泰来草WOX转录因子的筛选与结构分析

WOX转录因子家族是植物中特有的一类转录因子家族,其主要参与调控干细胞多能性、侧生器官的发育、花器官的形成和胚发育等多种生物学功能,同时是一类比较古老的转录因子,因此也有以此为基准进行进化分析的研究。目前,WOX转录因子家族在大多数陆生植物和淡水生植物中被发现,在海洋植物中,这一类转录因子的研究尚较少。泰来草(Thalassia hemprichii)是一种热带区域常见的海洋单子叶植物,具有重要生态功能。本研究利用高通量测序技术获得泰来草的转录组信息,从中筛选获得了一个WOX基因(命名为ThWOX8),CDS序列全长597 bp,编码198个氨基酸,对其进行三维结构建模,显示其具有典型的HB结构,属于WOX转录因子家族中的中间分支。由于对海洋植物的WOX基因研究较少,本研究收集了93个位于中间进化支的WOX转录因子进行了同源比较分析和进化树分析,结果显示了泰来草与豆科和毛茛目莲科植物的亲缘关系较为接近,这可能暗示了泰来草在水生植物和陆生植物之间存在演化关系。鉴于泰来草是一种重要的潮间带植物,对于平衡海洋生态环境较为重要,深入研究泰来草WOX转录因子家族基因有助于我们进一步认识泰来草在进化中的关系,以及为针对性地改进泰来草的人工繁育提供理论依据。     

极地产适冷脂肪酶菌株的酶学性质研究

从南北极环境样品中分离到7株产脂肪酶的细菌,经16SrDNA序列分析表明,这些细菌分别属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）和嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）．采用p-NPP法对这7株细菌所产的脂肪酶进行酶学性质研究,结果显示这些酶的最适作用温度在30～40cC、最适作用pH值在7—8之间,在低温下能保持较高的剩余活力,对热敏感,属于适冷脂肪酶．其中假交替单胞菌（Psychrobacter sp．7342）所产脂肪酶具有低温下酶的剩余活力高、有效作用温度和pH范围广、热稳定性较好及对多种金属离子抗性强等特点．该菌株能利用多种单一氮源和碳源产酶,最适产酶温度为25℃．在此基础上进行正交实验分析得到了该菌株的最佳发酵条件为：蛋白胨和淀粉含量各为1．33％,酵母膏含量为0．3％,温度为25℃．     

福建深沪湾不同环境样品中总汞和甲基汞含量的分布

测定了福建省泉州深沪湾海水、沉积物和生物体中的总汞含量,测定了沉积物、生物体中的甲基汞含量.海水总汞含量范围是1.16 ～7.29 ng/dm3,平均值为3.32 ng/dm3.沉积物中总汞含量为0.006～0.066 μg/g,甲基汞占总汞的比例为4.7％ ～38.6％,该比例与总汞含量呈负相关关系(r=-0.840,p＜0.05),这可能是因为总汞含量的升高使甲基汞合成反应受到抑制,导致反应速率降低甚至为负,即甲基汞的分解.生物体中总汞含量为0.037 ～0.353 μg/g(干重),甲基汞含量为1.01 ～42.50 ng/g(干重),甲基汞占总汞的比例为1.5％ ～40.4％.甲基汞含量与总汞含量显著相关(r =0.484,p＜0.10);总汞含量与甲基汞占总汞比例略有相关(r=-0.293,p＜0.10);甲基汞含量与其占总汞比例无相关性(r=0.061,p＞0.05).可以推测,生物体中的总汞和甲基汞都是外源性的,不同生物体甲基汞占总汞的比例变化很大.对深沪湾居民进行海产品摄入量评估,以美国EPA规定的甲基汞参考计量0.1 μg/(kg·d)为标准,计算得深沪湾周边居民每周食用3次(600g)湾内的海产品是安全的,不会产生汞中毒.未来还需要测定海水中甲基汞的含量,用以计算生物富集因子,表征不同生物对甲基汞的富集程度;通过测定鱼体中的δ13C、δ15N比值来确定不同鱼类的营养级,进而研究甲基汞的生物累积效应与营养级的关系.     

抑制涡激振动的螺旋列板设计参数研究

基于水池模型实验结果和工程设计经验,结合国内外试验数据,着重分析用于抑制海洋立管涡激振动的螺旋列板几何参数(鳍高和螺距)及覆盖率对立管涡激振动的影响;并对水动力直径和水动力系数的选取对预报涡激振动的影响进行了分析,进而提出了适合于海洋立管工程应用的螺旋列板几何和设计参数选取的建议,为螺旋列板工程应用、海洋立管强度和疲劳设计提供参考。     

阿姆河盆地侏罗系海相烃源岩地化特征及与中国海相烃源岩比较

阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相烃源岩是一套公认的成熟烃源岩,其成熟度与中国古生界高-过成熟度海相烃源岩不同,通过对阿姆河右岸地区上侏罗统岩石样品的地球化学分析及与中国塔里木和华北、四川、吐哈、渤海湾等盆地类似烃源岩的比对,研究了阿姆河盆地成熟海相烃源岩地化特征,建立了有机质丰度与类型的评价标准与图版。结果表明:阿姆河盆地侏罗系存在灰岩和泥岩两类海相烃源岩,灰岩有机质丰度略高于塔里木盆地古生界和华北地台中上元古界灰岩,与四川盆地二叠系灰岩接近,泥岩有机质丰度与吐哈盆地侏罗系煤系泥岩相当,成倍好于塔里木盆地、华北地台海相泥岩;海相泥岩属于Ⅰ₂~Ⅱ型烃源岩,海相灰岩属于Ⅲ~Ⅱ型烃源岩,综合分析认为:1）阿姆河盆地上侏罗统灰岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为0.5%,泥岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为3%;2）以低等生物为主的海相碳酸盐岩或泥岩,其可溶有机质氯仿沥青“A”族组分、Pr/Ph与Ph/nC₁₈关系、甾烷ααα（C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉）-20R含量、多环芳香“三芴”系列等参数既揭示了烃源岩的生源环境,也是鉴别母质类型的良好参数。阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相泥岩和灰岩烃源岩评价标准与图版的建立,对国外海相盆地油气资源评价具有重要意义。     

多重分形在海积软土微观结构研究中的应用

本文将多重分形谱引入到土微观结构分形研究中,对天津市滨海新区三个不同地点海积软土原状样及不同固结压力后土中孔隙的多重分形特征进行研究,从多重分形的角度对孔隙的不均匀性进行定量描述,并建立孔隙多重分形谱各特征参数与荷载之间的关系.结果表明三个地点的海积软土孔隙多重分形特征存在差异.     

The Cretaceous System in China

This paper provides an outline of Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeography in China, which is based on rich data obtained from recent researches. Cretaceous deposits are widespread in China. Most strata are of nonmarine origin and marine sediments occur only in Tibet, western Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, Taiwan and limited localities of eastern Heilongjiang. All deposits are rich in fossils and well-constrained biostratigraphically. The stratigraphic successions of different regions are illustrated, and general stratigraphic division and correlation have been introduced. The marine deposits are described in the Tibetan Tethys, Kashi-Hotan Region of Xinjiang, eastern Heilongjiang, western Yunnan and Taiwan; the nonmarine deposits are outlined from northeast China, southeast China, southern interior China, southwest China, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, and northwestern China intermontane basins. The sedimentary facies and paleogeography are diversified. In Tibet the basin evolution is largely related to the subduction and collision of the Indian Plate against the Eurasian Continent, and shows a tectonic evolution in the Cretaceous. Foraminifera are a dominant biota in the Tibet Tethys. Nonmarine sediments include variegated and red beds, coal- or salt-bearing horizons, and volcanic rocks. These deposits contain diverse and abundant continental faunas and floras, as well as important coal and oil resources. The Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeography in China have presented a foundation for geological studies.     

海洋极端环境微生物活动与油气资源关系

为了弄清海洋极端环境下微生物参与油气资源形成和演化的潜在机制, 进行了现代海洋热泉和冷泉等环境中微生物类型分析和生物量估算, 探讨了极端微生物活动和油气资源的潜在关系.认为海洋极端环境下微生物类型主要为细菌和古细菌, 热泉微生物群落主要为异养发酵菌、硫酸盐还原菌、产甲烷菌等; 冷泉微生物群落主要为ANME-2族的厌氧甲烷氧化古细菌、硫酸盐还原细菌和ANME-1族厌氧甲烷氧化古菌.这些极端微生物利用CH₄和H₂S等气体进行能量固定, 有较高的生物丰度和较低的分异度, 具有垂向和水平分带性, 并能营生一套独特的宏体生物.极端微生物活动直接和间接地参与了油气资源的形成和改造, 示踪海底油气资源的变迁.对于探索地球早期海洋微生物活动与油气资源形成, 寻找地史时期或华南地史早期烃源岩具有重要理论和实践指导意义.      

Dominant factors in controlling marine gas pools in South China

In marine strata from Sinian to Middle Triassic in South China, there develop four sets of regional and six sets of local source rocks, and ten sets of reservoir rocks. The occurrence of four main formation periods in association with five main reconstruction periods, results in a secondary origin for the most marine gas pools in South China. To improve the understanding of marine gas pools in South China with severely deformed geological background, the dominant control factors are discussed in this paper. The fluid sources, including the gas cracked from crude oil, the gas dissolved in water, the gas of inorganic origin, hydrocarbons generated during the second phase, and the mixed pool fluid source, were the most significant control factors of the types and the development stage of pools. The period of the pool formation and the reconstruction controlled the pool evolution and the distribution on a regional scale. Owing to the multiple periods of the pool formation and the reconstruction, the distribution of marine gas pools was complex both in space and in time, and the gas in the pools is heterogeneous. Pool elements, such as preservation conditions, traps and migration paths, and reservoir rocks and facies, also served as important control factors to marine gas pools in South China. Especially, the preservation conditions played a key role in maintaining marine oil and gas accumulations on a regional or local scale. According to several dominant control factors of a pool, the pool-controlling model can be constructed. As an example, the pool-controlling model of Sinian gas pool in Weiyuan gas field in Sichuan basin was summed up.