祁连党河南山北坡中-基性火山岩地质特征及时代

根据地质研究、区域对比，结合首次获得的Rb-Sr等时线年龄数据，从祁连党河南山(又称乌兰达坂山）北坡原中奥陶统地层中厘定出晚震旦纪中－基性火山岩系。根据这一新成果，认为该区中基性火山岩，斜长角闪岩基底以及侵入其中的扎子沟等花岗闪长岩岩基在大地构造分区上应划归中祁连地块；晚震旦纪该区无疑有过扩张、地壳减薄的地质事件，震旦纪晚期有过挤压闭合事件。     

南海鸢乌贼中型群雄性个体肌肉和性腺组织能量积累及其分配

利用组织能量密度测定技术和残差指标分析方法, 分析了南海鸢乌贼中型群雄性个体肌肉组织和性腺组织的能量积累及其分配变化过程。结果显示, 胴体、尾鳍、足腕、精荚复合体、精巢等组织的能量密度值分别为21.16±1.44、21.98±1.51、21.44±1.50、20.83±1.70和21.41±1.70kJ?g ^-1。胴体和精荚复合体两组织的能量密度在不同性腺成熟度之间均存在显著性差异, 而尾鳍、足腕、精巢等3种组织的能量密度则在不同性腺成熟度之间均没有统计学差异。个体总能量积累为299.31±90.81kJ; 随着个体生长, 总能量积累呈现增加的趋势。胴体、足腕和尾鳍等肌肉组织的能量占比为95.31%~98.04%, 随着性腺发育呈现降低的趋势; 精巢和精荚复合体等性腺组织的能量总投入占比为2.63%~5.33%, 随着性腺发育呈增加的趋势, 并在Ⅴ期达到最大值。同时, 残差指标分析显示, 胴体、尾鳍、足腕等肌肉组织能量积累-胴长残差与性腺组织能量积累-胴长残差呈显著的正相关关系, 表明个体性腺发育过程中肌肉组织能量没有转化用于性腺组织的生长发育, 其生殖能量投入倾向于外源性投入。初步掌握了南海鸢乌贼中型群雄性个体肌肉和性腺组织能量的积累变化过程, 为深入了解它们的繁殖策略和为可持续开发利用该种类资源提供了科学基础。     

Method for observation of deembedded sections of fish gonad by scanning electron microscopy

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｉｎｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｓｕｒｆａｃｅｏｆａｃｅｌｌｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ(ＳＥＭ)ａｎｄｔｈｅｆｒｅｅｚｅｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ .Ｅｘｐｏｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｅｌｌｓｕｒｆａｃｅｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｄｉｒｅｃｔａｐｐｒｏａｃｈ .Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ,ａｌｌｅｘｐｏｓｅｄｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓｃｕｔｏｐｅｎｄｕｒｉｎｇｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｇｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｖｉｅｗｅｄｂｙＳＥＭ (Ｒｕｓｓ…     

斗嫁蜮精子发生及雄性性腺组织学研究

采用石蜡切片法,对分布于粤西沿海的斗嫁蜮Cellana grata(Gould)的精子发生和雄性性腺的组织结构进行了研究。斗嫁蜮精子发生经历雄性性细胞的增殖、生长、成熟、变态等阶段.依据精子发生过程中生精细胞形态的变化,精子发生过程可分为精原细胞期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精细胞期和精子形成期等5期。雄性性腺组织主要由滤泡构成,滤泡为生殖细胞增殖、生长、成熟、变态的场所,滤泡腔中的精子经生殖输送管向外输送。显微观察与分析表明:(1)精子发生中,生长期不明显,初级精母细胞较精原细胞小;(2)生精细胞及核的大小随发育逐渐变小,核嗜碱性逐渐增强;(3)精子发生过程中的变态期长,易观察到变态过程中的不同形态的精细胞;(4)成熟精子为鞭毛型,头部短杆状,约0.5×(3~4)μm,尾部细长呈鞭毛状;(5)生长-成熟期的雄性性腺由形态较规则的(多边形)滤泡构成,滤泡界限清晰;(6)雄性滤泡壁由不同发育时期的生精细胞依次排列,较原始的生精细胞呈嗜酸性,靠近滤泡膜分布,而发育晚期的生精细胞呈嗜碱性,渐离滤泡膜分布,成熟精子群集并呈涡旋状分布于腔中;(7)成熟雄性性腺可伸入足部或肝组织中;在肝组织切片中,可观察到结构不同的4个级别的生殖输送管;8)斗嫁蜮雌雄异体,但存在雌雄同体、性转化现象。还对斗嫁蜮精子发生与成熟过程及雌雄同体的有关问题进行了探讨。     

泥蚶的性腺发育和生殖周期

根据生殖细胞发育的宏观和组织切片观察以及各期生殖细胞在滤泡中所占的比例，泥蚶的生殖腺发育过程分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期五个阶段。按肥满度的变化并结合性腺组织切片确定，泥蚶的性晚发育在青岛海区一年一个周期。繁殖期在７月上旬至８月下旬，繁殖盛期在７月中旬至８月中旬。至少有二次集中排放过程。     

褪黑激素对香港细首纽虫(Cephalothrix hongkongiensis)性腺发育的影响及羟基吲哚-O-甲基转移酶(HIOMT)的测定

本文研究了去头术和外源褪黑激素对香港细首纽虫(Cephalothrix hongkongiensis)性腺发育的影响,并对褪黑激素合成酶HIOMT进行了Western blot测定和免疫组织化学定位。结果表明,去除头部可快速诱导香港细首纽虫的性腺发育,处理40天后配子完全成熟,而对照组(完整个体)在整个实验过程中均未发现性腺。这说明香港细首纽虫头部具有抑制性腺发育的物质(激素)。外源褪黑激素对香港细首纽虫的性腺发育有显著的抑制作用,并且随着浓度的升高,抑制作用增强。Western bolt结果显示,在38k Da处有阳性条带;免疫组织化学定位发现,脑神经节的几个神经细胞有阳性反应,说明香港细首纽虫的脑神经节中存在HIOMT,具有合成褪黑激素的功能。     

Life strategies of Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in the Tagus estuary: Comparison among different morphotypes

The Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), is a subtropical sound-producing marine teleost that inhabits estuaries and other brackish water ecosystems in its northern distribution area. The relative isolation of populations within estuaries may cause important modifications in the bio-ecology of this species. The males of this species present two morphotypes which are more accurately distinguishable during the reproductive season. In the Tagus estuary population, the two types of reproductive males were present: type I, the “characteristic” morphotype, and type II, the alternative morphotype. The opportunistic males had more developed testis while type I males had more developed accessory glands. Type I males presented more developed swimbladders and larger body size and live longer than type II males. On the contrary, type II males grew faster and matured earlier. The feeding habits of the two male morphotypes were similar during the reproductive season but differences were found between reproductive specimens and non-reproductive specimens. The diet of reproductive specimens was mainly composed of benthic prey in contrast to predominance of nectobenthic prey in the diet of non-reproductive specimens. The females of H. didactylus generally had an intermediate pattern between the two male morphotypes. The percentage of type II males tended to be higher in denser areas of the estuary. In comparison with populations from different size ecosystems, smaller ecosystems revealed important modifications on the bio-ecology of the species due to the increased competition for nesting sites and mating partners, favouring alternative male tactics.     

Evalution on nutritive value ofPortunus trituberculatus

This study on the nutritive indexes (total nitrogen, amino acids, crude fats, inorganic elements, unsaturated fatty acids) of meat, male and female reproductive gland ofPortunus trituberculatus showed that their nutritive value is in the order meat>female reproductive gland>male reproductive gland and that they do not raise the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents of the serum of the animals which eat them but increase the contents of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the animal's blood. These findings implied that people who have high blood lipid and aortic atheroma can safely use them as food. This study showed thatP. trituberculatus has high nutritive value.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.     

池养乌苏里拟鲿雌雄鱼生长及周年性激素与性腺发育研究

乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)的种质资源保护和商品鱼养殖正在我国悄然兴起。本文首次研究了乌苏里拟鲿雌、雄鱼在池塘养殖条件下的生长规律以及性成熟鱼周年性腺发育与性激素变化特性。研究结果表明,乌苏里拟鲿随着年龄的增长,雌鱼和雄鱼之间的体质量、体长差异逐渐明显,雌鱼体长与体质量的关系式为:W=0.182 5L1.964 6(R2=0.944 5);雄鱼体长与体质量的关系式为:W=0.188 1L2.0059(R2=0.961 8)。在12月份(2龄鱼)至翌年10月份(3龄鱼)期间,雌、雄鱼丰满度呈下降趋势,成熟度、血清雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)水平均呈先升高后下降的变化规律。雌鱼的E2和T在5月份达到最高值,分别为(1 624.23±331.4)pg/mL和(1 320.85±279.12)pg/mL;雄鱼的E2在5月份达到最高值(323.17±147.36)pg/mL,而T的最高值则出现在4月份,为(758.33±100.47)pg/mL。雌、雄鱼性腺发育和成熟度基本同步,从外观和组织学观察对性腺的分期显示,2龄乌苏里拟鲿在12月份的精巢和卵巢已发育至第Ⅲ期,在次年6月份均达到第Ⅴ期。