Effects of dietary vitamin A on antioxidant responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

1 IntroductionHighly reactive oxygen species (ROS) such assuperoxide anion radical (O2-), hydroxyl radical(HO·), singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydrogen perox-ide (H2O2) are continuously produced in the courseof normal aerobic cellular metabolism. It is widely…     

地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)对镉胁迫下泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的抗氧化酶活性和免疫相关基因表达的影响

本文研究一株地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)对提高泥蚶耐受镉(Cd2+)胁迫的作用,实验分析了不同浓度地衣芽孢杆菌对Cd2+胁迫下泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的存活率及组织中Cd残留量的影响;同时比较了地衣芽孢杆菌作用前后,泥蚶体内两类抗氧化酶,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,进一步通过Real-time PCR分析了三类免疫相关基因金属硫蛋白(MT)、小热休克蛋白分子(sHSP)和铁蛋白(ferritin)的表达情况。研究结果显示,地衣芽孢杆菌能降低泥蚶组织中Cd残留量,提高其存活率。并能有效促进泥蚶体内SOD和GSH-Px酶活性的增加,同时降低MT、sHSP和ferritin在mRNA水平上的表达。数据表明该地衣芽胞杆菌可通过调节泥蚶的免疫系统,起到降低Cd2+对泥蚶毒害的作用。     

Antioxidant enzyme activities in different genders and tissues of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense

Information regarding antioxidant enzymes in amphioxus remains lacking, and this study was carried out to examine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in different genders and tissues of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. Results show that (1) CuZn-SOD, CAT and GPX activities in the whole amphioxus B. belcheri tsing- tauense were basically at the same levels in male and female amphioxus, whereas both T-SOD and Mn-SOD activities in male amphioxus were significantly higher than that in the female (P<0.05); (2) The testis had significantly higher T-SOD and CuZn-SOD activities than the ovary (P<0.05); (3) CuZn-SOD activity was undetectable in the guts of male and female amphioxus; (4) For both male and female am- phioxus, the activities of CAT and GPX in the gonads including testis and ovary were the lowest (P<0.05) among the tissues examined; (5) The gut and gill had the same level GPX activities while the gut had a higher CAT activity; (6) There was no clear difference in CAT and GPX activities in the corresponding tissues between male and female amphioxus. The study on SOD, CAT and GPX activities in different genders and tissues of the protochordate provides data for future comparison of amphioxus antioxidant enzymes with those of invertebrates and vertebrates.     

大菱鲆仔稚鱼期消化酶及碱性磷酸酶活性的变化

针对海水鱼类仔稚鱼期高死亡率的现状,本实验采集不同发育阶段的大菱鲆,分析测定了酸、碱性蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶以及消化道碱性磷酸酶的活性变化,以期为提高大菱鲆仔稚鱼期的成活率和生长率以及优化饵料配方提供理论依据。结果表明,大菱鲆初孵仔鱼体内就已具有碱性蛋白酶活性,而酸性蛋白酶活性在15日龄左右胃腺出现时才测得。蛋白酶活性的3个极低值分别出现于仔鱼开口期,卵黄囊完全消失期和仔鱼向稚鱼的转变期。早期仔鱼体内表现出较强的淀粉酶活性。5日龄时其活性急剧下降,并一直保持较低的比活力水平。脂肪酶活性在仔稚鱼期一直很弱,进入幼鱼期后比活力迅速升高。碱性磷酸酶活性从初孵到50日龄左右始终保持较小幅度的上升,直到60日龄变态完成时才出现大幅度的升高。大菱鲆仔稚鱼发育过程中,消化道中各种酶活性变化显著,仔稚鱼变态完成后,蛋白酶、脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著增强,这标志着大菱鲆由稚鱼期向幼鱼期的转变及消化机能的完善。     

矿业废弃地先锋植物盐生草在镍、铜处理下抗氧化酶系统的变化

采用温室盆栽法,研究镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)单一处理（0、50、100、200、400 mg·kg-1）对金昌Ni/Cu尾矿库先锋植物盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)幼苗Ni、Cu积累、膜脂过氧化程度与抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明：盐生草幼苗叶片及根部Ni、Cu含量随土壤中Ni、Cu含量的增加而增加,Ni、Cu含量以根部含量为高;叶片及根部丙二醛(MDA)含量随Ni、Cu处理浓度升高显著增加,膜脂过氧化程度加剧;Ni胁迫下盐生草叶片中仅抗坏血酸酶(APX)活性随Ni浓度增加总体呈增加趋势,在对抗Ni胁迫引起的氧化胁迫方面发挥着主要作用,根部超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、APX和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性随Ni浓度增加呈上升趋势,在减轻Ni胁迫引起的氧化损伤方面起着重要作用;Cu胁迫下盐生草叶片SOD和APX活性较对照有所增强,在减弱Cu胁迫引起的氧化损伤方面发挥着一定作用,根部上述5种抗氧化酶活性随Cu浓度增加总体呈增加趋势,在缓解Cu胁迫引起的氧化损伤方面发挥着重要作用。     

Lyase Activities of Heterologous CpcS and CpcT for Phycocyanin Holo-β-subunit from Arthrospira platensis in Escherichia coli

Arthrospira platensis is an economically important cyanobacterium; and it has been used widely in food and pharmaceutical industries. The phycocyanin(PC) from A. platensis is extremely valuable in medicine and molecular biology due to its antioxidation and anti-tumoring activity and applicability as fluorescence protein tag. In present study, two recombinant plasmids, one contained the phycocyanobilin(PCB)-producing genes(hox1 and pcyA) while the other contained the phycobiliprotein gene(cpcB) and the lyase gene(either cpcS/U or cpcT), were constructed and synchronically transferred into E. coli in order to test the the activities of relevant lyases for catalysing PCB addition to CpcB during synthesizing fluorescent PC holo-β-subunit(β-PC) of A. platensis. As was evidenced by the fluorescence emitted at a peak specific for PC, CpcB was successfully synthesized in E. coli, to which co-expressed PCBs attached though at a relatively low efficiency. The results showed that the attachment of PCBs to CpcB were carried out mainly by co-expressed CpcS/U but CpcB also showed some autocatalytic activity. Currently, no CpcT activity was detected in this E. coli expression system. Further studies will be conducted to improve the efficiency of fluorescent PC synthesis in E. coli.     

盐度对红树植物影响研究

盐度是红树植物的一个主要环境因素,也是目前红树林造林成活率高低的一个关键因子。由于长期适应潮间带海水环境,红树植物形成了一套适应于一定盐度的耐盐机制。盐度会影响红树植物的组织结构,热值变化,从而对红树植物的生长产生影响。盐胁迫时,红树植物抗氧化酶活性,相容性物质的合成都增强,对不同离子的吸收也会发生改变。综述了盐度对红树植物的影响及相关机理,包括了生长、组织结构、离子水平、抗氧化酶活性、热值变化、相容性物质合成6个方面,指出了今后研究应重视的几个方向。     

石油污染对莫桑比克罗非鱼血清酶活性的影响

本文通过分析莫桑比克罗非鱼血清酶活性的变化,研究石油对鱼类的致毒效应.试验结果表明,石油污染能升高血清谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,石油对莫桑比克罗非鱼血清酶活性产生作用的浓度阈值为0.05mg/dm3.分析鱼类血清酶活性的变化,可以为诊断石油污染提供科学依据.