藏南地区金和锑矿床(点)类型及其时空分布特征

本文首次对藏南地区金和锑矿床(点)地质特征、成因类型和空间分布特点进行了总结，对金和锑成矿作用与中新生代构造一岩浆活动的关系进行了论证，对区域地壳演化过程中金和锑成矿动力学机制进行了讨论。该区的金和锑矿床(点)可按容矿围岩划分为：①变质岩为主要容矿围岩矿床(点)，包括金和金一锑矿床(点)；②沉积岩为主要容矿围岩矿床(点)，包括金、锑、金一锑和锑多金属矿床(点)；③火山岩为主要容矿围岩矿床(点)，以金一银矿床为代表。根据金和锑矿床(点)空间分布特点和地质特点，将本区划分为4个矿化集中区：拉昂错一马攸木一帕羊金矿化集中区(A)，然勒金和锑矿化集中区(B)，洛扎一措美锑矿化集中区(C)和邛多江金一锑矿化集中区(D)。各矿化集中区内大多数金和锑矿床(点)与燕山晚期～喜马拉雅早期富碱火成岩具密切时空分布关系，它们是古板块对接碰撞期和碰撞期后大规模构造一岩浆活动的产物。近东西向挤压性和南北向张性断裂交汇部位以及富碱火成岩发育区是寻找金和锑矿床(点)的有利场所。     

Relict sand dredging for beach nourishment in the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy): effects on benthic assemblages

The aim of this study is to analyse the effects in space and time of relict sand-dredging activities on macrobenthic assemblages, in an area situated offshore Montalto di Castro (central Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), and to analyse the recolonisation processes of macrobenthos in the dredged areas. The area in question is characterised by relict sand deposits (Holocenic paleo-beaches), used for beach nourishment along the Latium coast. The effects of sand extraction on benthic assemblages were investigated before, during and after three dredging operations. The sites analysed are located within the dredged areas (inside stations) and in neighbouring, not dredged, areas (outside stations). The results showed that the impact of sand extraction was confined to the dredged stations and to the areas in proximity to the dredged areas. During dredging activities, the structure of benthic assemblages within the impacted stations was characterised by low species richness and diversity. Both the direct removal of sediment and the re-suspension and consequent deposition of fine sediment affected benthic assemblages of the impacted stations. A few months after the dredgings, a recolonisation process was still observed at all the impacted stations. A gradual recolonisation process was observed at those stations affected by only one dredging, whereas a different recolonisation was observed at those stations affected by two dredgings over time. This study suggests that differences of re-colonisation processes of benthic assemblages are related to the intensity of dredging operations in terms of dredging frequency.     

华南红树林海岸生物地貌过程研究

红树林生物地貌过程是全球变化海岸带陆海相互作用研究重点内容之一。本文以海南东寨港林市村,广东廉江高桥镇凤地村和车板镇那腮村以及广东深圳福田和锦绣中华3个半定位试验区有关红树林群落结构、潮汐动力、沉积特征和地貌特征的调查资料为基础,探讨红树林生物地貌过程的生物学基础,沉积地貌表现,红树林生态系对人类活动和海平面上升的响应。     

Low-pressure evolution of arc magmas in thickened crust: The San Pedro–Linzor volcanic chain,Central Andes,Northern Chile

Magmatism at Andean Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ), or Central Andes, is strongly influenced by differentiation and assimilation at high pressures that occurred at lower levels of the thick continental crust. This is typically shown by high light to heavy rare earth element ratios (LREE/HREE) of the erupted lavas at this volcanic zone. Increase of these ratios with time is interpreted as a change to magma evolution in the presence of garnet during evolution of Central Andes. Such geochemical signals could be introduced into the magmas be high-pressure fractionation with garnet on the liquidus and/or assimilation from crustal rocks with a garnet-bearing residue. However, lavas erupted at San Pedro–Linzor volcanic chain show no evidence of garnet fractionation in their trace element patterns. This volcanic chain is located in the active volcanic arc, between 22°00^′S and 22°30^′S, over a continental crust ∼70 km thick. Sampled lavas show Sr/Y and Sm/Yb ratios <40 and <4.0, respectively, which is significantly lower than for most other lavas of recent volcanoes in the Central Andes. In addition, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios from San Pedro–Linzor lava flows vary between 0.7063 and 0.7094. This is at the upper range, and even higher than those observed at other recent Central Andean volcanic rocks (<0.708). The area in which the San Pedro–Linzor volcanic chain is located is constituted by a felsic, Proterozoic upper crust, and a thin mafic lower crustal section (<25 km). Also, the NW–SE orientation of the volcanic chain is distinctive with respect to the N–S orientation of Central Andean volcanic front in northern Chile. We relate our geochemical observations to shallow crustal evolution of primitive magmas involving a high degree of assimilation of upper continental crust. We emphasize that low pressure AFC- (Assimilation Fractional Crystallization) type evolution of the San Pedro–Linzor volcanic chain reflects storage, fractionation, and contamination of mantle-derived magmas at the upper felsic crust (<40 km depth). The ascent of mantle-derived magmas to mid-crustal levels is related with the extensional regime that has existed in this zone of arc-front offset since Late-Miocene age, and the relatively thin portion of mafic lower crust observed below the volcanic chain.     

河南方城大庄铌-稀土矿床碱性正长岩成矿机理研究

【研究目的】河南方城大庄是新探明的中型铌-稀土矿床（Nb₂O₃资源量16245 t;伴生TRE₂O₃资源量30147 t）,矿体主要赋存在碱性正长岩内。【研究方法】本文在野外地质调查基础上,对含矿碱性正长岩与无矿碱性正长岩开展了岩石学、岩相学和地球化学的对比研究。【研究结果】研究结果表明,含矿与无矿碱性正长岩均富碱、富铝,为典型的A型花岗岩,两类岩石的碱金属含量无明显差别,但（Na₂O+K₂O）/CaO、FeO^*/MgO、K₂O/MgO等参数明显不同。含矿碱性正长岩高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ce、U、Th、Zr、Y明显富集,Ba、Sr、P、Eu明显亏损;无矿碱性正长岩大离子亲石元素Rb、高场强元素Nb、Ta、Y和Th元素明显富集,而Ba、U、Sr、P、Ti和重稀土元素明显亏损,但亏损程度低于含矿碱性正长岩。【结论】方城大庄含矿碱性正长岩不是无矿碱性正长岩热液蚀变（钠长石化）的结果,二者应是同一岩浆体系不同演化阶段溶体固结的产物,含矿碱性正长岩的分异演化程度明显高于无矿化的碱性正长岩。方城大庄稀有稀土元素的富集与岩浆高演化、分异过程密切相关。这一研究可为区域找矿勘查提供一定的地质依据。创新点：岩石学和地球化学对比研究显示大庄Nb-REE矿中含矿碱性正长岩具有比无矿岩体更高的演化程度,表明成矿元素的富集与岩浆高分异演化密切相关,为找矿勘查提供了一定的岩石学证据。     

中酸性侵入岩氧化钾平面分布规律及其与地壳厚度的关系

燕山地区中生代陆内造山作用强烈，形成数百个中生代中酸性侵入体。本区侵入岩的氧化钾分布具有南北分区、东西分带的特征。燕山北区中酸性侵入岩Ｋ２Ｏ含量普遍较高，平均为５．０％，而燕山南区中酸性侵性岩Ｋ２Ｏ含量平均为４．０％，统计分析表明，燕山陆内造山带中生代中酸性侵入岩氧化钾与地壳厚度呈线性相关，；地壳厚度是决定燕山地区中生代侵入岩氧化钾空间分布的主要因素，与板块边缘岛弧带火山岩氧化钾空间分布的主要制药     

晚古生代泛大陆聚合过程中板块碰撞的运动学分析

本文基于古板块再造方法,通过收集和筛选全球晚古生代古地磁数据,恢复再造泛大陆的构造格局及其聚合过程。晚古生代,全球板块的运动轨迹表明,全球板块整体以顺时针旋转的方式运动,聚合形成泛大陆。通过分析单个板块的运动学特征以及不同板块间的相对运动,表明在泛大陆聚合过程中,至少出现四种碰撞方式：① 追尾式碰撞：不同板块在同向运动过程中,板块运动速度存在差异,如前方板块速度慢于后方板块,则会造成其间洋盆逐渐收敛—关闭,如莱茵洋（海西造山带）、索伦洋（索伦山造山带）等。 ② 侧向式碰撞：两个板块运动轨迹大角度交叉,发生侧向碰撞,如波罗的板块向北运动过程中与向东北运动的西伯利亚板块碰撞,造成乌拉尔洋盆闭合,形成狭长的造山带。③ 错车式碰撞：两个板块,同向或者相向交错运动,在其侧翼发生走滑—斜向式聚合。如塔里木和华北板块转动方向相反,在侧翼斜向对接,以洋盆属性不明和走滑断层系发育为特征。④ 拥堵式碰撞：多个大板块之间汇聚区域的小陆块和地体发生多边汇聚,广泛出现岛弧增生和残余洋盆,如中亚造山带。     

Simulation Experiments of Land Surface Physical Processes and Ecological Effect over Different Underlying Surface

Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth‘s surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas...     

Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years

1 Introduction Arable land is the core of land resources and its dynamic change seriously affects regional sustainable development. Hebei Province, with a large population, is an agricultural province. With the highspeed economic development, population growth and urbanization, a great amount of arable land has been lost and the land shortage has become more serious. Therefore, arable land change and its driving forces should be studied in order to realize the sustainable agricultural develo…     

中国北方沙漠化的若干问题

随着经济、社会的发展,沙漠化问题对自然环境和社会发展的影响愈来愈深刻,已得到国际社会的普遍重视,作为沙漠化问题极其严重的国家,我国在对沙漠化的认识及治理上,经过多年工作取得了一些成就.本文根据已有的经验和研究成果,就中国北方沙漠化的成因、发展过程、灾害评价及防治机理等方面做一简单探讨,以便为今后更好地开展沙漠化研究工作起一定的参考作用.