LA-ICPMS Zircon U-Pb Dating for Three Indosinian Granitic Plutons from Central Hunan and Western Guangdong Provinces and Its Petrogenetic Implications

1 Introduction Much attention has been paid to the structure, magmatism and sedimentation associated with the Indosinian Orogeny within the South China Block (SCB) since Deprat (1914) and Fromagat (1932) proposed the term “Indosinian movement” based on two unconformities between pre-Norian and pre-Rhaetian times during the early Triassic in Vietnam. However, this timing has been debated in terms of the Indosinian tectonic evolution within the SCB (Guo et al., 1983; Hsü et al., 1990…     

河北平原地壳稳定性模糊数学综合评价

以河北平原主要断裂为纲,将河北平原分为5个1级待评区,以次1级构造为纲,将河北平原分为28个断裂带区、24居于不同断裂带之间的地块区,共计52个待评区。应用模糊数学方法对其进行综合定量化评价。评价结果表明,在河北平原共有11个相对不稳定区,20个相对较不稳定区,14个相对较稳定区,7个相对稳定区。     

采用GPS观测值进行三维形变分析的构想

在已知地表度量张量的基础上,给出了根据测站的GPS复测值计算地表形变张量、主方向、线应变、面应变、高斯曲率与平均曲率的有关公式,并着重对地表的内蕴与外蕴形变概念作了阐述,最后指出利用地表内蕴与外蕴形变量能较好地描述地表的三维形变。     

陆壳岩石化学结构建立方法探讨

根据既有岩石化学成分又有地震波速的实验岩石数据,讨论了影响岩石波速的主要因素和不同实验条件下地震波速与岩石成分之间的线性关系差异。选择常温、600MPa测定的数据建立了地震波速Vp与SiO2、石英、石英 长石、岩石分异指数DI的回归方程,并讨论了回归方程的适用范围。对这些方程进行验证表明它们能够用于地震波速推断深部物质成分。     

"中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库"项目成果介绍

本文详细介绍了“中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库”项目的立项背景、目标、所开展的主要工作、取得的成果、研究成果的社会效益和对该领域研究未来工作的展望。     

Geology and geochemistry of basaltic lava flows and dikes from the Trans-Koolau tunnel, Oahu, Hawaii

A 200-m section of Koolau basalt was sampled in the 1.6-km Trans-Koolau (T–K) tunnel. The section includes 126 aa and pahoehoe lava flows, five dikes and ten thin ash units. This volcanic section and the physical characteristics of the lava flows indicate derivation from the nearby northwest rift zone of the Koolau shield. The top of the section is inferred to be 500–600 m below the pre-erosional surface of the Koolau shield. Therefore, compared with previously studied Koolau lavas, this section provides a deeper, presumably older, sampling of the shield. Shield lavas from Koolau Volcano define a geochemical end-member for Hawaiian shields. Most of the tunnel lavas have the distinctive major and trace element abundance features (e.g. relatively high SiO₂ content and Zr/Nb abundance ratio) that characterize Koolau lavas. In addition, relative to the recent shield lavas erupted at Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, most Koolau lavas have lower abundances of Sc, Y and Yb at a given MgO content; this result is consistent with a more important role for residual garnet during the partial melting processes that created Koolau shield lavas. Koolau lavas with the strongest residual garnet signature have relatively high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os, ¹⁸O/¹⁶O, and low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd. These isotopic characteristics have been previously interpreted to reflect a source component of recycled oceanic crust that was recrystallized to garnet pyroxenite. This component also has high La/Nb and relatively low ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, geochemical characteristics which are attributed to ancient pelagic sediment in the recycled crust. Although most Koolau lavas define a geochemical endmember for Hawaiian shield lavas, there is considerable intrashield geochemical variability that is inferred to reflect source characteristics. The oldest T–K tunnel lava flow is an example. It has the lowest ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, Zr/Nb and La/Nb, and the highest ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio found in Koolau lavas. In most respects it is similar to lavas from Kilauea Volcano. Therefore, the geochemical characteristics of the Koolau shield, which define an end member for Hawaiian shields, reflect an important role for recycled oceanic crust, but the proportion of this crust in the source varied during growth of the Koolau shield. Received: 1 June 1998 / Accepted: 30 August 1998     

层状地壳的等效力学模量和分层应力

针对地球动力学研究中的板壳力学模型的分层问题,根据等效原则, 给出了用各分层弹性参数和厚度表示的中性面位置、折合抗弯刚度和等效弹性参数。结合实际地壳受横向和侧向力作用时产生的弯曲形变和应力,具体介绍了用这种折算模量的方法去求解地壳中的应力、应变状态, 并通过比较等效应力与各分层应力的差异, 阐明了岩石力学性质的不同对各圈层应力的影响作用。研究进一步表明,来自地壳深部的垂直向上的力是造成上部地壳伸展类构造的重要因素之一。     

Anomalies of geophysical field in deep crust and earthquakes in Central-South Shanxi

Comprehensive studies on the crustal structures, the anomalies of geophysical field and the seismicity in Central-South Shanxi are conducted. The research results show that there are deep tectonic background for occurring moderate earthquakes in Lingshi-Jiexiu region between Linfen and Taiyuan. From now on, the region should be attached closely.     

华南山字型构造体系的厘定及意义

华南山字型的前弧展布于中国大陆南缘和越南北部,南抵西沙纬向带北侧。西翼反射弧出现于念青唐古拉-伯舒拉岭及其南侧,东翼反射弧位于南黄海地区,沿弧形带以中、新生代岩浆岩和构造动力变质带的弧形展布为显著特色。它的脊柱在川、黔、滇、桂毗邻地区,以近SN向褶皱带为主体。华南山字型是印支期发生发展,燕山期成型和定型,喜马拉雅期仍有较强活动的构造体系。该体系的确定,对研究华南地质构造格架与矿产资源的形成和分布规律具有重要意义。实际上,它是特提斯构造域与太平洋构造域间的纽带.      

INDEPTH 与 INDEPTH-MT 项目简介

摘　 要　 介绍了 “国际喜马拉雅和西藏高原深剖面及综合研究” （简称 INDEPTH） 项目概况、 科学目标和已取得的主要科学成果。着重阐述了作为该项目组成部分的由中国地质大学 （北 京）、美国华盛顿大学 （西雅图）、加拿大地质调查局合作进行的 “国际喜马拉雅和西藏高原 深剖面探测的大地电磁研究” （简称 INDEPTH-MT） 的任务、科学目标和主要成果以及采用 的仪器设备、野外数据采集的方法和技术以及数据处理与反演方法所具有的特色和先进性。