Benthic re-colonization in post-dredging pits in the Puck Bay (Southern Baltic Sea)

The stage of benthic re-colonization at a site formed by sand extraction was investigated some 10 years after the cessation of dredging. The examined post-dredging pit is one of five deep (up to 14 m) pits created with a static suction hopper on the sandy, flat and shallow (1–2 m) part of the inner Puck Bay (the southern Baltic Sea). The topography of the dredged area makes a specific trap for different kinds of organic matter. It is created by the small areas of post-dredging pits as compared to their depths. As a result, organic matter accumulation leads to anaerobic conditions and hydrogen sulfide formation. Macrofauna was not found to occur permanently in the deepest part (11 m) of the cup-shaped depression, which was characterized by its small area (0.2 km²) and steep walls. However, permanent occurrence of meiofauna (max. 180 ind. 10 cm⁻², mainly Nematoda) was noted. Undoubtedly, re-colonization of benthic fauna assemblages, typical of shallow and sandy seabed of the Puck Bay, will not follow in a natural way in the area of post-dredging pits. Also, it could not be expected that the re-colonization sequence would result in the formation of a structure similar to that of the natural depression (the Kuźnica Hollow).     

应用底栖动物完整性指数评价上海市河流健康

据2011-2013年对上海市31条河流底栖动物的调查结果,对31个生物参数进行分布范围、判别能力以及相关性等进行分析,确定构建上海市河流底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)的4个参数:(寡毛类动物+蛭纲)数量百分比、耐污类群分类单元数、双翅目数量百分比和集食者分类单元数百分比.采用比值法统一量纲,将各个生物参数分值加和得到上海市河流B-IBI值.利用构建的B-IBI对上海市31条河流健康状况进行评价,结果表明:31条河流中,有4条河流处于健康状态,8条河流处于亚健康状态,9条河流处于一般状态,8条河流处于较差状态,2条河流处于极差状态;远郊河流健康状态最好,近郊次之,市区最差.     

Recolonization patterns of benthic assemblages after relict sand dredging in the central Tyrrhenian sea

Recolonization patterns of benthic assemblages after relict sand dredging were investigated in an area offshore of Capo d’Anzio (central Tyrrhenian Sea). Surveys were performed before, during, and after dredging in 2007. Sampling stations were located within and outside the dredging site in water depths between 40 and 56 m. Defaunation due to sand extraction was the main impact observed in the inner stations and in stations located in proximity of the dredging site. At the inner stations, 9 months after dredging, a significant increase in species richness and diversity was observed: the sediment removal led to an increase of the sandy sediment fraction, favouring the settlement of sabulicolous species. A decrease in number of individuals and species was also observed in most of the outer stations, probably due to fine sediment redeposition. Recolonization of macrobenthic assemblages was essentially achieved at inner stations both in terms of abundance and species richness, while at outer stations it was still in progress. Results of this study, providing a picture of recovery times and processes in the Tyrrhenian Sea, could be used to develop predictions of the effects of future offshore sand dredging projects in comparable areas. Monitoring programs and research have a key role to provide a more detailed overview of biological recovery processes and times in different regions and with different dredging intensity.     

河北昌黎生态监控区8月份大型底栖动物多样性研究

根据2011-2013年每年8月昌黎生态监控区大型底栖动物监测数据,以Simpson优势度为指标分析了研究区大型底栖动物的物种组成及群落结构年际变化。运用物种多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J)、丰富度指数(dMa)深入探究了监控区底栖动物的多样性变化趋势。研究结果显示:1)多毛类、甲壳类、软体类动物是该海域大型底栖动物的主要类群;2)2011-08监控区平均密度为43个/m2,平均生物量为3.14g/m2;2012-08监控区平均密度为41个/m2,平均生物量为3.21g/m2;2013-08监控区平均密度为28.74个/m2,平均生物量为7.72g/m2;3)2013年监控区19个站位多样性指标均值远高于前两年;4)2011-08监控区第一优势种为绒毛细足蟹其Y值为0.029 4;2012-08监控区第一优势种为裸盲蟹其Y值为0.007 3;2013-08监控区第一优势种为长吻沙蚕其Y值为0.007 0。     

黄河口大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的耦合分析

为探究复杂环境下的河口大型底栖生物群落结构特征,研究了黄河口及其毗邻海域内14个站位的底栖生物群落结构及其与主要环境因子的耦合关系。研究结果表明调查海域底栖生物群落组成和结构的空间异质性较高。底栖生物优势度不明显,优势物种集中于河口附近站位。生物多样性随离河口距离增加而增加,物种丰富度和生物多样性指数等的高值区均出现在远离河口的渤海湾和渤海中部站位,低值区位于近河口站位。对底栖生物群落的非参数多维排序(nMDS)和等级聚类分析显示,底栖生物群落结构相似性较低。丰度/生物量曲线(ABC曲线)分析显示,黄河口底栖生物群落整体上处于稳定状态,但近河口和莱州湾中西部站位受到干扰影响,群落结构不稳定。研究还表明生物量大的底栖生物(软体动物)倾向于向重金属含量较高的站位聚集。综合沉积物化学、预测毒性和底栖生物群落结构变化的评价结果可知,远离黄河口的沉积物环境质量普遍较好,而河口附近的沉积物环境质量较差。     

黄河口海域2004-2009年春季大型底栖动物群落的时空变化

根据 2004年-2009年春季6个航次共186个站次的黄河口附近海域生态调查资料,对该海域的大型底栖动物进行了群落特征分析。调查共采集到大型底栖动物153种,生物量变化范围为6.31~13.20 g/m2,丰度的变化范围为44~902 ind./m2。优势种类历年变化较大,出现频率较高的优势种类为纵沟纽虫、细长涟虫、寡节甘吻沙蚕和绒毛细足蟹;调查区域内丰富度指数及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数历年来呈下降的趋势。聚类结果显示,调查区域大致可分为近岸和远岸2个底栖动物群落。分析表明,水深、底质的中值粒径和海水盐度是影响底栖生物群落结构变化的主要因素。     

Keeping things in order: multivariate direct gradient analysis of a strongly fluctuating benthic community

Two spatial surveys of the macrobenthos of an estuarine intertidal area, the Oosterschelde in the southwestern part of The Netherlands, were conducted in different years. In the period between the surveys changes in the hydrodynamics of the estuary took place as a result of the construction of a storm-surge barrier. The works reduced the tidal volume in the basin and as a consequence the altitude of the tidal flats decreased by approximately 0.1 to 0.2 m. Considerable differences in species densities were found between the two surveys, but these large differences could not be explained by changes in the ‘spatial' environmental variables (such as altitude) that were taken into account in a direct gradient analysis. Unknown and ‘only-to-time-related' (e.g. weather-related) factors had considerably influenced species abundance. This implies that the impact of the works on the macrobenthos could not be evaluated on the basis of observed species densities in the before- and after-the-works surveys. Generally, it implies that even if the levels of future ‘spatial' environmental variables are known, direct gradient analysis based on a single survey cannot be used for prediction of future densities in absolute terms in such strongly fluctuating communities. Yet, the gradient analyses for the two years revealed rather similar estimates of the major environmental gradients. The same was true for the parameters that described the relative change in species densities in response to a change in the environmental gradient levels. Hence the most appropriate way of evaluating the changes that have occurred in the benthic community as a result of the works was in terms of the observed changes in the ‘spatial' environmental gradient levels. The levels of the first environmental gradient, which was strongly related to the sediment structure, did not change between years. Levels of the second gradient, which could be interpreted as a tidal zone gradient, decreased. This suggests that the works particularly affected taxa that are strongly related to this second gradient, such as Corophium living in the upper tidal areas and Nephthys living in the lower tidal zone.     

外来物种沙筛贝对厦门马銮湾大型底栖动物的影响

沙筛贝(Mytilopsis sallei)属于软体动物门(Mollusca)双壳纲(Bivalvia)帘蛤目(Veneroida)饰贝科(Dreissenidae),也称萨氏仿贻贝.20世纪90年代初作为鱼虾饵料被引到厦门马銮湾,逐渐成为附着生物的优势种,严重影响贝类养殖.在厦门马銮湾水域设计挂板实验和采集沉积物中大型底栖动物,获得了外来物种沙筛贝与其他大型底栖动物的时空分布数据.SPSS统计软件回归分析表明,沙筛贝与网纹藤壶(Balanus reticulatus)在挂板的垂直分布上呈负相关,沙筛贝高密度(大于105个/m2)时能导致网纹藤壶死亡,其主要原因是沙筛贝附着在网纹藤壶壳壁上,抢夺网纹藤壶食物而导致其饿死.无论是在挂板上还是在沉积物中,小头虫(Capitella capitata)、凿贝才女虫(Polydoraciliata)的数量有随沙筛贝数量增加而增加的趋势,这是因为成团的沙筛贝有利于小头虫和凿贝才女虫的栖息.