钟姑地区典型矿床的重磁找矿模式

钟姑地区位于宁芜中生代火山岩盆地南段,已发现有白象山铁矿等多个大型铁矿,是长江中下游成矿带以玢岩型铁矿为主的矿集区。本文以钟姑地区实测岩石物性参数为桥梁,以实测重磁数据为基础,分析了该区白象山铁矿、钟九铁矿和云楼铁矿的重磁场分布特征,并根据典型矿区已知地质条件,运用成熟的2.5D重磁联合反演技术进行计算,从定量角度认识铁矿体深部发育形态、位置与重磁异常之间对应关系,建立钟姑地区白象山铁矿等典型矿床的重磁找矿模式,为该区进一步找矿突破提供地球物理场信息。     

青藏高原及其邻区岩石层三维密度结构

搜集了青藏高原及其邻近区域的S波速度三维层析成像结果和2万多个实测重力点资料，将重力资料进行各种改正并网格化为30′×30′的布格重力异常．首先采用密度差与S波速度差之间的经验关系式，建立青藏地区岩石层密度的初始模型，再利用布格重力异常进行阻尼最小二乘法反演，得到青藏地区岩石层三维密度分布结果．反演结果表明：（1）青藏高原岩石层密度分布不仅在纵向上不均匀，而且在横向存在明显的不均匀．在深度10－70km范围内，高原整体呈低密度特性，在50－70km深度范围内低密度特征更加突出，与周缘地区存在0，1g／cm³的密度差．而在90－110km深度范围内，高原岩石层地幔显示密度高．（2）岩层密度分布与大地构造有明显相关的分区性，显示出青藏块体、巴颜喀拉块体、塔里木块体和印度块体．     

Dark respiration in the light and in darkness of three marine macroalgal species grown under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations

Dark respiration (non-photorespiratory mitochondrial respiration),which occurs both in the light and in darkness,is vital for growth and survival of algae and plays a critical role in modulating the carbon balance of them.In the present study,we have investigated dark respiration in the light (R L) and in darkness (R D) in three marine macroalgal species,Hizikia fusiformis (phaeophyta),Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta),cultured at 20℃ using aeration with two CO 2 conditions:current ambient (CO 2 concentration about 380 μl/L) and elevated CO 2 (approximately 720 μl/L) air.R L was estimated by using the Kok method,whereas R D was determined as the rate of O 2 influx at zero light.The results showed that both R L and R D were unchanged for the elevated CO 2-grown algae relative to ambient CO 2 concentration for all the algal species tested.However,R L was significantly lower than R D across all the algal species and growth CO 2 treatments,demonstrating that daytime respiration was partly depressed by the light.The percentage of inhibition of respiration by light was similar between ambient and elevated CO 2 grown algae.The ratio of respiration to photosynthesis,which tended to decrease when estimated using R L instead of R D,was not altered for the elevated relative to ambient CO 2 concentration.The results suggest that R L,rather than R D,is a more accurate estimate of nonphotorespiratory carbon loss in marine macroalgae during the daytime.It would not be anticipated that elevated atmospheric CO 2 would exert a substantial influence on respiratory flux either in the light or in darkness in these particular marine macroalgal species.     

利用核磁共振技术对丘陵油田低渗储层可动油的研究

为了定量评价储层可动油饱和度及渗流能力,应用核磁共振技术对丘陵油田40块岩心的可动油饱和度进行了定量测试.研究表明,丘陵油田低渗透储层可动油饱和度值的分布范围是4.8%~56.7%,平均值为33.4%.可动油饱和度高低与岩心孔隙度、渗透率及驱油效率呈正相关关系.各类储层可动油饱和度差异较大,储层沉积微相及物性决定了可动油饱和度和渗流能力的大小.     

中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气地质特点、战略选区思考及需要解决的主要地质问题

中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气资源量大,但探明程度低,是油气资源战略接替的重要领域。中国海相碳酸盐岩层系具有形成时代老、改造强烈、沉积中心与生烃中心不吻合、储层具有多样性且非均质性强、多烃源层、多期生烃、多期成藏、多期调整与改造等显著特点,与陆相碎屑岩层系有明显差别,又有别于国外海相碳酸盐岩层系。在对不同地区海相碳酸盐岩层系油气地质条件进行分析解剖的基础上,分别对四川盆地、中下扬子及滇黔桂地区、塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、渤海湾盆地和青藏地区的海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探战略选区急需解决的地质问题进行了讨论。     

席状岩浆房中的岩浆冷却及动力稳定性

关于岩浆房中岩浆的结晶分异方式一直存在着争议,其基本矛盾在于对岩浆冷却历史及热不稳定性可能引起的对流形式的理解各不相同。本文在充分考虑席状岩浆房的基本物理特征的基础上,建立了稳定岩浆体系的动态冷却模型,并以攀枝花层状岩体为例,计算了相应的温度场、密度场及粘度场。同时,提出了一种基于能量守恒的、对热不稳定性进行分析的新方法。计算了热不稳定性可能引起的对流强度、对流区域及对流时间,并深入讨论了在一定的热不稳定状态下,不同的岩浆屈服强度对对流特征参量的影响。结果表明,在该岩体的整个固化过程中,如果曾发生过自发对流,其对流也是极微弱而短暂的,不会影响中下部岩浆房中岩浆的固化和结晶。这一结论与对该岩体的实际观察相符。     

Integrating lysimeter drainage and eddy covariance flux measurements in a groundwater recharge model

Abstract

Field-scale water balance is difficult to characterize because controls exerted by soils and vegetation are mostly inferred from local-scale measurements with relatively small support volumes. Eddy covariance flux and lysimeters have been used to infer and evaluate field-scale water balances because they have larger footprint areas than local soil moisture measurements. This study quantifies heterogeneity of soil deep drainage (D) in four 12.5-m² repacked lysimeters, compares evapotranspiration from eddy covariance (ET_EC) and mass balance residuals of lysimeters (ETwb_Lys), and models D to estimate groundwater recharge. Variation in measured D was attributed to redirection of snowmelt infiltration and differences in lysimeter hydraulic properties caused by surface soil treatment. During the growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012, ETwb_Lys (278, 289 and 269 mm, respectively) was in good agreement with ET_EC (298, 301 and 335 mm). Annual recharge estimated from modelled D was 486, 624 and 613 mm for three calendar years 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. In summary, lysimeter D and ET_EC can be integrated to estimate and model groundwater recharge.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis     

高分辨率遥感技术在厦门海湾生态环境调查中的应用

对于局部区域研究，高分辨率卫星遥感及其影像的智能化处理技术是获取信息的新手段．本文以IKONOS遥感影像在厦门海湾的应用为例，探讨高分辨率遥感卫星影像应用于海湾生态环境调查与分析的应用技术．通过分析高分辨率影像地物特征，提出高分辨率遥感影像的重要处理技术：采用不同缩放尺度进行分类和利用空间特征及纹理结构进行专题信息提取。     

渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动

渤海位于北华北新生代裂陷盆地的东部,是一个晚第四纪形成的内陆海盆. 渤海盆地活动断裂发育,地震活动强烈,交会于渤海中部的NE向营口——潍坊断裂带北段、庙西北——黄河口——临邑断裂带及NW向北京——蓬莱断裂带是主要的活动构造带,将海区分成4个次级新构造区,成为现代应力场作用的构造基础. 综合研究38个震源机制解和75个井区应力场等资料,以及构造应力场二维数值模拟计算结果表明,渤海及其邻区现代构造应力场的压应力方向为NE60～90,张应力为SN——NW30;以水平和近水平应力作用为主;不同构造区主应力方向存在一定的差异. 现今渤海地区地壳发育以NNE——NE和NW——WNW走向的共轭剪切破裂为特征,是控制地震活动的主要构造.     

基于 ArcPad 的地理国情普查外业调查系统开发

通过ArcPAD Studio开发环境和VBScript开发工具以及VC＋＋和ArcEngine 9．3,开发了适合全国第一次地理国情普查项目的外业调绘软件,解决了内外业作业数据不一致的情况,实现了两者一体化。通过Configuration和Layer两种开发方式,参考地理国情普查项目的相关规范,实现了地理要素覆盖数据及地理要素的采集、编辑,实现了样点照片及其相关属性的采集。本文还就数据预处理及采集后的数据后处理进行了阐述,使地理国情普查项目的外业调绘工作更加完整化、流程化。