Population connectivity of an overexploited coastal fish,Argyrosomus coronus (Sciaenidae), in an ocean-warming hotspot

The West Coast dusky kob Argyrosomus coronus is a commercially exploited fish with a distribution confined to the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ) of the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. A previous study revealed that during a recent period of local warming the species extended its distribution into Namibian waters, where it hybridised with the resident and congeneric Argyrosomus inodorus. Environmental changes are a major threat to marine biodiversity and when combined with overfishing have the potential to accelerate the decline of species. However, little is known regarding the evolutionary history and population structure of A. coronus across the ABFZ. We investigated genetic diversity, population structure and historical demographic changes using mtDNA control region sequences and genotypes at six nuclear microsatellite loci, from 180 individuals. A single, genetically homogeneous population was indicated across the distributional range of A. coronus (φ_ST = 0.041, F_ST = 0.000, D = 0.000; p > 0.05). These findings imply that the oceanographic features within the ABFZ do not appear to significantly influence population connectivity in A. coronus, which simplifies management of the species. However, reconstruction of the demographic history points to a close link between the evolutionary history of A. coronus and the environmental characteristics of the ABFZ. This outcome suggests the species’ vulnerability to the rapid environmental changes being observed across this region, and highlights a pressing need for transboundary management to mitigate the impacts of climate change in this global hotspot of seawater temperature changes.     

基于加权贝叶斯网络的海洋灾害风险评估

全球气候变化背景下,海洋灾害的群发性、难以预见性和灾害链效应日显突出,造成的损失逐年上升,开展海洋灾害的风险评估工作至关重要。针对海洋灾害评估中的不确定问题,本文首先基于风险理论剖析了海洋灾害风险的不确定性特征,构建了灾害评估指标体系;然后基于贝叶斯网络模型,提出针对不确定性灾害评估的风险贝叶斯网络,进而基于主客观定权,构建了加权贝叶斯网络评估模型;最后对我国沿海地区海洋灾害开展评估研究。实验表明,该评估模型有效实现海洋灾害的风险评估,具有实际可操作性。     

沿海城市经济-海洋生态环境-游艇旅游业耦合协调发展分析

借鉴物理学中的耦合理论,分析沿海城市经济系统、海洋生态环境系统与游艇旅游业系统三者间的耦合协调作用机理;构建耦合评价模型与指标体系,并基于改进的熵值法,对沿海16个游艇旅游发展重点城市三者的耦合度及耦合协调度进行实证研究;运用皮尔逊相关系数法探讨各因素间相互关系。结果表明:沿海城市经济、海洋生态环境和游艇旅游业发展水平的综合评价值并不高,可进一步分为城市经济滞后型、生态环境滞后型和游艇旅游业滞后型三种制约类型;区域内三大系统耦合度较高,但耦合协调度较低且存在明显的区域差异;系统内部各因素间相互关联。鉴于此,提出游艇城市应因地制宜,协调开发与保护关系,深化产业融合等建议,以促进三大系统较高层次的耦合协调发展。     

Estimation and prediction of plastic waste annual input into the sea from China

Marine plastic debris has been a pervasive issue since the last century, and research on its sources and fates plays a vital role in the establishment of mitigation measures. However, data on the quantity of plastic waste that enters the sea on a certain timescale remain largely unavailable in China. Here, we established a model using material flow analysis method based on life cycle assessment to follow plastic product from primary plastic to plastic waste with statistical data and monitoring data from accurate sources. This model can be used to estimate and forecast the annual input of plastic waste into the sea from China until 2020. In 2011, 0.547 3–0.751 5 million tons of plastic waste entered the seas in China, with a growth rate of 4.55% per year until 2017. And the amount will decrease to0.257 1 to 0.353 1 million tons in 2020 under the influence of governmental management. The amount of plastic waste discharged from coastal areas calculated in this study was much larger than that from river, thus it is suggested to strengthen the governance and control of plastic waste in coastal fishery activities in China in order to reduce the amount of marine plastic waste input.     

国际海洋药物研究动态与发展趋势

文章用文献计量与科学知识图谱方法呈现海洋药物研究态势与热点,旨在为海洋药物研究提供参考。本文以SCIE(Science Citation Index Expanded)为数据源,以1980～2017年海洋药物领域论文为研究对象,采用文献计量与知识图谱可视化分析方法,结合Excel、VOSviewer软件,对论文年代分布、研究机构、期刊、作者、高被引论文及研究热点进行分析。结果表明,海洋药物研究的热点方向为海洋天然产物、抗菌活性、细胞毒性、海绵等,应重点关注海洋天然产物及其抗菌药理作用的研究。世界范围内关于海洋药物研究的论文数量呈逐年上升趋势,美国在该领域研究占据绝对优势,其发文量、总被引和H指数均占绝对地位。该领域主要发文期刊为《Marine Drugs》、《Journalof Natural Products》。发文机构中中国科学院位列世界第一,但整体论文质量欠佳,中国在该领域研究水平有待加强,论文影响力仍需提高。     

海洋生态文明研究进展及其评价体系探究

海洋生态文明作为生态文明建设的一部分,是全面落实"五位一体"总体布局的重要着眼点。本文全面梳理比较了国内海洋生态文明建设的理论研究进展与实践探索,从概念内涵、应用领域、评价指标、示范区建设、实践经验五个方面梳理了现有研究,并采用重要性指数对现有研究中海洋生态文明评价指标的重要性程度进行排序,结合前期研究成果及当前形势,构建了海洋生态文明评价指标体系,并探讨了今后的研究方向。     

环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力定量研究

环渤海湾地区经济发展迅速但开发利用过度,生态问题突出。本文以社会环境学理论、系统论、可持续发展理论等为基础,建立了环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力评价指标体系,利用单项评价法,以地级市为基本单位对环渤海湾地区的海洋资源环境承载力进行评价。结果表明滨州市的海洋资源环境承载力较好,其次为唐山市和天津市,沧州市的海洋资源环境承载力较弱。     

Boussinesq相位解析的海岸水动力学数学模型研究进展

由于在平衡计算效率和精度上具有优势,Boussinesq相位解析数学模型研究不断取得突破,已成为波浪和水流精细化模拟的较优解析方式,为海岸工程、环境、地质等问题提供了实用和高效的研究手段。本文对已有Boussinesq类模型的研究进行了评述,深入探讨其重要发展、实际应用和理论瓶颈,从高阶非静压修正、GPU准三维高性能算法编译、波浪破碎和泥沙运移沉积等4个方面提出未来可能的科学突破方向。     

基于可靠性的海洋立管疲劳安全系数研究

综合考虑了立管疲劳安全系数取值的相关因素——立管的安全等级、设计寿命、检验周期、载荷和损伤计算方法等的不确定性,提出了基于可靠度的疲劳安全系数确定方法,筛选了用于计算波致疲劳和VIV(涡激振动)疲劳的随机变量,给出了立管波致疲劳与VIV疲劳安全系数的计算流程,并以某SCR(钢悬链线立管)为例进行了安全系数计算。结果表明,该方法的计算结果优于传统的安全系数确定方法,尤其适合于特殊工程方案或新颖设计的立管疲劳校核。     

Properties of geogrid-reinforced marine slope due to the groundwater level changes

Evaluation of slope stability, especially in the absence of a proper bed such as marine soils, is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Using geogrid layers to enhance the strength and stability of embankments is regarded as a commendable stabilization method. On the other hand, groundwater level erratically fluctuates in coastal areas. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the effects of groundwater level changes on stability of a geogrid-reinforced slope on loose marine soils in Qeshm Island, Iran. At first, geotechnical properties of the site were obtained by comprehensive series of geotechnical laboratory and in situ tests. Then, by simultaneous changes of groundwater level and several parameters such as embankment slope, loading, geogrid length, geogrid number, and tensile strength of geogrid, different characteristics such as embankment safety factor (SF), vertical and horizontal displacements at embankment top and embankment base were studied. It was observed that groundwater level had significant effects on behavior of the embankment. For most of the observations, by decreasing the groundwater level, the displacements decreased and consequently safety factor increased. Increasing the length, number, and tensile strength of geogrid led to the reduction of displacements and an increase in the safety factor.