亚洲夏季风环流的低频振荡与江淮梅雨

根据欧洲中心1980～1983年4～9月的200hpa和850hpa格点资料，利用滤波技术和经验正交函数（EOF）分析方法，研究了亚洲地区夏季风环流低频振荡的特征及其对江淮地区梅雨的影响。结果表明：季风环流的低频变化存在三种主要的空间分布型，其中，第一特征向量与江淮地区梅雨期的大尺度环流形势相似，它们的位相转换与季风系统各主要成员的活动密切相关；江淮地区低频气旋性切变线的活动对梅雨期的长短乃至该区的干旱和洪涝有重要的影响。     

柠檬酸对岩石中铜的淋滤作用

柠檬酸对岩石中铜的淋滤作用张海祥，王玉荣（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所．广州５１０６４０）张言（冶金部天津地质研究院．天津３０００６１）关键词铜，低温实验，淋滤实验，柠檬酸有关低温条件下有机质和微生物在成岩成矿过程中的作用已日益引起人们的注意。由于表...     

Prediction method of sand-movement direction in rivers by geochemical elements

 The analysis of sand samples by X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) gives the ratio of the geochemical elements to construct the sand samples. The application of the ratio matching to sand samples represents the correlation number between two sand samples with respect to geochemical elements. When the correlation number between two sand samples is low, the two samples are not geochemically similar each other. This denotes that the exchange of sand between two sampling points is scarce or the two samples are independent. When the correlation number between two sand samples is high, the two samples are geochemically similar, signifying that the exchange of sand between two sampling points is frequent or there is sand movement between two sampling points. If there exists prominent sand movement in the study area, the correlation number is almost 1 and kilo count number per second of each geochemical element per weight decreases along the flow direction. The decrease is caused by the reduction of sizes and the adherence of dirt on the surface of sand particles. Since the flow direction in rivers is usually the same as the direction of sand movement, it can be verified. This study obtains satisfactory results applying the method of prediction in sand movement to sediments in rivers. Received: 17 May 1995 · Accepted: 14 August 1995     

Seismic hazard assessment for low-seismicity areas — Case study: Northern Germany

The problem of assessing seismic hazard in low-seismicity areas becomes obvious in many practical applications. A typical low-seismicity area, which experienced damaging earthquakes in historical times, is the North German Plain, for which a case study is presented. It is shown how seismic hazard assessments are influenced by different interpretations of historical key earthquakes, changes in b-value as well as variations of the upper bound magnitude assumed for the seismic source regions. The latter strongly influences the hazard results in the case of very low b-values for long return periods.     

低磁纬度区航磁异常变倾角磁方向转换方法

本文给出了几种适用于低磁纬度区的变倾角磁方向转换方法，在理论模拟及实际资料处理中均获得良好效果。     

伊敏盆地五牧场煤变质作用及煤层气地质特征研究

伊敏盆地五牧场区大磨拐图河组煤变质梯度△Ｒ°ｍ／１００＝０．５４％，从褐煤到贫煤均有发育。地震资料和围岩蚀变证实在大磨拐图河组之下发育一小型岩株，其埋深为２０００ｍ左右。岩浆热力引起的高温低压变质条件导致煤中孔隙裂隙的充分发育。含煤段之上厚３００ｍ的泥岩有效阻止煤层气的逸散，煤储层可具有较高的含气饱和度。五牧场区烟煤储量丰富，单层煤厚度多在２ｍ以上，煤累计厚度达３０ｍ以上，富煤带与中变质煤区大部分重叠。煤层埋深３５０ｍ～１０００ｍ，倾角在１５°以内，具备较好的煤层气勘探开发条件。     

石家庄秋季大气气溶胶物理特征分析

利用１９９０年秋季在石家庄地区不同天气条件下飞机观测对流层低层（距地面４０００ｍ以下高度）大气气溶胶的观测资料，分析了气溶胶粒子数密度、质量浓度水平和垂直分布特征及其日变化。结果表明，晴空下，石家庄地区气溶胶源于本地，地面质量浓度为０．１５×１０－９—０．８５×１０－９·ｃｍ－３，高度４０００ｍ以下谱分布特征值逆温层影响气溶胶粒子的向上输送，使其在送温层上下出现不连续分布；气溶胶的日变化表现为上午数密度大于下午，但下午粒子谱变宽；城市效应影响气溶胶粒子分布，城市上空气溶胶粒子数密度比郊区高１５％－３０％。     

The NO2 Absorption Spectrum. IV: The 200–400 nm Region at 220 K

Previous experiments in the 400–500 nm region (Coquart et al., 1995) have been extended to the 200–400 nm region to determine the absorption cross-sections of NO₂ at 220 K. The NO₂ and N₂O₄ cross-sections are obtained simultaneously from a calculation applied to the data resulting from measurements at low pressures. A comparison between the NO₂ cross-sections at 220 K and at ambient temperature shows that the low temperature cross-sections are generally lower, except in the region of the absorption peaks. Comparisons are also made with previous data at temperature close to 220 K.     

梅雨期高层流场对低层急流及中尺度系统影响的数值试验

用中尺度模式对一次江淮流域暴雨过程进行了数值试验，并研究了对流层高层青藏高压东侧偏北大风的强弱与低层流场及中尺度系统发生及至降水过程的影响。试验不仅较成功地模拟了本次暴雨过程及相应的系统，而且揭示出较强的高空偏北大风将引起对低空急流的加强。而更为重要的是低层切变线的出现以及其上中尺度涡旋的发生。上下风场所构成的垂直反环流圈大大有利于对流的发展，特别是在切变线地区的上升支，带有明显的中尺度特征。     

北祁连逆掩断裂带的缓倾角断层

本文阐述了北祁连逆掩带中缓倾角断层的结构特征和地质意义。这些断层是本区走向北西西、断面南倾的区域逆冲断裂系的组成部分,断距大小不等,显示出一定规模的推覆构造型式。文中把本区和典型的逆掩推覆构造作了对比,并推断了这种缓倾角断层的演化模式。此项研究为进一步评价酒泉盆地以至河西走廊的含油远景提供了构造研究基础。