象山港网箱养鱼区大型底栖生物生态特征

通过2000年象山港网箱养鱼区和邻近对照区的4季采样,对该区大型底栖生物进行了分析研究,共鉴定出大型底栖生物41种,网箱养鱼区周边种类39种,对照区9种,约占象山港总种数的58%,网箱养鱼区周边生物量和密度(91.92g/m2和114.96个/m2)明显高于对照区(10.61g/m2和48个/m2).在网箱养鱼区周边沉积物中主要因子均高于对照区,其中硫化物高出4倍多,在网箱养鱼区周边硫化物较低的站位生物量较高,而在网箱养鱼区中央沉积物年均累积速率约25cm,已成黑色并有浓烈异味,未见大型底栖生物分布.     

Spatial and seasonal distribution of intertidal macrobenthos with their biomass and functional feeding guilds in the Naf River estuary,Bangladesh

The Naf River estuary is one of the most productive ecological ecosystems in Bangladesh providing an important feeding area for fishes and other aquatic animals.However,detailed information on macrobenthic communities is rarely available in this area.Our study focused on the seasonal and spatial variability of macrobenthic community structure with their biomass and functional guilds.In total,fortyseven taxa were identified under nine major groups and seven functional feeding guilds.Among macrobenthic taxa,Polychaeta was dominant in both seasons and all over the estuary contributing 60%of total benthos.The mean abundance of macrobenthos was higher during the pre-monsoon(2 972±1 994 inds./m^2)than the monsoon(1 572±361 inds./m^2)being maximum at mid-estuary region and minimum at upper and lower estuary regions.Of the diversity indices,density(P=0.01,P=0.003),the number of taxa(P=0.000 3,P=0.000 9)and Margalef′s Index(P=0.000 4,P=0.001)of macrobenthos were significantly different among stations and seasons.Shannon-Weiner index(P=0.009,P=0.12)and Pielou’s evenness index(P=0.03,P=0.14)had significant differences among stations but not among seasons.Cluster analysis suggested that distribution of macrofauna is strongly influenced by seasonality.Among the feeding types,carnivorous were found to be dominant at the upper and mid-estuarine regions,and herbivorous were at lower estuarine regions.Carnivorous species were dominant in both seasons.Omnivores have shown to be the most abundant feeding type in terms of biomass though herbivores were highest during monsoon.     

上海世博园后滩湿地大型底栖动物群落特征与环境分析

上海世博园后滩湿地是中国2010年上海世界博览会规划区的重点建设项目。对世博园后滩湿地潮间带底栖动物群落特征与生物多样性进行了春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的调查研究,并对该湿地水体污染状况及影响底栖动物分布的因素进行分析与评估。结果表明:世博园后滩湿地底栖动物主要由环节动物、软体动物、节肢动物与纽形动物组成,共计18种;物种数在夏季最丰富,春季次之,冬季物种数最少,其中A断面物种数大于B断面;群落生活类群面上生活类群(GS)/面下生活类群(GSB)在冬季最大,春季次之,秋季群落生活类群GS/GSB最小,其中B断面群落生活类群GS/GSB大于A断面;底栖动物群落的Margalef物种丰富度指数(d)在夏季最大,春季次之,冬季丰富度指数最小;Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)在夏季最大,春季次之,秋季最小;Pielou均匀度指数(J)为:冬季最大,夏季次之,秋季最小;Simpson优势度指数(D)为:秋季最大,春季次之,夏季最小;采用寡毛生物指数值和生物多样性指数对该湿地水体污染状况进行了评价,该园区水质污染程度为中度污染。     

Macrobenthic community structure in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters in summer

On the basis of data collected in the summer of 2006 from 27 sampling stations in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters, the ecological characteristics of macrobenthos and the relationship between the macrobenthos and the environmental factors were studied using hierarchical cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS).The biomass, abundance, Shannon-Wiener's and Margalef's indices of the macrobenthos were presented. The results showed that a total of 253 macrobenthic species were found in the research region, and most of them belong to mollusks and polychaetes. The dominant species were Cossurella dimorpha, Eocylichna cylindrella, Episiphon kiaochowwanense, Nassarius semiplicatus, Ocstergrenia variabilis and Sternaspis scutata. The average abundance of the macrobenthos was (313.15±233.4) ind./m2, and the average biomass was (15.2±11.2)g/m2.The distribution patterns of the abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos were similar. The abundance and biomass in the area close to the estuary were lower than those from the area more distant to the estuary; the central part of the research region had higher abundance and biomass than other parts of the research region. In accordance with the results, four macrobenthic communities with distinct spatial differences were identified. The low abundance and biomass in the area close to the estuary should be caused by the high sedimentation rate. The statistical analysis indicated that the depth is the most important factor affecting the distribution of macrobenthos.     

烟台牟平海洋牧场夏季大型底栖动物群落特征

为明确烟台牟平海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落特征、影响因子及低氧对该区域底栖动物群落特征的影响,于2015年6月和8月分两个航次在该区域分别设置相同的18个采样点进行大型底栖动物群落特征调查和分析。对采集的生物样品进行群落特征分析,使用生物统计软件PRIMER计算优势度指数(Y)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(J),并进行等级聚类(CLUSTER)和非度量多维标度法(MDS)分析以及azti’s marine biotic index(AMBI)和multivariate-AMBI(m-AMBI)分析。其中6月航次共采集和鉴定大型底栖动物97种,优势类群为多毛类。总平均生物量达到10.64 g/m2,甲壳类贡献率最高;8月航次共采集和鉴定大型底栖动物78种,多毛类是优势类群。总平均生物量达到9.28 g/m2,多毛类贡献率最高。6月份的H',D,J分别为3.071±0.773、2.782±0.778和0.622±0.143;8月份分别为3.192±0.369、2.730±0.510和0.751±0.076。通过CLUSTER聚类和MDS标序发现,6月份和8月份底栖动物物种组成之间存在显著差异。环境因子与大型底栖动物丰度和生物量关系较大,其中最能解释该群落丰度和生物量的环境因子为水深、水温、浊度,而溶解氧是造成6月份与8月份丰度和生物量较大差异的主要因素。AMBI和m-AMBI分析表明该区域部分采样点大型底栖动物物种组成以污染耐受种为主,底栖生态健康不佳。烟台牟平海洋牧场8月份季节性的缺氧环境,已在短期内影响了底栖动物的物种组成。     

三沙湾互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响

为探讨互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)入侵对三沙湾光滩、红树林湿地的生态影响,分别于2013年10月和2014年9月在三沙湾选择了2条互花米草断面、2条红树林断面和1条光滩进行底栖生物生态调查,分析了大型底栖动物群落分布的时空差异、底栖动物与环境因子之间的关系。经鉴定,该调查海域大型底栖动物共68种,隶属于7门40科,其中短拟沼螺(Assiminea brevicula)为互花米草区优势物种;宁波泥蟹(Ilyoplaxningpoensis)为光滩的优势物种;巴林虫(Barantollasp.)为红树林区优势物种。对各生境大型底栖动物物种数、生物量和栖息密度组成进行双因素无重复方差分析(two-way ANOVA),结果显示不同生境大型底栖动物物种数差异极显著(P<0.01),互花米草入侵红树林后,大型底栖动物物种数稍有下降,但是互花米草入侵光滩后,大型底栖动物物种数有所增加;不同生境大型底栖动物生物量差异极显著(P<0.01),栖息密度差异不显著(P>0.05)。利用大型底栖动物的ABC曲线分析群落结构的稳定性,显示光滩群落结构稳定,互花米草入侵...     

Assessing the response of sandy-beach macrobenthos to recreation and the ecological status of the beach ecosystem at Liandao,China

Sandy beaches, prime recreational assets that attract more people than other types of shorelines, are the main assets underpinning many coastal economies and developments. However, the intense stressors to the ecology of sandy beaches caused by recreational activities are generally underestimated or ignored. This study was the first to emphasize the ecological characteristics of recreational beaches in China and assess the response of macrobenthos at Liandao Beach, a typical sandy beach in the central part of China. Using the Before/During/After/Control/Impact (BDACI) method, differences in multiple variables (species richness, mean density, diversity) between a heavily recreationally impacted transect (TrH/Impact) and a less-impacted transect (TrL/Control) in different impact periods (Before, During & After) were applied to assess the response of sandy-beach macrobenthos to recreation and tourism. Meanwhile, a comparison between the macrobenthos conditions of the studied beach and reference conditions calculating from historical data of similar beaches with little recreation and tourism disturbances was carried out. Furthermore, the quality control chart approach was used to detect in detail the macrobenthos stable state and yearly response to recreational activities. The results showed that recreation and tourism posed a serious threat to the beach ecosystem; macrobenthos on the studied beach were seriously disturbed by recreational activities, and their variations were highly negatively related to the human recreational level. After monthly recreational impacts, the macrobenthos decreased sharply and recovered with difficulty during 1 year. Over the long-term, the macrobenthos had a sharp decreasing trend, which indicated that the ecological environment of the beach was highly disturbed. Conservation measures for recreational beaches are very challenging because of the economic value and popularity of sandy beaches as recreational sites. However, practicable conservation measures could be implemented that prevent or slow ecological degradation. A number of management and conservation suggestions are put forward, such as the establishment of the ecological carrying capacity of Liandao Beach in terms of direct recreational use, creation of themed exhibitions related to the beach macrobenthos and beach ecosystem and dissemination of this knowledge to visitors, implementation of spatial zoning of beach use, visitor management and environmental education.     

莱州湾沉积物粒度与大型底栖生物群落关系的初步分析

依据2019年8月份莱州湾表层沉积物及大型底栖生物资料,分析了沉积物粒度分布特征及对底栖生物群落分布的影响.结果 显示,莱州湾沉积物分为砂质粉砂、粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂4种类型,以砂质粉砂为主,中值粒径平均58.96 μm;共采集大型底栖生物7门113种,主要种类为环节动物和软体动物.不同粒度的沉积物中大型底栖生物种类、密...     

辽河口潮间带大型底栖动物摄食功能群特征研究

2020年对辽河口潮间带7条断面46个站位开展了春、秋两季大型底栖动物调查,并进行摄食功能群划分,研究了其潮间带大型底栖动物摄食功能群的组成及特征。共发现46种大型底栖动物,以软体动物、环节动物和节肢动物为主。肉食者功能群种类数最多,且主要为环节动物类群;浮游生物食者功能群则在丰度及生物量方面占优势地位,且主要为软体动物类群。大型底栖动物各摄食功能群丰度及生物量(除肉食者外)均表现出春季高于秋季,且在断面间无显著性差异,但浮游生物食者在靠近辽河入海口的断面(B和C断面)占据绝对优势。双因素方差分析显示,各摄食功能群的种类数、丰度和生物量在季节变化上均无显著差异。本研究结果有助于揭示辽河口潮间带大型底栖动物摄食功能群的变化规律,并为生物资源保护和修复提供基础数据。