海洋功能区开发潜力评价方法

借鉴海洋资源开发潜力、旅游开发潜力、土地开发潜力、主体功能区开发潜力、可持续发展能力和多指标综合评价等方面的研究方法和指标体系,首次提出了海洋功能区开发潜力的概念、构成和指标,并分析了层次分析法在海洋功能区开发潜力评价中的适用性,总结了海洋功能区开发潜力评价的方法、步骤和存在的问题。     

Marine governance of European Seas: Introduction

This introduction explains the context and structure of a block of articles developed as part of the governance work packages of the FP7 project: “Options for Delivering Ecosystem-based Marine management” (ODEMM).     

Influence of Seawater on the Suction and Swelling Behavior of Clayey Soils

The present study examines the suction characteristics and swelling behavior of clayey soils when exposed to natural seawater with respect to distilled water. The effects of saline waters on the engineering behavior of soils need to be determined since the salinity of the pore fluid of soils near coastal areas increases continuously. Six clayey soil samples with different mineralogy and characteristics were gathered and tested to determine the suction and swelling characteristics in the presence of natural seawater and distilled water. The results show that the total suction values of the samples are higher in the presence of seawater than in distilled water. The samples with high swelling potential have lower matric suction values than nonswelling soils. Moreover, in contrast to swelling-type soils, the matric suction values of the nonswelling soils remain similar in the presence both distilled water and seawater. The modified free swell index (MFSI) of the samples is well correlated with the liquid limit (LL), plasticity index (PI), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in distilled water. However, coefficients of determination decreased in the presence of seawater. Also, there is no significant correlation existing between total and matric suction values and the MFSI values of the samples.     

海底三维声学图像实时处理系统设计

结合多核CPU硬件PC平台,设计了一种海底三维声学图像实时处理系统,主要包括声学前端信号处理子系统、数据传输控制子系统和PC客户端图像处理系统三个部分。声学前端信号处理子系统统根据接收到的多路声学换能器信号,通过两级FPGA信号处理,采集多通道水声信号,进行实时电子聚焦波束形成。为了解决海量声学数据快速传输问题,数据传输控制子系统未采用传统用户空间TCP/IP传输机制,而是直接通过嵌入式PowerPC处理器在Linux内核态采用DMA通道进行声学数据转发,减少系统调用和数据拷贝开销,有效提高网络传输效率。针对海量声学数据实时处理需求,PC客户端图像处理系统通过对复杂、耗时的单帧重建和数据拼接算法模块根据声学数据点的角度范围进行等分分割,对每个子范围声纳数据采用多线程并行处理,均衡多个CPU核之间负载,实现高性能三维声学图像实时处理。通过室内水池和湖试实验,结果表明该系统能够实时高效地进行三维声学图像采集、传输与处理。     

乳酸乳球菌XP-15对仿刺参生长、免疫及肠道菌群结构的影响

乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)是一种具有促进宿主生长、增强机体免疫力的益生菌。本研究以仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象,以仿刺参源肠道分离菌株乳酸乳球菌XP-15为候选益生菌,开展菌株XP-15对仿刺参生长、免疫及肠道菌群结构的影响研究。以乳酸乳球菌XP-15投喂组为实验组(XP-15组),基础饲料投喂组为对照组(CK组),进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示,第1—8周,XP-15组的仿刺参肠道内的乳球菌属(Lactococcus spp.)呈现逐渐增加趋势,至第8周时占比为54.00%,明显高于CK组的7.33%,表明菌株XP-15可较好地在仿刺参肠道内定殖;于第6周取肠道进行免疫酶活力测定,结果显示,XP-15组仿刺参肠道一氧化氮合成酶(nitric oxide synthase, NOS)、酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase, ACP)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)等免疫指标显著高于CK组。于第6周采用体腔注射法进行相对免疫保护率实验,计算结果表明,投喂菌株XP-15后仿刺参在塔式...     

Private rights,public benefits: Industry-driven seabed protection

New Zealand has a large exclusive economic zone (EEZ) that contains a variety of marine habitats and commercially-important species. The commercial fishing industry operating within New Zealand's EEZ is of significant value to the economy and fisheries resources are managed through the extensive use of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs). One of the benefits of ITQs has been to better align some of the private incentives of quota owners with the public interest. These incentives contributed to an initiative proposed by the fishing industry to close large areas of New Zealand's EEZ to protect the seabed from trawling. These closed areas are termed benthic protection areas (BPAs) and protect the benthic biodiversity of about 1.1 million square kilometres of seabed—approximately 30% of New Zealand's EEZ. A significant proportion of New Zealand's known seamounts and active hydrothermal vents are protected by these closed areas. We describe and discuss the criteria used to select BPAs and some of the criticism of this marine protection initiative. We argue that the assignment of strong property rights in fishing resources was an important precondition to an industry initiative that has a significant public benefit. Where private and public interests are well aligned, government can adopt an enabling and facilitation role, ceding direct control of processes in order to get the results the align with the public interest.     

基于M-BEMT2.0研究串列海流发电机的水动力性能

海流发电机(MCT)是开发海洋可再生能源的重要装置。在预测海流发电机水动力性能方面,修正叶素动量理论(M-BEMT)方法被验证是一种简单有效的方法。为了进一步提高M-BEMT方法的适用性和准确性,基于M-BEMT方法开发M-BEMT2.0方法包括时均法(TA-BEMT2.0)和瞬态积分法(TI-BEMT2.0),新方法考虑了来流的轴向非均匀性和周向非均匀性。首先使用文献的试验结果验证均匀来流时新方法的适用性。然后使用计算流体力学(CFD)计算结果验证非均匀来流时新方法的适用性。最后结合新方法和CFD方法深入研究两个串列排布海流发电机(MCTA)的水动力性能。基于M-BEMT2.0研究发现,均匀来流时计算结果与试验结果基本吻合,非均匀来流时新方法的计算结果优于M-BEMT的计算结果。对于MCTA,当第一个MCT的叶尖速度比越大,第二个MCT功率比和推力比恢复到90%的距离越短。     

山东省近50年海洋气象灾害特征分析

本文通过大量的文献和资料查阅,系统的统计分析了近50a山东省沿海及责任海区海雾、风暴潮、风暴海浪、海冰等几种主要海洋气象灾害的海洋、气象及分布特征和灾害情况,进一步分析了它们的变化规律和产生原因,为海洋气象业务、服务、科研提供有益的参考。     

Comparison of vane shear and fall cone strengths of soft marine clay

A total of 1,014 measures of sediment shear strengths were measured by means of miniature vane shear and fall cone tests on five gravity cores collected in Eckernfo‐erde Bay, Baltic Sea. Paired t test was used to compare the shear strengths measured by the two methods. It was found that fall cone strength calculated with Wood's K₆₀value (0.29) overestimates the vane shear strength by 0.15 kPa (a = 0.001) and the sample mean of the fall cone strength is 4.1% higher than the mean of the vane shear strength. However, fall cone strength calculated with Hansbo's K₆₀ value (0.24) underestimates the vane shear strength by 0.88 kPa (a = 0.001), and the sample mean of the fall cone strength is 13.8% less than the mean of the vane shear strength. Both calculated fall cone strengths are significantly different from the vane shear strength, with a p value of less than 0.001. Regression analysis of the Echernfoerde Bay data indicates that a new K₆₀ value is 0.275 with a confidence interval (a = 0.01) from 0.2704 to 0.2786. Paired t test shows that there is no significant difference between miniature vane shear and fall cone tests for these samples if the fall cone strength is calculated with K₆₀ = 0.275.     

Introduction,preliminary handling,and diseases of grass carp in New Zealand

Fry of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.), were air‐freighted from Hong Kong to New Zealand in October 1971. The fish were at first kept in tanks with a recirculating water supply, where they soon showed symptoms of parasitic infestation and suffered heavy mortality.

Attempts were made to remove parasites with chemotherapeutic treatment. Tripartiella sp., Dactylogyrus ctenopharyngodonis, and Gyrodactylus clenopharyngodontis were eliminated by prolonged bathing of the infected fish with quinine. Chemical treatment failed to eliminate Ichthyophthirius mullifiliis from the body surface and the gills, but the rate of spontaneous recovery of the fish from this disease was accelerated by keeping them in clean, running water. Experiments to remove the cestode Bothriocephalus gowkongensis from the intestine of the fish with tetravalent tin compounds and to control the intermediate host (Cyclops) in the water resulted in the eradiction of the cestode.

When parasitic infestations had been brought under control the fish were transferred to outdoor ponds, where they began to feed on aquatic and terrestrial vegetation and rapidly increased in size.