海南东寨港重金属在多种环境介质中污染状况及评价

分析了东寨港海水、表层沉积物和生物体中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、类金属As的含量及分布特征,并运用单因子指数法、地积累指数法评价了该调查区重金属污染程度。结果表明：东寨港海水中除Pb的含量符合二类海水标准外,其余含量均符合一类海水标准,且远低于渔业水质标准限值;表层沉积物中典型重金属元素含量都符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准,基本属于无污染区;本区湿地沉积物中的重金属含量比岛内及周边区典型红树林湿地略偏高;红树林及暗滩沉积物中重金属比东寨港水底沉积物重金属含量高,表明河口湾潮滩上的红树林区可能是重金属元素的富集区,东寨港目前可能受到了陆源污染的影响;生物体中重金属含量均符合一类标准,符合无公害水产品的要求。     

海洋立管试验支座设计及其对涡激振动影响研究

针对大长细比顶张力立管内外流共同作用时涡激振动的试验研究,考虑端部铰接和固接两种边界条件,设计了可施加张力和内流的铰接支座和固接支座,并对两种支座进行数值模拟及受力分析,最后用于深水立管的涡激振动试验。立管模型材料采用6.2 m长铜管,外径20 mm,壁厚1.5 mm,分别支撑在铰接支座和固接支座上,施加不同的顶部张力、外流流速和内流流速。通过在立管表面粘贴光纤光栅应变计获得动态应变数据,分别从动态响应幅值、频率等方面对不同边界条件立管的试验数据进行对比分析,得出在顶张力、内流速相同的情况下,外流速相等时两端铰接立管的振动幅值大于两端固接立管,随着外流速的增加,两端铰接立管比两端固接立管率先发生锁振现象。     

抑制涡激振动的螺旋列板设计参数研究

基于水池模型实验结果和工程设计经验,结合国内外试验数据,着重分析用于抑制海洋立管涡激振动的螺旋列板几何参数(鳍高和螺距)及覆盖率对立管涡激振动的影响;并对水动力直径和水动力系数的选取对预报涡激振动的影响进行了分析,进而提出了适合于海洋立管工程应用的螺旋列板几何和设计参数选取的建议,为螺旋列板工程应用、海洋立管强度和疲劳设计提供参考。     

海洋地质调查设备数据库的智能管理设计

海洋地质调查设备具有种类多、专业性强等特点,传统的设备管理的方式已经很难适应现代化海洋地质调查设备管理工作的需要。从海洋地质调查设备的智能化管理、提高装备管理工作效率的需求出发,运用现代数据库信息技术、条形码管理技术设计了一套海洋地质调查设备的数据库智能管理方案。该数据库的建立,将有效地管理海洋地质调查设备,充分地发挥海洋地质调查设备的社会效益和经济效益,为促进海洋地质的现代化建设提供有力保障。     

Time-Dependent Deformation Behavior of Jiangsu Marine Clay

In this article, the mechanical behavior of a Jiangsu marine clay was investigated by drained triaxial tests, traixial rheological tests, and one-dimensional compression and swelling tests. A visco-plastic model, the Bingham model combining two yield surfaces model, was proposed to describe the time-dependent deformation behaviors of the marine clay. The governing equation of Biot's consolidation theory for the visco-plastic soil is solved using a finite element code which incorporates the visco-plastic model. Using the finite element method, settlements of a typical embankment on the Lianxu expressway in China are calculated. Settlement calculations using the visco-plastic model are in agreement with the measured settlements in the field. The results demonstrate that the visco-plastic model is appropriate for calculating the visco-plastic deformations of Jiangsu marine clay. Theoretical and experimental studies show that the visco-plastic deformation of Jiangsu marine clay is substantial.     

Conservation status of New Zealand marine invertebrates, 2009

A re-evaluation of the threat status of New Zealand's marine invertebrates was undertaken in 2009, following earlier review of New Zealand's Threat Classification System and subsequent refinement of the national criteria for classifying threat of extinction to New Zealand's flora and fauna. Sufficient information was available to enable 295 marine invertebrate taxa to be fully evaluated and assigned to a national threat category. The 10 taxa at most risk of extinction (‘nationally critical’) were the giant seep clam Calyptogena sp., the primitive acorn barnacle Chionelasmus crosnieri, O'Shea's vent barnacle Volcanolepas osheai, the stalked barnacle Ibla idiotica, the four-blotched umbrella octopus Cirroctopus hochbergi, the roughy umbrella octopus Opisthoteuthis chathamensis, the giant squid Idioteuthis cordiformis, the large-egged polychaete Boccardiella magniovata and two gravel maggots, Smeagol climoi and Smeagol manneringi. The key threatening processes identified for marine invertebrates were fishing and land-use associated impacts such as sedimentation. We identified no taxa that had improved in threat status as a result of past or ongoing conservation management action, nor any taxa that had worsened in threat status because of known changes in their distribution, abundance or rate of population decline. We evaluated a small fraction of New Zealand's marine invertebrate fauna for their threat status. Many taxa remain ‘data deficient’ or unlisted. In addition to the most threatened taxa, we recommend these taxa and their habitats as priorities for further survey and monitoring.     

Marine protected areas in Australia: Towards a coordinated rock lobster industry position

Plans by government to accelerate the establishment of a national representative system of marine protected areas (NRSMPAs) in Australia have caused increasing disquiet within the fishing industry. Rock lobster fishers have raised concerns regarding plans to establish large “multiple‐use” MPAs that may or may not contain a substantial no‐take component in the continental shelf waters adjacent to the coast. Key industry concerns including the potential impacts on present and future harvest rates are examined. The industry response to government MPA policy in each of the major jurisdictions is outlined. An industry position developed at the National Rock Lobster Congress in Perth, Western Australia (September 2003) is put forward. The position advocates the need for an adjustment scheme to account for displaced effort, the need for government commitment to the development of management plans that include the long‐term monitoring of all MPAs, and the need for a thorough risk assessment process to be conducted before the establishment of an MPA. The issues raised in this paper should be relevant to the establishment of MPAs in an international context.     

基于AMSR-E的北疆地区积雪深度反演

利用北疆地区2007/2008-2009/2010年度积雪季(12月至次年2月)的AMSR-E降轨19 GHz与37 GHz波段的水平极化亮温数据, 结合北疆地区45个气象台站的实测雪深数据, 建立了北疆地区基于AMSR-E亮度温度数据的雪深反演模型, 并对模型的精度进行评价. 结果显示: 雪深在3~10 cm时, 模型反演的雪深值负向平均误差为-5.1 cm, RMSE值为6.1 cm; 雪深在11~30 cm时, 模型反演雪深值的平均误差仅为2.6 cm, RMSE、 正向平均误差、 绝对平均误差均较小; 雪深大于30 cm时, 模型反演的各项误差较大. 用合成方法反演北疆地区2006/2007-2010/2011年度5个积雪季的平均雪深分布和最大雪深分布, 结果显示北疆地区积雪主要分布于北部阿尔泰山和南部天山一带, 其中阿勒泰地区所占比重最大, 中部的准噶尔盆地腹地、 克拉玛依地区雪层较浅.     

基于遥感的冰川信息提取方法研究进展

对冰川监测中常用的遥感卫星、 传感器及冰川信息提取方法等进行了综合评价, 常规方法中普遍认为比值法的精度最高, 新产生的面向对象分类和雷达干涉测量方法虽一定程度上提高了冰川提取精度, 但冰碛物仍是自动识别的难点. 针对表碛覆盖冰川虽发展了一些自动、 半自动的方法, 但这些方法还不够成熟、 不具有通用性. 积雪、 冰碛物和地面验证仍是冰川自动提取存在的重要问题, 发展更先进、 更成熟的方法是冰川研究的重要方向, 未来可以尝试采用粗糙集理论及ICESAT卫星波形提高冰川信息提取的精度.     

Immune functional impacts of oyster peptide-based enteral nutrition formula (OPENF) on mice: a pilot study

Oyster peptides were produced from Crassostrea hongkongensis and used as a new protein source for the preparation of an oyster peptide-based enteral nutrition formula (OPENF). Reserpine-induced malabsorption mice and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice were used in this study. OPENF powder is light yellow green and has a protein-fat-carbohydrate ratio of 16:9:75 with good solubility in water. A pilot study investigating immune functional impacts of the OPENF on mice show that the OPENF enhanced spleen lymphocyte proliferation and the activity of natural killer (NK) cells in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, OPENF can improve intestinal absorption, increase food utilization ratio, and maintain the normal physiological function of mice. These results suggest that oyster peptides could serve as a new protein source for use in enteral nutrition formula, but more importantly, also indicate that OPENF has an immunostimulating effect in mice.