Tyrosinase, a new innate humoral immune parameter in large yellow croaker （Pseudosciaena crocea R）

We evaluated the immune response to infection with a pathogen in large yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson).The fish were given an intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus or sterile sea water(control).We collected blood sera from the fish 0.17,1,2,4,8,12,or 16 d after injection(dpi).We measured tyrosinase activity and the concentrations of lysozyme,NOS,and antibodies.Serum tyrosinase activity was significantly higher at 0.17 and 4 dpi than in the control group,and peaked at 8 d...     

感染嗜水气单胞菌对鲫鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响

嗜水气单胞菌是淡水鱼流行性败血症的主要致病菌.文中通过试验用鲫鱼腹腔注射嗜水气单胞菌,在其染菌后不同时间取血,通过白细胞数量、NBT阳性细胞数量以及血清溶菌酶活力的变化趋势来研究感染病原菌对鱼类非特异性免疫功能的影响.结果表明,在鲫鱼感染嗜水气单胞菌后前3d内,白细胞数量、NBT阳性细胞数量以及血清溶菌酶活力依感染浓度不同,呈现先增加后降低的趋势.说明嗜水气单胞菌与鲫鱼非特异性免疫功能之间呈现一定的时间效应和浓度依赖性.     

盐度对牙鲆非特异性免疫功能的影响

实验以健康牙鲆成鱼为研究对象，分别饲养于盐度为40，30(对照组)，20的海水中，以牙鲆血清的凝血活性、溶菌酶含量以及补体因子C3含量为指标，研究盐度对牙鲆非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果表明，盐度增加或降低3d后血清凝血活性升高4倍，并一直保持至12d不变；溶菌酶含量先是升高，在第5天达到高峰后又逐渐降低，至第12天的含量反而略低于对照组；C3的含量在第一天取样时就比对照组有了很大的增长，随后逐渐下降，在第7天后恢复正常。盐度变化导致牙鲆非特异性免疫因子变化，说明在养殖生产中维持稳定环境极为重要。     

Inhibition of sulphate reduction in anoxic marine sediment by Group VI anions

The addition of various concentrations (1, 10 and 20 mM) of Group VI anions to sediment slurry resulted in inhibition of the rate of sulphate reduction at the two higher concentrations, the degree of inhibition being in the order of molyb-date $\text{(MoO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{=}}\text{)>selenate(SeO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{=}}\text{)>tungstate(WO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{=}}\text{)}$. The addition of 20 mM concentrations of these inhibitors almost entirely eliminated sulphate reduction. Doubling the sulphate concentration while using the highest concentration of inhibitors (20 mM) led to the re-establishment of some sulphate reduction in the $\text{SeO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{=}}$ and $\text{WO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{=}}$ treated slurries whereas no such reversal was noticed with $\text{MoO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{=}}$. These observations suggested that $\text{SeO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{=}}$ and $\text{WO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{=}}$ are competitive inhibitors of sulphate reduction, while $\text{MoO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{=}}$ is a non-competitive inhibitor.     

持续高温对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼消化酶和溶菌酶活力的影响

通过人工控温,对吉富罗非鱼（GIFT Oreorhromis niloticus）幼鱼实施34℃持续高温处理,研究持续高温对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼消化酶和溶菌酶活力的影响。结果表明：持续高温对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼消化酶活力的影响有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,对溶菌酶活力影响不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;随着时间的推进,脂肪酶、淀粉酶活力增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,溶菌酶活力增加,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。表明持续高温能一定程度地提高罗非鱼的消化能力和免疫功能。     

溶菌酶与硅灰石类粉尘中活性物质的反应行为研究（Ⅰ）——样品中活性SiO3^2-与溶菌酶的作用机理

对 3个不同地区的硅灰石类粉尘做了XRF分析及其与溶菌酶 (Lys)的反应实验 ,结果显示Lys与样品中的活性物质进行了反应。模拟样品中元素离子与Lys反应的UV_Vis和荧光光谱分析表明 ,37℃下Lys与样品中的元素离子SiO2 -3 作用最明显 ,表现在紫外区吸收峰红移 10nm ,吸光度增大 ,荧光区λem4 4 0nm处荧光强度增强 ,荧光峰红移 2 0nm。同时 ,对其反应机理和结合位点进行了探讨     

Screen and effect analysis of immunostimulants for sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

Immunostimulants may improve disease resistance of aquaculture animals by promoting the nonspecific immunity response of the organisms. Five types of saccharides, including chitosan, yeast polysaccharide, burdock oligosaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide and lentinus edodes polysaccharide, were screened for potential use as immunostimulants by using spectrophotometry. The saccharides were injected into Apostichopus japonicus, a sea cucumber, and the lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the coelomic fluid and epidermal slime were monitored in six consecutive days. The results show that the lysozyme activity of the animal's coelomic fluid was significantly stimulated on day 2, day 4 and day 6 after the injection of the saccharides (P<0.05). The effects of chitosan and yeast polysaccharide were the most notable. The lysozyme activity of the epidermal slime was significantly increased by chitosana, yeast polysaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide, and burdock oligosaccharide on day 1 and day 2 after the injection (P<0.05). The SOD activity of the coelomic fluid was significantly promoted by the saccharides on day 2 and day 4 post-injection (P<0.05), while the SOD activity of the epidermal slime increased on day 2. These findings indicate that chitosan and yeast polysaccharide are the most effective immunostimulants and potential healthy anti-disease feedstuff for A. japonicus.