从地洼成矿作用看中国某些优质锰矿的成因与远景

研究发现中国某些优质锰矿,属复成矿床,它们都是地洼成矿作用的产物。福建连城锰矿就是典型实例,类似矿床特别是复成风化锰矿,还见于闽西南-粤东北及湖南。滇东南一些锰矿,例如著名的斗南锰矿与白显锰矿的成因,也可能与地洼成矿作用有一定联系。分析对比了一些优质复成锰矿和一些较贫的复成锰矿的成矿地质条件。从地洼成矿作用可以看出中国某些优质锰矿的成因与远景。提出在中国东南地洼区、南北地洼区南端及云贵地洼区某些地方,寻找优质复成风化锰矿与复成菱锰矿—硫锰矿矿床是较有希望的。     

新疆奥尔托喀讷什锰矿含锰岩系地质特征及成矿条件分析

新疆阿克陶县奥尔托喀讷什地区锰矿在近年来取得重大找矿突破,目前该锰矿区已累计查明资源储量1206.74万吨,矿床平均品位37.82%。本文通过钻探、坑探和各类地质测量全面分析了奥尔托喀讷什地区的区域地质特征、赋矿地层及锰矿的矿床地质特征和成因。查明了区内地层层序,并确定上石炭统喀拉阿特河组第三岩性段（C2k3）是本区主要的含锰岩系,是锰矿体的主要赋存层位。探明了区内矿体的产出形态、规模、产状、矿石类型及结构构造,分析了区内锰矿形成的地质背景、成矿条件,并初步建立了奥尔托喀讷什锰矿的成矿模式,进而为该区找矿突破提供了理论支撑。     

福建地壳各岩类铜元素丰度及铜的矿源层（岩）讨论

根据福建省最新岩石测量成果得出的各岩类铜元素丰度,讨论和初步确定了福建铜的矿源层（岩）。提出可按照丰度值高低,铜的初始赋存状态与被解离的难易,有无矿床（点）及具找矿意义的异常产出这３项因素,进一步将矿源层（岩）划分为较可靠的、可能的和潜在的３个级别。     

下地壳及壳幔过渡带化学不均一性──河北汉诺坝地区深源捕虏体元素地球化学证据

河北汉诺坝玄武岩中长英质麻粒岩、镁铁质麻粒岩和辉石岩捕虏体的主量元素和微量元素特征,反映了下地壳及壳幔过渡带组成具有高度化学不均一性。不相容元素原始地幔标准化曲线特征的差异表明捕虏体成因复杂。MgO与不相容元素无或仅有很弱的相关性,与相容元素的相关性则相对较明显。这些特征反映了下地壳及壳幔过渡带存在较强和多元的混合作用。捕虏体的加权平均值比基于麻粒岩地体资料估算的下地壳平均组成偏基性,揭示了二者可能的成因差异。     

Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the Erguna massif basement,NE China – subduction history of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust

We present new geochronological and geochemical data for granites and volcanic rocks of the Erguna massif, NE China. These data are integrated with previous findings to better constrain the nature of the massif basement and to provide new insights into the subduction history of Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust and its closure. U–Pb dating of zircons from 12 granites previously mapped as Palaeoproterozoic and from three granites reported as Neoproterozoic yield exclusively Phanerozoic ages. These new ages, together with recently reported isotopic dates for the metamorphic and igneous basement rocks, as well as Nd–Hf crustal-residence ages, suggest that it is unlikely that pre-Mesoproterozoic basement exists in the Erguna massif. The geochronological and geochemical results are consistent with a three-stage subduction history of Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust beneath the Erguna massif, as follows. (1) The Erguna massif records a transition from Late Devonian A-type magmatism to Carboniferous adakitic magmatism. This indicates that southward subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust along the northern margin of the Erguna massif began in the Carboniferous. (2) Late Permian–Middle Triassic granitoids in the Erguna massif are distributed along the Mongol–Okhotsk suture zone and coeval magmatic rocks in the Xing’an terrane are scarce, suggesting that they are unlikely to have formed in association with the collision between the North China Craton and the Jiamusi–Mongolia block along the Solonker–Xra Moron–Changchun–Yanji suture zone. Instead, the apparent subduction-related signature of the granites and their proximity to the Mongol–Okhotsk suture zone suggest that they are related to southward subduction of Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic crust. (3) A conspicuous lack of magmatic activity during the Middle Jurassic marks an abrupt shift in magmatic style from Late Triassic–Early Jurassic normal and adakite-like calc-alkaline magmatism (pre-quiescent episode) to Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous A-type felsic magmatism (post-quiescent episode). Evidently a significant change in geodynamic processes took place during the Middle Jurassic. Late Triassic–Early Jurassic subduction-related signatures and adakitic affinities confirm the existence of subduction during this time. Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous post-collision magmatism constrains the timing of the final closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean involving collision between the Jiamusi–Mongolia block and the Siberian Craton to the Middle Jurassic.     

锰矿石中硅酸锰的分离和测定方法对比

文章对几种分离测量硅酸锰的方法进行了对比。指出硅酸锰测定失真的缘由。选择了浸取分离伴生铁矿物的浸取剂及浸取分离条件。     

华北大陆地壳─上地幔岩石学结构与演化

本文基于出露的前寒武纪变质岩系、中、新生代岩浆活动以及新生代玄武岩中上地幔包体的岩石学与地质压力计研究，结合地球物理测涤资料与高温高压下岩石中地震波传播速度的实验成果，提出了华北大陆三个地区（河北平原、太行－五台、鄂尔多斯）的地壳－上地幔岩石学结构，讨论了界面性质及其演化。在强调ｖ＿ｐ、ｖｂ、σ结构与岩石学结构共同约束的基础上，有效地识别了不同地区硅铝质陆壳在物质组成上的差异和上地幔低速层或矿物相转变等特征。本文提出壳－幔岩石学结构及其演化，密切地与陆壳主要形成时期的太古－早元古构造岩浆事件相关，又与显生宙构造岩浆事件对它的改造程度有关，壳－幔岩石学结构是我们追索大陆的构造性质及其演化的一个重要记录和科学依据。     

Faults in the Baikal region: morphostructural and structure-genetic features (case study of the Buguldeika fault junction)

Lineament analysis is applied to map the pattern of the Obruchev fault system in the Buguldeika Village area, where several fault zones (Olkhon, Primorsky, Prikhrebtovyi, Buguldeika, and Kurtun) make up a junction. As inferred from the predominant directions of genetically related lineaments, the Olkhon, Primorsky, and Prikhrebtovyi faults originated under NW-SE extension and compression. The extension and compression settings within these zones are reconstructed by analysis of lineaments that have prominent and poor geomorphic expression, respectively. However, the pattern of lineaments well expressed in the surface topography within a weakly deformed block corresponds to reverse slip, while that of poorly pronounced lineaments corresponds to left-lateral strike slip. The study confirms the idea that the latest extension (rifting) stage in the Baikal region reactivated fault zones but did not deform blocks. The blocks store record of residual deformation produced by previous settings of regional compression and shear. The obtained results agree with earlier tectonophysical analysis of faults and fractures in the area and prove the applicability of the suggested approach to map the fault patterns and reconstruct their respective stress settings in areas that underwent multiple deformation events of different ages.     

大兴安岭诺敏地区二叠纪花岗岩的地球化学特征及地质意义

大兴安岭诺敏地区大地构造位置位于兴蒙造山带的东段.该区发育大量的二叠纪花岗岩类岩石,岩性主要为二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩.岩石地球化学分析结果表明,该区岩体具有高硅,略富铝,偏碱,低镁、钠,贫钙的特征.微量元素表现出富集Rb、Th、K、Nd、Cs和亏损U、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等特点;稀土元素具有明显的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损和明显的负Eu异常特征.轻重稀土元素分馏程度较强.岩石总体上属于高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩.地球化学特征表明其应为S型花岗岩,可能为同源的地壳物质的部分熔融作用所形成,源岩可能为变杂砂岩和变中性火山岩.根据R1-R2与Rb-（Yb+Nb）、Rb-（Yb+Ta）等微量元素判别图解,结合该区所处的构造环境推测,该区花岗岩应形成于兴安地块与松嫩地块碰撞造山过程的后碰撞阶段.     

印尼古邦岛(KUPANG)卡菲默纳努(KEFAMENANU)千岛矿区 锰矿地质特征及成因探讨

印尼千岛锰矿贮存于白垩系上统砂岩、泥岩中,呈层状、似层状产出,具有层控特征,局部遭受断裂构造破坏。通过对矿区成矿地质条件分析,初步认为矿床属于海相碎屑沉积类型锰矿床,具有较好的找矿远景。