饲料中卵磷脂对养殖水生动物生理的影响

卵磷脂包含多种营养成分:磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酸等,这些物质水解可以为机体提供多种营养物质。机体中的卵磷脂则是维持细胞结构和功能的细胞膜的基本成分,对于细胞的生长和分化,机体内脂肪代谢,信号转导,维持机体稳态,增强机体免疫等具有重要意义。本文就卵磷脂对水生动物生长,抗脂肪肝以及对免疫功能的影响做一综述,以期为水产养殖提供理论参考。     

广东省顺德肝癌多发区病因探讨

根据顺德肝癌病多发区与周边正常区土壤、水地球化学特征对比,结合病区人文景观探讨顺德肝癌病因,分析认为病区水中NH₄⁺, NO₂^-, NO₃-的显著异常(高含量)是主要病因。     

Seasonal Variation of the Glycogen Enzyme Activity in Diploid and Triploid Pacific Oyster Gonad During Sexual Maturation

The glycogen content and the activities of two key enzymes in glycogen metabolism, glycogen phosphorylase and gly- cogen synthetase, in the gonad of diploid and triploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were compared during maturation. The glycogen content in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 85.7%), but the glycogen content in the gonad of trip- loids did not vary significantly. Activity of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 55.5%), while GP activity of triploids did not vary significantly during maturation. Activity of glycogen synthetase (GS) in the gonad of diploids increased slightly with gametogenesis, reaching a peak in June. Activity of GS declined sharply from June to July, which might be due to gonad spawning. GS activity of triploid oysters in spawning time (July and August) was significantly higher than that in other months, which might be explained with a ‘compensating’ mechanism for the higher glycogen content in triploids.     

Effect of dissolved oxygen on swimming ability and physiological response to swimming fatigue of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The swimming endurance of whiteleg shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei, 87.66 mm ± 0.25 mm, 7.73 g ± 0.06 g) was examined at various concentrations of dissolved oxygen(DO, 1.9, 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6 mg L-1) in a swimming channel against one of the five flow velocities(v1, v2, v3, v4 and v5). Metabolite contents in the plasma, hepatopancreas and pleopods muscle of the shrimp were quantified before and after swimming fatigue. The results revealed that the swimming speed and DO concentration were significant factors that affected the swimming endurance of L. vannamei. The relationship between swimming endurance and swimming speed at various DO concentrations can be described by the power model(ν·tb = a). The relationship between DO concentration(mg L-1) and the swimming ability index(SA∫ 9000I), defined as SAI =vdt( cm), can be described as SAI = 27.947 DO0.137(R2 = 0.9312). The 0level of DO concentration directly affected the physiology of shrimp, and exposure to low concentrations of DO led to the increases in lactate and energetic substrate content in the shrimp. In responding to the low DO concentration at 1.9 mg L-1 and the swimming stress, L. vannamei exhibited a mix of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to satisfy the energetic demand, mainly characterized by the utilization of total protein and glycogen and the production of lactate and glucose. Fatigue from swimming led to severe loss of plasma triglyceride at v1, v2, and v3 with 1.9 mg L-1 DO, and at v-11 with 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6 mg L DO, whereas the plasma glucose content increased significantly at v3, v4 and v5 with 3.8 and 6.8 mg L-1 DO, and at v5 with 13.6 mg L-1 DO. The plasma total protein and hepatopancreas glycogen were highly depleted in shrimp by swimming fatigue at various DO concentrations, whereas the plasma lactate accumulated at high levels after swimming fatigue at different velocities. These results were of particular value to understanding the locomotory ability of whiteleg shrimp and its physiological changes, further contributing to the improvement of capture and rearing technique.     

鲣鱼肝脏酶解物对高果糖大鼠的降压活性研究

研究鲣鱼肝脏酶解物对大鼠血压的影响,提高低值水产品加工副产物的利用价值。SD大鼠按体重和血压随机分为3组,每组7只。用高果糖饲料饲喂SD大鼠,建立高血压大鼠模型,实验组大鼠饲料中添加5%鲣鱼肝脏酶解物(KPLH),分别于第2周和第4周时测定清醒状态下大鼠尾动脉收缩压。喂食4周后腹主动脉采取全血,分离血清,试剂盒测定大鼠血脂、血糖、血清脂联素、瘦素和胰岛素浓度。KPLH摄食2周后大鼠血压较模型组降低9%(P<0.05),4周后KPLH摄食大鼠血压较模型组降低15%(P<0.05)。KPLH摄食显著提高血液中脂联素浓度(169%,P<0.01),胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)恢复至正常水平(P<0.01),大鼠胰岛素抵抗性得到明显改善。血清脂联素浓度与血压之间的相关性解析表明,KPLH引起的血压升高抑制作用与脂联素升高有显著的相关性。KPLH可改善大鼠胰岛素抵抗性,提高血液中脂联素浓度,具有抑制血压升高的作用。     

肝癌与地形地貌类型关系初探

文章利用地形地貌资料４５０２个数据，肝癌死亡调查资料８３４３例，研究了肝癌死亡率与人群生存的地形地貌类型的相关性。在此基础上综合评价了与肝癌有相关性的地形地貌类型对肝癌产生和发展的影响     

中药治疗便秘型肠易激综合征SD大鼠的实验研究

目的：研究柴胡疏肝散合济川煎对肝郁气滞合并阳虚型便秘型肠易激综合征（IBS-C）模型大鼠的治疗效果及作用机制。方法：将56只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组（8只）和模型组（48只）,模型组采用冰水灌胃、限制饮水结合慢性束缚应激的方法制备肝郁气滞合并阳虚型IBS-C大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型对照组、复方聚乙二醇电解质散（PEG-EP)组、黛力新组及中药低、中、高剂量组,每组各8只。各组进行药物干预14 d。观察指标包括大鼠一般状态、糖水偏好率、旷场实验评分、内脏敏感性、小肠推进率、结肠黏膜HE染色及血清5-羟色胺( 5-HT) 、生长抑素(SS) 、血管活性肠肽（VIP）含量测定。结果：与模型对照组相比,柴胡疏肝散合济川煎能使模型大鼠的粪便粒数、粪便含水量、Bristol 分值、内脏敏感性、旷场试验评分、糖水偏好百分比、小肠推进率增加(P<0.01 或P<0.05),血清5-HT、SS含量降低(P<0.05),血清VIP含量升高（P<0.05）;与PEG-EP组、黛力新组相比,中药高剂量组大鼠血清5-HT、SS均降低(P<0.05),VIP水平升高(P<0.05)。结论：大鼠肝郁气滞合并阳虚型IBS-C模型制备成功,柴胡疏肝散合济川煎可改善模型大鼠肝郁和便秘症状,其作用机制可能与降低大鼠血清5-HT、SS含量和升高大鼠血清VIP含量有关。     

外伤性肝内胆汁瘤的CT与MRI表现

目的:探讨外伤性肝内胆汁瘤的CT与MRI表现特征。方法:回顾性分析10例临床证实的外伤性肝内胆汁瘤的影像资料。结果:全部病例有CT检查资料,2例病程中行MRI检查。全部病例伴肝实质挫裂伤,外伤后短期内CT或MRI检查提示肝内大片状低密度或长T1长T2信号影,随访中很快出现水样密度或信号影。其中囊状单发7例,多发3例。多发者沿胆管树呈囊袋状排列。除7例随访中渐小外,其余3例均经手术或超声或CT引导下引流治愈,其内容物均为胆汁成分。结论:认识外伤性肝内胆汁瘤CT与MRI表现特征对于诊断及进一步治疗具有重要意义。     

养殖大黄鱼越冬前后消化道及肝脏的形态结构变化

为了解越冬期饥饿对大黄鱼消化系统的影响,采用解剖及组织学显微与亚显微技术观察研究了象山港网箱养殖的大黄鱼越冬前后消化道及肝脏的形态结构变化。大黄鱼越冬后肝脏重比越冬前显著下降(P<0.05),肝指数(HSI)比越冬前极显著降低(P<0.01)。显微观察显示,越冬后食道皱襞高度显著增高(P<0.05),黏膜下层厚度极显著减小(P<0.01)。胃黏膜下层厚度在越冬后极显著增加(P<0.01),肌层厚度在越冬后显著减小(P<0.05);胃腺细胞越冬后收缩,间隙变大。越冬前,前肠绒毛间隙小,越冬后,前肠绒毛间隙变大,上皮细胞层高度极显著降低(P<0.01),前肠杯状细胞长径在越冬后极显著变小(P<0.01);中肠的皱襞高度和管腔直径在越冬后显著减小(P<0.05),皱襞宽度在越冬后极显著减小(P<0.01),浆膜厚度在越冬后极显著增大(P<0.01);后肠杯状细胞长径和短径在越冬后极显著减小(P<0.01),浆膜厚度在越冬后显著增大(P<0.05)。越冬前,肝脏内肝小叶分界不明显,肝细胞内脂滴较多;越冬后,肝脏内肝小叶分界明显,肝细胞内脂滴减少。透射电镜观察显示,越冬前肝细胞内脂滴小而数量多,细胞核周围粗面内质网发达;而越冬后脂滴变大、数量明显减少,细胞核周围粗面内质网亦减少。研究表明,养殖大黄鱼幼鱼越冬后消化道及肝组织结构发生了一定变化,肝脏中脂质被消耗,肝细胞蛋白合成作用减弱。建议在越冬后加强对大黄鱼的投饲管理,促进消化道及肝脏结构和功能恢复正常。