中国第二次北极科学考察沿线气溶胶成分分析

对2003年7月15~9月28日间中国第二次北极科学考察沿线所采集的气溶胶样品进行分析,获得了Na⁺、NH₄⁺ 、Ca²⁺、Cl^-、MSA、SO₄^2- 等11种离子的浓度数据(文中使用当量浓度).根据相关分析, 可将11种离子分为3类: 海盐源离子, 包括Na⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-; 人为源, 包括NH₄⁺ 、NO₃^-; 其它源, 包括 CH₃COO^-、MSA、C₂O₄^2-. 气溶胶以海盐气溶胶为主, Cl^-、Na⁺ 离子分别是阴阳离子中含量最大的离子, (Na⁺ +Cl^-)对气溶胶载量(所测定的阴阳离子的总和)的贡献平均为60.2%, 占气溶胶总量的一半以上. NH₄⁺ /SO₄^2- 的比值的平均为0.45, 根据当地的大气环境和气溶胶的离子平衡, 认为气溶胶样品中NH₄⁺ 和 SO₄^2- 主要是以 NH4HSO4的形式结合. 根据考察沿线 NO₃^- 浓度的变化, 把考察沿线大致分为3个区: 日本海区, 中值为15.2 neq·m^-3; 鄂霍次克海及白令海区, 中值为1.8 neq·m^-3; 北冰洋区, 其浓度较低, 中值为0.4 neq·m^-3. 考察沿线白令海是MSA的高产区.     

悬浮液进样氢化物发生原子荧光法测定海洋沉积物样品中痕量砷

人类对砷的认识已有很长的历史,近几十年来关于砷对环境的污染以及对人体健康的影响日益受到人们的关注.砷是海洋沉积物中常见的主要环境污染元素之一,目前测定它的常用方法有砷钼酸-结晶紫分光光度法[1]、氢化物-原子吸收分光光度法[1]、催化极谱法[1]、氢化物-原子荧光光谱法[2],但是这些方法需将样品制备成溶液,处理过程冗长,易引起操作沾污和待测成分损失,而且试剂消耗量大,同时产生的酸气对操作人员的身体健康非常有害,为此分析工作者一直在寻求一些新的前处理技术.     

培育海洋经济新增长点的运作规律、机理与途径研究

以“解剖态势、研究机理、寻找对策”为旨意,对我国海洋新兴产业增长点进行走势分析与规律研究,探讨发展的机理,分析障碍因素,提出产业政策和发展途径。作者认为,我国海洋新兴产业的增长点,已经进入成长期,具备了规模化、社会化发展的条件。要使其健康、持续发展,必须深入研究其演进中独具特点的众多因素、条件的运作机理。从海洋资源、环境、技术、产业所形成的供求约束综合分析,应认识和掌握三方面的运作机理：(1)资源不确定性、环境外部性对海洋新兴产业发展的影响及其校正;(2)海洋高新技术商品化、产业化、社会化的依次递进与协调运作机理;(3)市场机制与政府行为引导海洋新兴产业健康发展的协调机理。促进海洋新兴产业增长点的规模化、社会化发展,必须制定科学的扶持政策体系,寻求新的发展途径。     

我国海洋产业结构分析及产业优化对策

利用海洋统计数据分析我国海洋产业结构的现状与变化趋势,采用相关分析、灰色相关分析等计量经济学方法,确定影响海洋产业发展的相关因素,根据《海洋经济发展规划纲要》的要求,应用产业经济理论、产业关联理论、区域经济和海陆经济一体化理论系统分析目前我国海洋产业结构中存在的问题并提出海洋产业的优化对策。     

One new species and two new records of free-living marine nematodes from the Huanghai Sea

1 IntroductionIn January 2003, undisturbed sediments were tak-en from a grid of 22 sampling stations (from 32.5° to37°N, 122° to 125°E) during the cruise of an ecologi-cal survey of the over-winter ground for anchovy inthe Huanghai Sea. Meiofaunal abundance varied from55.3 to 152.0 ind/cm2 [(95.4 ±27.0) ind/cm2], with81% to 93% [(83.1 ±22.7) ind/cm2] of the specimensbeing nematodes. Up to now, twenty-nine species ofmarine nematodes have been recorded from theHuanghai Sea (Zhang and P…     

海洋磁力仪的原理与技术指标对比分析

针对现今世界市场上海洋磁力仪产品型号较多、技术指标复杂、应用范围不尽相同,产品的选用存在一定困难等问题,分别介绍了3种不同类型的磁力仪的工作原理,具体对比分析了各种磁力仪的技术指标,并简单介绍了磁力仪的应用及梯度仪组合方式。结果表明标准质子旋进式海洋磁力仪灵敏度较低,存在进向误差,但无死区,价格最为低廉,适合于对灵敏度要求不高的工程和科研地球物理调查。0verhauser海洋磁力仪的灵敏度高,无进向误差,无死区,价格便宜,适合于大多数工程和科研地球物理调查。光泵式海洋磁力仪灵敏度和采样率最高,梯度容忍度最大,但存在死区和进向误差问题,适用于高精度的海洋磁力梯度调查和航空磁力调查。分析结果显示：各种类型的磁力仪各有优势,具体选用应以具体情况而定。     

强冲刷侵蚀岸段水深地形变化成因分析

海底地形变化是海洋动力变化的直接表征之一,强冲刷侵蚀岸段水深地形变化,主要是由于风暴潮等恶劣天气而形成的波浪扰动起海底表层物质成分,并由海流和风完成了对悬沙的运移所致.风暴潮引起海浪在海岸浅水处破碎,卷破波的水舌向下冲击时,在海底形成很大的旋涡,把泥沙掀动起来,在风流潮和的作用下,致使侵蚀冲刷快速的呈现,造成了水深地形的变化.一般情况下,水深地形变化较大地段由于泥沙的自然盈亏影响较小,人为的因素改变了自然平衡发生变化是重要因素.而冲刷侵蚀岸段的水深地形变化与海洋动力紧密相关,因此,研究分析海洋动力与水深地形变化的成因,对海岸工程及其防护至关重要.     

海底地磁日变观测站的设计与应用

采用布设海底地磁日变观测锚系的技术方法,可解决远海区磁测日变改正观测资料问题。重点介绍设立海底地磁日变观测锚系中观测设备的技术特性、锚系设计及这一技术方法在国内的首次应用情况。     

Origin and geochemistry of Miocene marine evaporites associated with red beds: Great Kavir Basin,Central Iran

During the Cenozoic numerous shallow epicontinental evaporite basins formed due to tectonic movements in the Northern Province of the Central Iran Tectonic Zone (the Great Kavir Basin). During the Miocene, due to sea‐level fluctuations, thick sequences of evaporites and carbonates accumulated in these basins that subsequently were overlain by continental red beds. Development of halite evaporites with substantial thickness in this area implies inflow of seawater along the narrow continental rift axis. The early ocean basin development was initiated in Early Eocene time and continued up to the Middle Miocene in the isolated failed rift arms. Competition between marine and non‐marine environments, at the edge of the encroaching sea, produced several sequences of both abrupt and gradual transition from continental wadi sediments to marginal marine evaporites in the studied area. These evaporites show well‐preserved textures indicative of relatively shallow‐brine pools. The high Br content of these evaporites indicates marine‐derived parent brines that were under the sporadic influence of freshening by meteoric water or replenishing seawater. However, the association of hopper and cornet textures denotes stratified brine that filled a relatively large pool and prevented rapid variations in the Br profile. Unstable basin conditions that triggered modification of parent brine chemistry prevailed in this basin and caused variable distribution patterns for different elements in the chloride units. The presence of sylvite and the absence of Mg‐sulphate/chlorides in the paragenetic sequence indicate SO₄−depleted parent brine in the studied sequence. Petrographic examinations along with geochemical analyses on these potash‐bearing halites reveal parental brines which were a mixture of seawater and CaCl₂‐rich brines. The source of CaCl₂‐rich brines is ascribed to the presence of local rift systems in the Great Kavir Basin up to the end of the Early Miocene. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Marine cements in mid-Tertiary cool-water shelf limestones of New Zealand and southern Australia

Large areas of southern Australia and New Zealand are covered by mid‐Tertiary limestones formed in cool‐water, shelf environments. The generally destructive character of sea‐floor diagenesis in such settings precludes ubiquitous inorganic precipitation of carbonates, yet these limestones include occasional units with marine cements: (1) within rare in situ biomounds; (2) within some stacked, cross‐bedded sand bodies; (3) at the top of metre‐scale, subtidal, carbonate cycles; and (4) most commonly, associated with certain unconformities. The marine cements are dominated by isopachous rinds of fibrous to bladed spar, interstitial homogeneous micrite and interstitial micropeloidal micrite, often precipitated sequentially in that order. Internal sedimentation of microbioclastic micrite may occur at any stage. The paradox of marine‐cemented limestone units in an overall destructive cool‐water diagenetic regime may be explained by the precipitation of cement as intermediate Mg‐calcite from marine waters undersaturated with respect to aragonite. In some of the marine‐cemented limestones, aragonite biomoulds may include marine cement/sediment internally, suggesting that dissolution of aragonite can at times be wholly marine and not always involve meteoric influences. We suggest that marine cementation occurred preferentially, but not exclusively, during periods of relatively lowered sea level, probably glacio‐eustatically driven in the mid‐Tertiary. At times of reduced sea level, there was a relative increase in both the temperature and the carbonate saturation state of the shelf waters, and the locus of carbonate sedimentation shifted towards formerly deeper shelf sites, which now experienced increased swell wave and/or tidal energy levels, fostering sediment abrasion and reworking, reduced sedimentation rates and freer exchange of sediment pore‐waters. Energy levels were probably also enhanced by increased upwelling of cold, deep waters onto the Southern Ocean margins of the Australasian carbonate platforms, where water‐mass mixing, warming and loss of CO₂ locally maintained critical levels of carbonate saturation for sea‐floor cement precipitation and promoted the phosphate‐glauconite mineralization associated with some of the marine‐cemented limestone units.