大震与重力异常突变带、活动断裂带关系及其流变模型

为了研究大震(M_s≥7)和巨震(M_s≥8)与重力异常和活动断裂的关系.利用EIGEN-6C重力模型计算了相关地区的自由空气重力异常, 查阅了相关地区的布格重力异常和活动断裂构造.分析了重力异常突变带和活动断裂带与这些地震的空间分布.发现大震和巨震常在重力异常突变带和活动断裂带交汇处发生.结合前人对地球深部构造特征的研究, 提出了一种流变模型来解释大地震发生于重力异常突变带和活动断裂带交汇处的原因: 地壳深部流变层(体)流动受阻碍而引起重力异常和能量积累与释放.      

华北克拉通重力梯度带两侧晚中生代火山岩地球化学特征对比研究及其对岩石圈减薄的时空制约

对华北克拉通重力梯度带东西两侧的河北承德袁家庄和内蒙古四子王旗白脑包出露的晚中生代火山岩进行了地球化
学对比研究。全岩主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素数据表明,袁家庄火山岩和白脑包火山岩具有相似的地球化学特
征。这些火山岩轻、重稀土强烈分异,富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb,Ba,Th,U,K等),亏损高场强元素(如Nb,Ta,Zr,
Hf,Ti等);其同位素具有高(87Sr/86Sr)i,低εNd(t)和低εHf(t)的特征,因此认为袁家庄和白脑包火山岩具有相似的源区,即均来
源于被交代的古老岩石圈地幔的部分熔融。结合文献资料,作者认为,这些晚中生代火山岩是华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的直
接产物,中生代时期华北克拉通岩石圈的减薄不仅仅局限于重力梯度带以东地区,以西的部分地区也有发生。 chengxu       

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000510

In this paper,we analyze lithospheric density distribution of China and surrounding regions on the basis of 300300gravity data and 1 1 P-wave velocity data.Firstly,we used the empirical equation between the density and the P-wave velocity difference as the base of the initial model of the Asian lithospheric density.Secondly,we calculated the gravity anomaly,caused by the Moho discontinuity and the sedimentary layer discontinuity,by the Parker formula.Thirdly,the gravity anomaly of the spherical harmonics with 2e40 order for the anomalous body below the lithosphere is calculated based on the model of EGM96.Finally,by using Algebra Reconstruction Techniques(ART),the inversion of 300300residual lithospheric Bouguer gravity anomaly caused by the lithosphere yields a rather detailed structural model.The results show that the lithospheric density distribution of China and surrounding regions has a certain connection with the tectonic structure.The density is relatively high in the Philippine Sea plate,Japan Sea,the Indian plate,the Kazakhstan shield and the Western Siberia plain,whereas the Tibetan Plateau has low-density characteristics.The minimum value of density lies in the north of Philippines,in the Taiwan province and in the Ryukyu island arc.     

Archean-Paleoproterozoic Lithospheric Mantle at the Northern Margin of the North China Craton Represented by Tectonically Exhumed Peridotites

Tectonically emplaced peridotites from North Hebei Province, North China Craton, have retained an original harzburgite mineral assemblage of olivine(54%–58%) + orthopyroxene(40%–46%)+minor clinopyroxene(1%)+spinel. Samples with boninite-like chemical compositions also coexist with these peridotites. The spinels within the peridotites have high-Al end-members with Al_2O_3 content of 30 wt % –50 wt %, typical of mantle spinels. When compared with experimentally determined melt extraction trajectories, the harzburgites display a high degree of melting and enrichment of SiO_2, which is typical of cratonic mantle peridotites. The peridotites display variably enriched light rare earth elements(REEs), relatively depleted middle REEs and weakly fractionated heavy REEs, which suggest a melt extraction of over 25% in the spinel stability field. The occurrence of arc-and SSZ-type chromian spinels in the peridotites suggests that melt extraction and metasomatism occurred mostly in a subduction-related setting. This is also supported by the geochemical data of the coexisting boninite-like samples. The peridotites have ~(187)Os/~(188)Os ratios ranging from 0.113–0.122, which is typical of cratonic lithospheric mantle. These ~(187)Os/~(188)Os ratios yield model melt extraction ages(TRD) ranging from 981 Ma to 2054 Ma, which may represent the minimum estimation of the melt extraction age. The Al_2O_3-~(187)Os/~(188)Os-proxy isochron ages of 2.4 Ga–2.7 Ga suggest a mantle melt depletion age between the Late Achaean and Early Paleoproterozoic. Both the peridotites and boninite-like rocks are therefore interpreted as tectonically exhumed continental lithospheric mantle of the North China Craton, which has experienced mantle melt depletion and subduction-related mantle metasomatism during the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic.     

Intraplate earthquakes and their link with mantle dynamics: Insights from P-wave teleseismic tomography along the northern part of the North–South Tectonic Zone in China

The North–South Tectonic Zone (NSTZ) running across the Chinese continent is an important earthquake-prone zone. Around one third of the strong earthquakes (> 7.0) of China in the past occurred in this region. Receiver function study has imaged vertical convection in the mantle beneath the northern part of the NSTZ (NNSTZ), which might be related to stress accumulation and release as well as related earthquakes. Here we perform a P-wave teleseismic tomographic analysis of this region. Our results reveal prominent low-velocity and high-velocity perturbations in the upper mantle beneath this region, which we correlate with mantle upwelling, possibly resulting from lower crustal and (or) lithospheric delamination. Our results also reveal significant contrast in the velocity perturbation of the lithosphere along the two sides of this tectonic zone, suggesting possible material exchange between the eastern and western domains and lithosphere-scale control on the generation of earthquakes.     

华北地区中生代玄武岩高Nb/Ta值对地壳岩石再循环的直接记录

为揭示中国东部中生代大规模岩石圈减薄作用的深部地幔地球化学响应,对华北东部5个地区的中生代玄武岩进行了ICP-MS分析。结果表明,119~125 Ma玄武岩不仅具显著分异的稀土元素组成(La/Yb=35~60)、岛弧玄武岩型微量元素分布特征,且具高Ni(210×10-6~510×10-6)和Cr(510×10-6~1400×10-6)含量、高Mg#(71~78),以及系统高于球粒陨石的Nb/Ta值[19.9±1.0(1σ),n=16];而100 Ma碱锅玄武岩具有与球粒陨石(17.6)接近的Nb/Ta值[17.3±0.2(1σ)]。再循环地壳岩石在金红石稳定域内以榴辉岩为残余的部分熔融体 地幔橄榄岩反应,不仅使地幔岩石熔点降低、获得高Nb/Ta值及石榴子石特征,而且橄榄石向辉石的转变反应使Ni和Cr在交代地幔中的总分配系数显著降低。受熔体交代地幔橄榄岩的部分熔融可合理解释119~125 Ma玄武岩的上述地球化学特征,玄武岩Nb/Ta值应是对岩石圈减薄过程中地壳物质返回地幔后熔融产生硅质熔(流)体对上覆地幔交代的直接地球化学记录。     

塔里木盆地高分辨率卫星磁异常特征

本文使用美国国家地球物理数据中心(NGDC)提供的岩石圈磁场球谐模型的球谐系数,计算了塔里木盆地16~720阶、高度为0 km的垂向分量ΔZ,反映了塔里木地区高分辨率的卫星磁异常特征.盆地北部和南部的磁性特征明显不同,分界线大体在北纬40°附近,北部表现为东西向的负异常,南部表现为正异常特征,整体呈北东走向,中部被北西向异常所叠加.结合区域地质背景,对盆地内部的磁异常特征综合分析表明,盆地基底可能并非一个完整块体,而是由多个古老地块拼合而成.     

Jurassic Tectonic Revolution in China and New Interpretation of the “Yanshan Movement”

With acquisition and accumulation of new data of structural geological investigations and high-resolution isotopic dating data, we have greatly improved our understanding of the tectonic events occurring in eastern China during the period from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and may give a new interpretation of the nature, timing and geodynamic settings of the “Yanshan Movement”. During the Mid-Late Jurassic （165±5 Ma）, great readjustment of plate amalgamation kinematics took place in East Asia and the tectonic regime underwent great transformation, thus initiating a new tectonic regime in which the North China Block was the center and different plates converged toward it from the north, east and southwest and forming the “East Asia convergent” tectonic system characterized by intracontinental subduction and orogeny. As a consequence, the crustal lithosphere of the East Asian continent thickened considerably during the Late Jurassic, followed immediately by Early Cretaceous substantial lithospheric thinning and craton destruction featured by drastic lithospheric extension and widespread volcano-magmatic activities, resulting in a major biotic turnover from the Yanliao biota to Jehol Biota. Such a tremendous tectonic event that took place in the continent of China and East Asia is the basic connotation of the “Yanshan Movement”. In the paper, according to the deformation patterns, geodynamic settings and deep processes, the “Yanshan Movement” is redefined as the Late Jurassic East Asian multi-directional plate convergent tectonic regime and its associated extensive intracontinental orogeny and great tectonic change that started at -165±5 Ma. The substantial lithospheric attenuation in East China is considered the post-effect of the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny and deformation.     

松辽盆地北部断陷区营城组火山岩锆石SHRIMP年代学、地球化学及其意义

松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷区营城组广泛发育有一套以酸性喷发岩为主的中酸性火山岩,包括玄武粗安岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及流纹质火山碎屑岩等,属钙碱性岩类,亚碱性系列。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年代学研究揭示研究区营城组火山岩形成于113Ma至111Ma之间,属早白垩世的Aptian期至Albian早期。岩石地球化学表明,流纹岩类均表现为富集Rb、Th、Zr等元素,亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti、Eu等元素,安山岩类则亏损不明显,英安岩类介于两者之间,结合Nd同位素测试结果,认为营城组中-酸性火山岩是同源岩浆演化的结果。通过构造环境图解判别表明营城组火山岩形成于板内拉张构造背景,是中国东部早白垩世大规模岩石圈减薄和岩浆作用的产物。     

中国东部壳-幔、岩石圈-软流圈之间的相互作用带：特征及转换时限

中国东部中—新生代,下部岩石圈存在壳与幔、岩石圈与软流圈两个相互作用带,它们是重要的岩浆源区,在层圈相互作用中,热和物质的交换及其动力学过程是引起中、新生代岩石圈内部层圈间的厚度调整、岩石圈不均匀减薄以及区域构造-岩浆-成矿作用的重要机理。大陆内部的壳-幔作用有3种类型:地幔来源的底侵熔体与下地壳的作用;下地壳拆沉进入弱化(weakening)了的岩石圈地幔二者发生的作用以及陆-陆碰撞深俯冲带的壳-幔相互作用。它们形成的火山岩组合有一定的差别,但源区都含有地壳组分。岩石圈-软流圈的作用带也是重要的岩浆源区,源区是以软流圈地幔为主,基本不含地壳组分。东部岩石圈的减薄时间大体与出现大规模软流圈来源的玄武岩喷发的时间一致,也与上述两类层圈作用转换的时间一致,大约在100Ma以后。