风云二号气象卫星姿态和沿步进方向失配角参数对图像影响的模拟研究

用模拟的方法研究了卫星姿态、沿步进方向失配角参数对风云二号气象卫星图像定位影响及其随时间的变化规律。模拟结果表明, 参数偏差对图像定位的影响有很强的规律性; 参数的偏差将导致图像网格失真和图像定位不准; 不同参数对卫星图像定位的影响不同。由模拟生成的典型误差图像为风云二号高精度图像定位模型的建立和图像定位误差分析提供了依据。     

城市和森林空气负离子浓度与气象环境关系的通径分析

气象环境与负氧离子浓度关系存在很多的不确定性。利用宿迁市城市和森林区一年负离子观测资料和气象观测资料,使用通径分析方法,结果表明空气负氧子浓度会随着时间、环境的改变而有所不同,森林区的空气负离子浓度要高于城市区,而且这种负离子浓度的差异在夏、秋季节更为明显。气象环境中总云量、平均风速和日照百分率同城市和森林空气负离子浓度相关性不显著。日平均水汽压既是对大气负离子浓度作用最大的直接因子,也是最大的间接因子;日平均气温对城市和森林区负离子浓度具有仅次于平均水汽压的直接效应。城市区和森林区气象要素对负离子浓度的剩余通径系数达到0．8以上,表明气象因子对大气负离子浓度的影响较轻,环境中可能存在影响空气负离子浓度的其他重要因素。     

Selective Separation/Preconcentration of Silver Ion in Water by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Microcolumn as a Sorbent

The present paper proposes the application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a solid adsorbent for selective separation/preconcentration of silver(I) in water samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The procedure is based on the solid phase extraction of Ag(I)–2‐mercaptobenzothiazole chelate on MWCNTs. The elution step is carried out with 5 mL of 2 mol L^?1 HNO₃ in acetone solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min^?1. The influences of the various analytical parameters including pH of the solution, eluent type, sample volume, flow rates of eluent, matrix ions were investigated for optimization of the presented procedure. Tests of addition/recovery for analyte ion in real samples were performed with satisfactory results. Preconcentration factor and limit of detection for Ag(I) were 160 and 0.21 µg L^?1, respectively. The synthesized MWCNT exhibited excellent stability in eluent solution and its adsorption capacity was 5.4 mg of silver per gram of sorbent. The proposed method was successfully applied to trace silver determination in a variety of environmental water samples.     

2013年仙游M_S4.8地震福建水化学前兆异常

2013年9月4日福建仙游(25.6°N,118.8°E)发生MS4.8地震,福建水化学台网震前有多项前兆数据出现异常变化,异常测项随着临震而增加,异常集中出现在6—9月;水化学异常大多表现为中期异常,其次为短期、短临异常。其中,氟离子高值异常显著,异常井多,时间长;在时间进程上,有些前兆异常具有明显的层次性和阶段性;在异常形态上,多井异常形态变化显示一致性和不一致性,个体与群体异常形态变化显示差异性。     

A statistical study of the upstream intermediate ion boundary in the Earth’s foreshock

A statistical investigation of the location of onset of intermediate and gyrating ion populations in the Earths foreshock is presented based on Fixed Voltage Analyzer data from ISEE 1. This study reveals the existence of a spatial boundary for intermediate and gyrating ion populations that coincides with the reported ULF wave boundary. This boundary position in the Earths foreshock depends strongly upon the magnetic cone angle _BX and appears well defined for relatively large cone angles, though not for small cone angles. As reported in a previous study of the ULF wave boundary, the position of the intermediate-gyrating ion boundary is not compatible with a fixed growth rate of the waves resulting from the interaction between a uniform beam and the ambient plasma. The present work examines the momentum associated with protons which travel along this boundary, and we show that the variation of the boundary position (or equivalently, the associated particle momentum) with the cone angle is related to classical acceleration mechanisms at the bow shock surface. The same functional behavior as a function of the cone angle is obtained for the momentum predicted by an acceleration model and for the particle momentum associated with the boundary. However, the model predicts systematically larger values of the momentum than the observation related values by a constant amount; we suggest that this difference may be due to some momentum exchange between the incident solar-wind population and the backstreaming particles through a wave-particle interaction resulting from a beam plasma instability.     

Thermoluminescence characteristics of quartz implanted by nickel ion

The implantation of artificial quartz with nickel ion has succeeded in using a heavy ion accelerator. The quartz with nickel ion is called ”nickel quartz“. The sensitivity of their thermoluminescence (TL) response to the beta radiation was decreased with the increasing of irradiating and heating times. Two TL characteristics have appeared: the sensitivity of TL response at lower temperature (ll0°C) peaks of the nickel quartz to beta radiation is higher than that of the pure quartz, this results from the Ni⁺¹ ion entering the quartz lattice; and a new peak appearing at 445°C may be related with both Ni⁺¹ and Ni⁺³.     

The calculation of TV, VT, VV, VV′ - rate coefficients for the collisions of the main atmospheric components

The first-order perturbation approximation is applied to calculate the rate coefficients of vibrational energy transfer in collisions involving vibrationally excited molecules in the absence of non-adiabatic transitions. The factors of molecular attraction, oscillator frequency change, anharmonicity, 3-dimensionality and quasiclassical motion have been taken into account in the approximation. The analytical expressions presented have been normalized on experimental data of VT-relaxation times in N₂ and O₂ to obtain the steric factors and the extent of repulsive exchange potentials in collisions N₂–N₂ and O₂–O₂. The approach was applied to calculate the rate coefficients of vibrational-vibrational energy transfer in the collisions N₂–N₂, O₂–O₂ and N₂–O₂. It is shown that there is good agreement between our calculations and experimental data for all cases of energy transfer considered.     

利用原子力显微镜与能谱-扫描电镜研究页岩孔隙结构特征

已有研究表明页岩中纳米孔隙与组成导电膜的金颗粒处在同一量级,使得页岩中纳米孔隙在一定程度上被金颗粒掩埋,导致页岩中纳米孔隙被“二次改造”,从而无法真实观察到页岩中孔隙的形态特征;其次,由于受仪器分辨率、景深等因素的制约,无法观察到孔隙的三维展布特征。因此,如何真实地揭示纳米孔隙的空间结构特征,以及如何有效避免金颗粒对页岩储层中纳米孔隙的“二次改造”一直是微区分析的难点。本文通过扫描电镜（SEM）与原子力显微镜（AFM）方法组合观察到四川盆地龙马溪组黑色页岩中有机孔与无机孔在二维平面的分布存在较强的非均值性,孔径与孔隙的空间延展性呈现明显的正相关关系。有机孔呈蜂窝状分布,孔径主要分布在微米量级0.1~0.4μm,孔隙在三维空间呈现明显的“一体化”特征,具有较好的空间连通性;无机孔主要发育黏土矿物的层间孔隙,孔径主要分布在纳米量级16~57nm,此外见少量的矿物粒内不规则状溶蚀孔。研究认为,页岩中孔隙在二维平面的非均值性导致孔隙、喉道的分布会发生突变,从而影响储层的储集性能;页岩中孔隙在三维空间的非均值性导致页岩储层的渗透率在纵向上出现较大的差异,从而影响储层的物性特征。     

西北太平洋热带风暴活动及其影响

在翔实资料统计的基础上,分析了西北太平洋热带风暴的一般特征、活动阶段、源地及活动区、强度、寿命等,讨论了热带风暴致灾的主要因素,介绍了在我国登陆台风的年际变化、年内变化、登陆地区分布以及历史上几次强台风的登陆及灾害损失情况.     

离子色谱法测定煤中的氯

采用离子色谱法测定原煤中的总氯,标准工作曲线的线性范围在０ ．０１ ～２４ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,相关系数为０ ．９９９ ８ ,测定ρ（ Ｃｌ－ ） ＝ １ ．２０ ｍｇ／ Ｌ 的标准溶液１０ 次,ＲＳＤ 为０ ．７７ ％ 。用艾氏卡试剂在８００ ℃±２５ ℃下分解煤样,去离子水浸提后用离子色谱法测定原煤中的总氯。测定了１８ 个煤样中的氯,加标回收率为９７ ．８ ％ ～１０４ ．４ ％ ,与银量滴定法对照,两种方法基本相符。