Anomalous winter temperature and precipitation events in southern China

This paper analyzed the anomalous low-temperature events and the anomalous rain-abundant events in January since 1951 and winter since 1880 for southern China.The anomalous events are defined using ±1σ thresholds.Twelve cold Januaries are identified where temperature anomaly below-1σ,and ten wet Januaries are identified where precipitation anomaly above +1σ.Among these events there are three patterns of cold-wet Januaries,namely 1969,1993 and 2008.The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are used to check the atmospheric circulation changes in association with the anomalous temperature and precipitation events.The results show that the strong Siberian High(SBH),East Asian trough(EAT) and East Asian jet stream(EAJS) are favorable conditions for low-temperature in southern China.While the anomalous southerly flow at 850 hPa,the weak EAT at 500 hPa,the strong Middle East jet stream(MEJS) and the weaker EAJS are found to accompany a wetter southern China.The cold-wet winters in southern China,such as...更多 January of 2008,are mainly related to a stronger SBH,and the circulation in the middle to upper troposphere is precipitation-favorable.In wet winters,the water vapor below 500 hPa is mainly transported by the anomalous southwesterly flow and the anomalous southern flow over the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea area.The correlation coefficients of MEJS,EAMW(East Asian meridional wind) and EU(Eurasian pattern) to southern China precipitation in January are +0.65,-0.59 and-0.48 respectively,and the correlations for high-pass filtered data are +0.63,-0.55 and-0.44 respectively,the significant level is all at 99%.MEJS,EAMW and EU together can explain 49.4% variance in January precipitation.Explained variance for January and winter temperature by SBH,EU,WP(west Pacific pattern) and AO(Arctic Oscillation) are 47.2% and 51.5%,respectively.There is more precipitation in southern China during El Nio winters,and less precipitation during La Nia winters.And there is no clear evidence that the occurrence of anomalous temperature events in winter over southern China is closely linked to ENSO events.     

东北夏季极端低温天气事件的定义及其冷空气路径分析

采用东北三省150 个测站1961~2010 年的逐日温度资料和同期美国环境预报中心（NCEP）以及国家大气研究中心（NCAR）2.5°×2.5°分辨率的全球再分析资料,定义了东北夏季极端低温天气事件（extreme low-temperatureevent 以下简称ELTE事件）,统计给出了ELTE事件的发生、峰值和持续时间的日历表。根据该日历分析,发现了影响东北地区夏季ELTE事件的最主要的2 条冷空气路径（西北路径和东北路径）,1961~2010 年期间,影响东北地区的ELTE事件最主要是受西北路径的冷空气的影响,其次是东北路径。同时也发现,ELTE事件20 世纪80 年代发生频率最高,90 年代后开始减少,但是东北路径的ELTE事件在90 年代以后开始明显的增加。还发现,ELTE事件发生的前4 d,贝加尔湖地区若是被低压槽覆盖,易发生西北路径的ELTE事件,若该区域被一个东北-西南走向的高压斜脊控制,同时鄂霍次克海区域存在一个低压中心,形成西北“+”东南“-”的跷跷板形态,易发生东北路径的ELTE事件。     

海洋微生物低温碱性脂肪酶的纯化与性质研究

以海洋微生物通过发酵制备的脂肪酶为材料 ,对该酶的分离纯化条件及理化性质进行了研究。在脂肪酶纯化中 ,采用氯仿萃取、中空纤维柱超滤及CM SepharoseFF阳离子交换柱层析等技术对发酵制备的脂肪酶进行了纯化 ,结果得到达到电泳纯的脂肪酶。在脂肪酶理化性质研究中 ,采用SDS PAGE电泳对该脂肪酶分子量进行测定 ,并在实验中以橄榄油为底物采用脂肪酶酸碱滴定测活法 ,对脂肪酶的最适水解条件、各种因素对脂肪酶稳定性的影响进行了研究。结果显示 ,该脂肪酶分子量为 ( 38 0± 1 )kD ,最适水解温度为 35℃ ,最适pH为 8 5 ,为一低温碱性脂肪酶。该脂肪酶可在 35℃以下、pH =4 0— 9 0范围内保持良好的稳定性 ,与常见金属离子、化学试剂等的配伍性较好 ,并且具有良好的耐盐及抗氧化性能。研究中还以p NPL(月桂酸对硝基苯酚酯 )为底物采用脂肪酶化学发光测活法 ,对脂肪酶进行了酶促动力学的研究。结果表明 ,该脂肪酶在最适条件下Km 值为 7 80 5 μmol/L ,Vmax为 1 2 385mmol/ (L·min)。通过对Zn2 +抑制脂肪酶水解活性的研究 ,发现Zn2 +对脂肪酶具有可逆抑制作用 ,从而筛选到该脂肪酶的可逆抑制剂Zn2 +。     

四川盆地西北部9月两次低温暴雨过程对比分析

利用常规气象资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料对2001年9月18日和2013年9月18日四川盆地西北部的两次暴雨天气过程进行对比分析。分析结果表明：两次暴雨均发生在无低涡且低温条件下,受西风槽东移的影响,最大降水发生在龙门山迎风坡,地形作用对两次暴雨形成有重要的影响;四川盆地内的水汽来源既可以来源于孟加拉湾,在有台风配合的情况下也可以来自于东海;2001年9月18日暴雨中低层低空急流为暴雨提供了有利的热力、水汽和动力辐合条件;2013年9月18日暴雨中地形造成的低层强烈辐合和南亚高压造成的高层强辐散为强降水提供了有利条件;对于低温条件下盆地西北部的暴雨需注意副高对西风槽的阻挡作用,同时需注意低层偏东风分量的大小。     

藏北羌塘中北部红脊山地区蓝闪石＋硬柱石变质矿物组合的特征及其意义

蓝闪石 硬柱石是羌塘中北部红脊山地区首次发现的呈北西-南东走向展布的硬柱蓝闪片岩带中典型的低温高压变质矿物组合.蓝闪石呈浅蓝灰色,纤柱状;硬柱石无色,多呈团块状,较均匀地与蓝闪石混杂分布.电子探针分析表明,蓝闪石主要为铁蓝闪石和青铝闪石,硬柱石为较典型的硬柱石.硬柱蓝闪片岩呈(透镜状)构造岩块分布,与围岩呈断层接触,原岩主要为变质玄武岩及少量辉(长)绿岩、基性火山碎屑岩,围岩为变质砂岩、板岩和少量碳酸盐岩.红脊山硬柱蓝闪片岩带伴有构造混杂岩发育,二者共存构成红脊山地区北羌塘甜水河陆块与南羌塘查多岗日陆块之间的分界线.     

相山矿田低温热水及其与铀矿化关系

从矿田现代温热水入手，运用水文地球化学、同位素水文地质等手段，结合地热基础理论与方法，剖析了典型矿床地温特征，对温热水的补给源、热源进行了研究；结合铀成矿机理分析，探讨了热水与铀成矿作用的关系．认为相山矿田温热水属隆起断裂型热水，大气降水为温热水的主要补给源，地下水深循环及放射性生热为温热水获得热量的主要途径，热水活动对铀成矿作出了重要贡献，铀源主要来自水-岩作用，形成了受基底构造和火山盖层构造联合控制的地温高场、温热水及铀矿化于一体的空间组合．     

Metamorphic and Thermal History of a Fore-Arc Basin: the Fossil Bluff Group, Alexander Island, Antarctica

The Himalia Ridge Formation (Fossil Bluff Group), AlexanderIsland is a 2·2-km-thick sequence of Upper Jurassic–LowerCretaceous conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones, derivedfrom an andesitic volcanic arc and deposited in a fore-arc basin.The metamorphic and thermal history of the formation has beendetermined using authigenic mineral assemblages and vitrinitereflectance measurements. Metamorphic effects include compaction,pore-space reduction, cementation and dissolution and replacementof detrital grains by clay minerals (smectite, illite/smectite,corrensite and kaolinite), calcite, chlorite, laumontite, prehnite,pumpellyite, albite and mica, with less common quartz, haematite,pyrite and epidote. The authigenic mineral assemblages exhibita depth-dependence, and laumontite and calcite exhibit a strongantipathetic relationship. Detrital organic matter in the argillaceouslayers has vitrinite reflectance values (R_o) ranging from 2·3to 3·7%. This indicates considerable thermal maturation,with a systematic increase in reflectivity with increasing depth.There is good correlation of metamorphic mineral assemblageswith chlorite crystallinity and vitrinite reflectance values—allindicating temperatures in the range of 140 ± 20°Cat the top of the sequence to 250 ± 10°C at the baseof the sequence. The temperatures suggest a geothermal gradientof 36–64°C/km and a most likely gradient of 50°C/km.It is suggested that this higher-than-average gradient for afore-arc basin resulted either from rifting during basin formationor from a late-stage arc migration event. KEY WORDS: Antarctica; diagenesis; fore-arc basin; low-temperature metamorphism; vitrinite reflectance     

Low-Temperature Plasticity of Naturally Deformed Calcite Rocks

Optical, cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses were conducted on four groups of calcite fault rocks, a cataclastic limestone, cataclastic coarse-grained marbles from two fault zones, and a fractured mylonite. These fault rocks show similar microstructural characteristics and give clues to similar processes of rock deformation. They are characterized by the structural contrast between macroscopic cataclastic (brittle) and microscopic mylonitic (ductile) microstructures. Intragranular deformation microstructures (i.e. deformation twins, kink bands and microfractures) are well preserved in the deformed grains in clasts or in primary rocks. The matrix materials are of extremely fine grains with diffusive features. Dislocation microstructures for co-existing brittle deformation and crystalline plasticity were revealed using TEM. Tangled dislocations are often preserved at the cores of highly deformed clasts, while dislocation walls form in the transitions to the fine-grained     

基于小波理论的广西低温阴雨灾害天气波动特征

基于广西4个典型站点52年气侯资料的Morletd小波分析,对广西低温阴雨天气灾害波动频率规律进行研究,结果表明：①广西2-4月平均气温逐渐增高,低温阴雨的年总天数逐渐减少,结束日期逐渐提前;②广西2-4月平均气温变化存在30年、18．19年、12年和3年的振荡周期,其中30年周期为温度变化的主控周期;低温阴雨年总天数变化存在30年左右、10年左右和2．5年左右的振荡周期,主控周期南北分布不一致,由北向南,主控周期的尺度也逐渐变小;③广西2-4月平均气温和低温阴雨总天数在大尺度（30年）的振荡上表现出了一致性。研究表明,利用小波理论研究灾害天气波动规律具有很好的效果。     

安徽省东至县牛头高家金矿硫铅同位素示踪性浅析

牛头高家金矿位于安徽省东至县地区,属扬子陆块北缘,其成矿围岩为红色粘土和奥陶系地层。本次研究对该矿区矿石矿物中的硫铅同位素进行系统分析,硫铅同位素组成显示了成矿物质的复杂性和多元性。结合地质背景和矿床地质特征分析,认为该矿床成矿物质主要来自岩浆热液,而奥陶系地层也提供了部分成矿物质。牛头高家金矿原生矿为浅成低温热液型矿床,后经历较为复杂的地质过程,最终形成独特的红土型金矿。