First evidence for episodic flooding events in the arid interior of central Saudi Arabia over the last 60 ka

Although evidence for Quaternary environmental changes in the Arabian Peninsula is now growing, research has mostly been conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and in the Sultanate of Oman. There have been virtually no recent studies in Saudi Arabia, especially in the central region such as around Al‐Quwaiayh. In this area there are a series of outwash plains developed along the eastern edge of the Arabian Shield that formed in the late Quaternary. Four sedimentary sections, which are representative of the deposits that have accumulated, have been studied and five luminescence ages obtained. These are the first luminescence ages acquired from Quaternary sediments in central Saudi Arabia. The preserved fluvial deposits in the study area have formed during humid events at ca. 54 ka, ca. 39 ka and ca. 0.8 ka. In more recent times aeolian sands have been encroaching on to the distal parts of the outwash plains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

风成沉积石英绿光释光测年的单片技术

运用再生法进行单片技术测年所面临的主要问题是感量变化。论文探讨了石英绿光释光测年中对感量变化进行校正的方法,然后运用单片技术对沙漠黄土边界带风成沉积沙样进行等效剂量测定。结果表明,单片技术是石英绿光释光测年的理想手段。     

Progress and pitfalls of the SAR protocol for the quartz violet stimulated luminescence (VSL) signal: A case study from Sardinia

In the quest for extending the upper age limit of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz, it was shown that violet stimulated luminescence (VSL) may be a promising candidate. However, difficulties in the application of the single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) protocol for VSL has been reported in previous studies. In this study, a set of experiments was carried out to investigate the behaviour of the VSL signal under different measurement conditions with the aim to improve the SAR VSL protocol in terms of passing the procedural tests of the SAR protocol, i.e., recycling ratio, recuperation and dose recovery. The validity of an optimised SAR protocol was then evaluated on four coarse-grained quartz samples from Sardinia, for which previously reported OSL and post-IR IRSL ages are available. Our result showed that all measured aliquots meet the recuperation, recycling ratio and dose recovery criteria, indicating that the proposed protocol is suitable for the studied samples. The obtained VSL and reference ages agree within uncertainty (2σ) for most of the samples except one sample with a largest expected equivalent dose of ∼320 Gy, for which the VSL significantly (∼50%) underestimates despite satisfactory dose recovery result. This underestimation is most likely due to trapping sensitivity change between the natural and all subsequent regenerated VSL signals induced by the first preheating in the SAR procedure, which is likely dose dependent. To minimise sensitivity change, the sensitivity-corrected multiple aliquot regenerative dose (SC-MAR) protocol was applied. The SC-MAR protocol yields VSL ages in agreement with reference ages for two samples (1σ); the other two samples show overestimation. We show that the observed age overestimation can be explained by incomplete resetting of the natural signal after 7 days SOL2 exposure used for the SC-MAR procedure. Bleaching experiments confirm variable bleaching behaviour among different samples. However, it is unclear whether this different bleaching behaviour arises from measuring samples with different bleaching histories, mineralogical compositions, or VSL source trap properties.     

大渡河上游鸡心堡滑坡形成的古堰塞湖及其环境效应

堰塞湖及其溃决洪水对山地地表过程具有强烈影响, 严重危害山地区域的安全, 对堰塞湖开展相关研究, 可为区域现代堵江风险分析提供参考。以青藏高原东缘大渡河上游支流小金川鸡心堡古滑坡堰塞湖为研究对象, 采用单片再生剂量法与标准生长曲线法相结合的方法对深度约12.5m的湖相沉积剖面上的7个光释光样品测试年代, 并进行了详细的地层学与年代学研究, 恢复该堰塞湖的年代和范围, 重建该古滑坡的规模, 讨论了该古堰塞湖的成因及其环境效应。研究结果表明: 1)研究区在距今约2~3ka发生过一次滑坡堵江事件, 形成鸡心堡古滑坡堰塞湖, 持续一段时间后, 形成最大流量约为2.70×10³m³/s的洪水溃决过程; 2)该古堰塞湖的堵江残留滑坡坝高约150m, 滑坡坝面积约1.41×10⁵m², 体积约4.19×10⁶m³, 堰塞湖的面积约1.84×10⁶m², 库容水量约6.10×10⁷m³; 3)依据现有地质证据以及文献记载初步推测鸡心堡古滑坡是由地震引起的; 4)滑坡坝对现代河道的地貌形态仍然存在影响, 在滑坡坝上游形成较宽的现代河道且河道纵剖面的坡度较小, 滑坡坝后的河道陡峭指数(k_sn)较高。通过研究, 对大渡河流域的古堰塞湖有更全面、科学的认识, 为古地质灾害领域提供了一个研究实例。

     

山东大黑山岛北庄黄土沉积特征及其环境演变

发育于山东滨海岛屿区的黄土与黄土高原等地内陆黄土相比,是沿海地区轨道尺度气候变化和海平面变化的重要记录,对研究区域古气候古环境演变具有特殊价值。本文通过对山东庙岛群岛大黑山岛北庄黄土剖面钻孔岩芯样品进行光释光（OSL）测年、粒度和磁化率分析,并与黄土高原典型黄土以及山东其他地区黄土进行了对比。研究结果表明,北庄黄土剖面0.5m处OSL年代为26.23±4.92ka,处于晚更新世末期,说明剖面全新世黄土缺失,与区域内其他剖面进行年代对比,可推断北庄黄土主要为末次间冰期以来堆积的黄土。与黄土高原典型黄土相比,北庄黄土为典型风成沉积物,但其平均粒径比黄土高原典型黄土粗,且与同区域其他岛屿上黄土相比粒径具有由南向北逐渐增大的变化趋势,这可能与不同阶段气候变化引起的海面升降而导致的主要物源不同有关。根据北庄黄土粒度和磁化率变化趋势并结合OSL测年结果,将该剖面从上到下划分为古土壤层、黄土层和古土壤层,分别对应着MIS 3~MIS 5气候旋回。因此,大黑山岛北庄黄土剖面记录了末次间冰期以来山东东部沿海地区古气候环境变化进程。

     

古湖岸堤沉积物石英光释光测年研究:以中国东北兴凯湖为例

古湖岸堤是湖面波动的地貌证据,可以用来重建古湖泊演化.古湖岸堤沉积物的准确测年是应用此地貌学证据重建湖泊演化的关键.以我国兴凯湖最低一级湖岸堤——大湖岗为研究对象,采用石英小片技术,应用单片再生剂量法(SAR)对大湖岗2个不同位置的剖面风成砂质沉积物(共13个样品)进行了光释光(OSL)测年.样品石英组分的光释光衰减曲线特征表明,样品的释光信号以快组分为主,预热坪和实验室剂量恢复实验结果表明,SAR法可以用来测量兴凯湖古湖岸堤样品的等效剂量.通过分析样品等效剂量分布情况和比较3种年龄模型(平均值模型、中值模型和最小值模型),认为大湖岗湖滨砂质沉积物在沉积埋藏前石英光释光信号晒退完全,获得的OSL年龄是可信的.年代结果表明,大湖岗采自不同位置的2个剖面的年代范围一致,且各个剖面中所有年代均随地层顺序变化;另外,2个样品的OSL年龄与同层位的炭屑样品的14C年代结果在误差范围内一致,进一步表明OSL测年技术可以获得可靠的兴凯湖岸堤沉积物的年龄.尽管与前人使用热释光(TL)测年方法研究大湖岗形成年代有较大差别,本文认为兴凯湖最低一级古湖岸堤——大湖岗形成于距今约1.24-0.50 ka.     

山东埠西黄土剖面沉积特征及古气候环境意义

对山东济南章丘埠西黄土剖面进行了系统的野外调查,并对山东章丘埠西黄土剖面进行了粒度、磁化率以及光释光测年等指标研究分析,结果表明：① 根据粒度测量数据和粒度参数变化特征,并运用萨胡判别公式对其沉积环境进行判别,可知山东埠西剖面黄土沉积主要为风成沉积。通过粒级—标准偏差方法提取的环境敏感粒级分别为7.08~8.91 µm和39.81~50.12 µm;② 磁化率变化与不同粒级百分含量的变化之间具有明显的相关性,其中低频磁化率变化范围为32.38×10^-8~138.46×10^-8m³kg^-1,高频磁化率在 30.62×10^-8~123.31×10^-8m³kg^-1 之间变化,其变化特征一定程度上反映了埠西黄土剖面形成时的古气候环境信息;③ 结合光释光年代的测量数据与前人的研究成果,可将该黄土剖面划分为3个黄土层和3个古土壤层,该剖面记录了末次冰期以来该区域古气候环境的变化历史过程。     

齐Ⅰ金矿床石英热发光研究

通过对石英热发光特征研究,发现石英热发光曲线的复杂与否,与矿床的形成深度、多期次成矿作用和矿化的贫富有一定的关系。进而,为在该区进一步深入找矿及寻找其它内生矿床提供一项新的研究途径。     

化学气相沉积法再生钻石的实验室检测特征研究

再生钻石是使用化学气相沉积法(CVD)以天然钻石为基底再生长合成钻石层,得到具有整体外观的钻石产品。由于再生钻石含有天然钻石的氮杂质信息,传统的合成钻石排查方法和检测流程已不再适用于再生钻石的检测。本文对实验室检出的一颗再生钻石进行了详尽的宝石学测试分析,以建立再生钻石的最佳检测方案。结果显示:常规的显微观察、钻石仪器排查以及红外光谱测试都不能将再生钻石检出。DiamondViewTM多方位发光图像观察该样品呈现清晰的发光分层现象,上层为红色荧光与蓝绿色磷光,下层为深蓝色荧光与惰性磷光;红外透射光谱分区域定点扫描样品上层为IIa型钻石,下层为Ia型钻石;紫外可见吸收光谱分析和光致发光光谱测试显示样品同时具有N3和高浓度[Si-V]-缺陷。综合判定该样品亭部的下半部分为天然钻石,亭部的上半部分和冠部为CVD合成钻石,CVD层厚度约740μm。作为我国首例报道的再生钻石,与国外已报道的同类型样品相比,该样品中分层界限不可见,且合成层厚度呈现明显增长。研究认为,应用多方位发光图像分析及光谱测试技术是再生钻石检测的关键。     

Problems associated with luminescence dating of Late Quaternary glacial sediments in the NW Scottish Highlands

Linking the timing of glacial episodes and behaviour to climatic shifts that are documented in ice and marine sedimentary archives is key to understanding ocean-land interactions. In the NW Scottish Highlands a large number of closely spaced (‘hummocky’) moraines formed at retreating glacier margins. Independent age control on one palaeo-glacier limit is consistent with the timing of Younger Dryas (YD) glaciation in the area, but adjacent glacier lobes have remained undated due to the lack of sites and material for ¹⁴C dating. Direct dating of ice-marginal moraines using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques has never been attempted before in Scotland, but if successful, they may be the most appropriate methods for constraining the age of sediment deposition in the absence of organic material. Coarse-grained quartz and K-feldspar minerals from supraglacial sheet flow deposits and glacilacustrine sediments within ice-marginal moraines were analysed using the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. Independent age control and clear geomorphological relationships indicate that all samples should yield YD or post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ages. Quartz OSL shine down curves showed low luminescence sensitivity, significant medium-to-slow components, a weak fast component, and scattered SAR data; Linearly Modulated-OSL (LM-OSL) measurements confirmed that the fast component was weak or absent. In contrast, feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) was highly sensitive with excellent SAR data. However, SAR data from 3 mm diameter aliquots of feldspar (200 grains) give higher than expected equivalent doses (D_e) by an order of magnitude. SAR measurements of small clusters of feldspar grains (ranging from 1–8) considerably broaden the apparent D_e distribution, but even the lowest value is about 2–3 times the expected D_e. Two possibilities arise to explain the quartz and feldspar data: (1) that glacial sequences in the NW Highlands re-work inherited (older) glacial deposits and that some of the pre-Devensian existing glacial landforms have only been modified during Devensian glaciation; or (2) that the sedimentary processes operating in these ice-marginal environments are not conducive to adequate bleaching of quartz and feldspar grains. Our study implies that ice-proximal supraglacial sediments from this region in NW Scotland reflect older ages of deposition, but dating YD sediments has not been possible.