洗盐,原因在于第2步洗盐时上清液出现水溶胶,而胶体中元素在总沉积物中占一定比例。若弃去胶体,势必会对后续测定工作产生负误差。分析3步洗盐上清液中Na的质量分数,表明一步洗盐便可达到洗盐要求,且最佳浸泡洗盐时间为30h。     

Diversity and bioactivity of actinomycetes from marine sediments of the Yellow Sea

Among the 116 actinomycetes collected from marine sediments of the Yellow Sea,56 grew slowly and appeared after 2?3 weeks of incubation.Among the 56 strains,only 3 required seawater(SW) for growth,and 21 grew well in the medium prepared with SW rather than distilled water(DW),while the remaining 32 grew well either with SW or with DW.Six representatives with different morphological characteristics,including 1 SW-requiring strain and 5 well-growing with SW strains,were selected for phy-logenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene.Two strains belong to Micrococcaceae and Nocardiopsaceae respectively.The other 4 strains belong to the family of Streptomycetaceae.In the analyzed 6 strains,one was related to Nocardiopsis spp.and the other three were related to Streptomyces spp.,representing new taxa.Bioactivity testing of fermentation products from 3 SW-requiring strains and 21 well-growing with SW strains revealed that 17 strains possessed remarkable activities against gram-positive pathogen or/and tumor cells,suggesting that they were prolific resources for natural drug discovery.     

Bromophenols from marine algae with potential anti-diabetic activities

Marine algae contain various bromophenols with a variety of biological activities,including antimicrobial,anticancer,and anti-diabetic effects.Here,we briefly review the recent progress in researches on the biomaterials from marine algae,emphasizing the relationship between the structure and the potential anti-diabetic applications.Bromophenols from marine algae display their hyperglycemic effects by inhibiting the activities of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B,α-glucosidase,as well as other mechanisms.     

Design and implementation of a 3D ocean virtual reality and visualization engine

In this study,a 3D virtual reality and visualization engine for rendering the ocean,named VV-Ocean,is designed for marine applications.The design goals of VV-Ocean aim at high fidelity simulation of ocean environment,visualization of massive and multidimensional marine data,and imitation of marine lives.VV-Ocean is composed of five modules,i.e.memory management module,resources management module,scene management module,rendering process management module and interaction management module.There are three core functions in VV-Ocean:reconstructing vivid virtual ocean scenes,visualizing real data dynamically in real time,imitating and simulating marine lives intuitively.Based on VV-Ocean,we establish a sea-land integration platform which can reproduce drifting and diffusion processes of oil spilling from sea bottom to surface.Environment factors such as ocean current and wind field have been considered in this simulation.On this platform oil spilling process can be abstracted as movements of abundant oil particles.The result shows that oil particles blend with water well and the platform meets the requirement for real-time and interactive rendering.VV-Ocean can be widely used in ocean applications such as demonstrating marine operations,facilitating maritime communications,developing ocean games,reducing marine hazards,forecasting the weather over oceans,serving marine tourism,and so on.Finally,further technological improvements of VV-Ocean are discussed.     

Lignin in marine environment and its analysis—A review

Lignin is a group of phenolic polymers which is abundant in the woody tissues of vascular plants,and is essentially absent from all other living organisms.It has therefore been accepted as a tracer for terrestrial organic carbon(TOC) in marine environment since the 1970s.Lignin polymers are not amenable to direct chemical analysis without prior isolation.This review focused on the methods of chemical decomposition,extraction,derivatization and detection of lignin in marine environment.We described and compared several chemical decomposition methods,including nitrobenzene oxidation,alkaline cupric oxide(CuO) oxidation and thermochemolysis,and detection methods such as gas chromatography(GC),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and so on.Possible improvement of lignin analysis and the application prospects of this tracer were also discussed.