Deep crustal structure and rheology of the Gascoyne volcanic margin,western Australia

Interpretation of deep seismic reflection data across the Gascoyne Margin reveals six distinct seismic facies units related to the tectono-magmatic breakup history. On the outer Exmouth Plateau four large scale units are identified: (1) an extensively block-faulted upper crust; (2) a middle-crustal unit of discontinuous, undulatory reflectors; (3) a reflection-free deep crustal unit; and (4) a lower-crustal band of low-frequency, high-amplitude reflectors. Two additional units are found near the continent-ocean boundary (COB); (5) seaward-dipping reflectors (SDR); and (6) landward-dipping reflectors in the lower crust below the SDR. The lower-crustal high-reflectivity band, located near the top of a high-velocity unit (V_p > 7 kms^–1), is interpreted as magmatic underplating. There is a spatial correlation between the underplated area and the presence of extensive upper-crustal block-faulting and intrusive rocks in the shallow crust. The undulatory middle-crustal reflector unit is also only identified in the outer plateau area, and is interpreted as a zone in which the upper-crustal faults terminate. The inner parts of the margin consist of a deep basin showing little upper-crustal faulting and no evidence of middle crustal deformation or underplating. Theoretical modeling of the effect of rifting and magmatic underplating on crustal strength profiles suggests that the brittle-ductile transition may migrate at least 5 km upwards during several million years after the underplating event. Based on the seismic interpretation and crustal strength modeling we propose that the seismic structure of the outer Exmouth Plateau is severely modified by a transient change in the crustal rheological structure associated with magmatic underplating.     

中国东部含金矽卡岩矿床分布规律 与深部地球物理背景研究

在收集整理中国大陆上十几条地学断面、数十条地震剖面、大地电磁剖面、地壳上地幔剪切波资料的基础上,对含金矽卡岩矿床的深部地球物理背景进行了深入的研究,作者认为岩石圈剪切带是控制含金矽卡岩矿床的最主要的深部地球物理背景条件。壳内低速高导层因与地幔流体分布有关,同样对含金矽卡岩矿床有控制作用、大（ 深） 断裂带的交汇部位控制着与矿有关的中酸性侵入岩浆,可以利用这些因素的共同制约作用进一步圈定含金矽卡岩矿床和铜伴生金矽卡岩矿床分布的远景预测区。     

Thermal Structure and Rheology of the Upper Mantle beneath Guangdong and Hainan Provinces, China

１．Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｓｔａｔｅａｎｄｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒｍａｎｔｌｅａｒｅｏｆｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ,ａｎｄｅｖｅｎｆｏｒｉｔｓ３ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｏｒ４ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｍａｐｐｉｎｇ（Ｏ’ＲｅｉｌｌｙａｎｄＧｒｉｆｆｉｎ,１９８５;Ｏ’Ｒｅｉｌｌｙｅｔａｌ．,１９９６;Ｘｕｅｔａｌ．１９９５;Ｘｕｅｔａｌ．,１９９…     

福建明溪上地幔热结构及流变学特征

通过对采自福建明溪的幔源包体样品的详细研究,建立了该区上地幔的地温线,探讨其流变学特征。所获地温线高于大洋地温线,但稍低于中国东部和澳大利亚东南部地温线。由该地温线推导的壳幔边界为３８ｋｍ左右,但尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在３２ｋｍ左右即已开始出现,表明存在上地幔物质的底侵作用。同样,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和石榴子石二辉橄榄岩包体平衡温度有所重叠,表明两者不是截然分开,其间存在有５￣１０ｋｍ的过渡带。包体的变形特     

青藏高原东北缘瑞利面波成像：射线理论与程函方程结果的比较

青藏高原东北缘是青藏高原隆升的前缘地带,其构造变形特征一直是研究的热点。前人在该区域进行过面波成像研究,但不同结果存在较明显的差异,可能与不同成像方法的分辨率有关,此次研究分别使用基于射线的方法和基于程函方程的方法进行了瑞利波相速度成像。笔者对比了20 s、30 s和60 s的成像结果,两种方法的结果表现出相似的速度特征。总体的速度特征与研究区域的主要构造单元分布相吻合,青藏高原东北缘表现出低速异常,鄂尔多斯块体表现出高速异常。在银川河套地堑,基于程函方程的成像在20 s和30 s得到更明显的低速异常,低速异常体的分布与地堑的轮廓吻合更好,说明基于程函方程的方法对数据利用更充分。     

辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

研究区位于华北克拉通北缘东段、华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的交接部位。本文通过对辽北开原地区房木花岗斑岩的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究,探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因和构造环境,并进一步探讨了华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的起始时间。用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb同位素,获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（117±1）Ma,表明花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世。花岗斑岩具有高硅、富碱、贫镁和钙的特征,富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb）和高场强元素（Th、Ta、Nb）,亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti元素,稀土配分曲线均呈现右倾海鸥型,具有明显的负Eu异常;显示研究区花岗斑岩为A型（A₁亚型）花岗岩,形成于古太平洋俯冲的后造山伸展环境,其岩浆源于地幔物质上涌而导致的地壳物质重熔。研究区在（156±1）Ma之前,属于挤压造山环境,表明研究区岩石圈减薄时间应处于156~117 Ma之间。     

浅谈边坡稳定性分析方法

综述边坡稳定性分析方法及其研究的一些新进展,从定性、定量、非确定性、流变以及动力分析等方面进行了详细论述,指出各种方法的优缺点。     

Effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere from joint inversion in western China and its implications*

The western China lies in the convergence zone between Eurasian and Indian plates. It is an ideal place to study the lithosphere dynamics and tectonic evolutions on the continental Earth. The lithospheric strength is a key factor in controlling the lithosphere dynamics and deformations. The effective elastic thickness (T_e) of the lithosphere can be used to address the lithospheric strength. Previous researchers only used one of the admittance or coherence methods to investigate the T_e in the western China. Moreover, most of them ignored the internal loads of the lithosphere during the T_e calculation, which can produce large biases in the T_e estimations. To provide more reliable T_e estimations, we used a new joint inversion method that integrated both admittance and coherence techniques to compute the T_e in this study, with the WGM2012 gravity data, the ETOPO1 topographic data, and the Moho depths from the CRUST1.0 model. The internal loads are considered and investigated using the load ratio (F). Our results show that the joint inversion method can yield reliable T_e and F values. Based on the analysis of T_e and F distributions, we suggest (1) the northern Tibetan Plateau could be the front edge of the plate collision of Eurasian and Indian plates; (2) the southern and part of central Tibetan Plateau have a strong lithospheric mantle related to the rigid underthrusting Indian plate; (3) the southeastern Tibetan Plateau may be experiencing the delamination of lithosphere and upwelling of asthenosphere.     

移动状态边界面法在黏性土不排水蠕变孔压分析中的应用

在黏性土的各种流变现象的数学模拟研究中,不排水蠕变孔压方程几乎是空白。基于临界状态土力学理论,采用与时间相关的移动状态边界面法,给出了适用于正常固结黏性土的不依赖状态边界面具体形态的不排水蠕变孔压公式。正常固结黏性土的不排水蠕变孔压可以看作是体积蠕变势和剪应力水平增大造成的剪缩这两种作用的结果,前者与参数 有关（ 为次压缩指数, 为压缩指数）,后者则与状态边界面的具体形态有关。在此基础上进一步给出了可方便用于试验数据分析的双对数和单对数形式的两个公式。以修正剑桥模型椭圆形状态边界面为例,分析了双对数和单对数坐标系下蠕变孔压曲线的斜率m和m′与土的流变参数 的关系。采用提出的方法,很好地预测了Walkers给出的Leda clay黏土的蠕变孔压系数,并基于以上两种作用解释了Leda clay黏土的蠕变孔压形成的机制。