中国数字地震台网数据管理中心日常工作软件的升级和应用

文中阐述了中国数字地震台网数据管理中心（ＣＤＳＮ ＤＭＣ）日常工作软件的升级和升级后新软件的主要功能,并结合新软件的主要命令及运行实例,对升级后软件的实际应用作了简要叙述。     

渤海湾表层沉积物重金属与污染评价

用原子吸收法测定了渤海湾表层沉积物中重金属的含量,同时用2种评价方法对该海域底质环境进行了评价。结果表明:沉积物中汞、锌含量平均值超过标准,其余项目未发现超标;其分布特征由于受沿岸不同污染源的污染影响,重金属污染物难以形成一定规律的分布状态。同时该海域底质环境质量总指数已达到污染程度和很强的生态危害,其中主要污染元素是Hg,已达重污染,并形成极强的生态危害。     

深孔绳索取心钻杆质量控制措施

在优化深孔绳索取心钻杆结构设计、选用优质钢材基础上,制定合理的加工工艺和检测规程,配齐相应的检测器具。通过严格的工艺控制,确保钻杆质量稳定,满足深孔绳索取心钻进需要。     

岩溶区集中式饮用水源地水质评价与保护——以毕节市倒天河水库和利民水库为例

采用SPSS软件，对2003年01月至2004年12月期间，倒天河水库和利民水库逐月水质监测数据进行数理统计分析，结果表明毕节市饮用水水质污染有较明显的季节变化和空间差异；且不同污染物对水体污染的贡献率各不相同，总磷和粪大肠菌群所占份额最大，方差累积贡献率达77％。在此基础上，利用加权综合污染指数对水体水质污染现状进行综合评价，结果显示倒天河水库和利民水库，水质污染总体较轻．饮用水水质符合《地表水环境质量标准（GB3838—2002）》中Ⅲ类水质标准；最后提出加大水环境保护的建议。     

Quality control methods for KOOS operational sea surface temperature products

Sea surface temperature SST obtained from the initial version of the Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS) SST satellite have low accuracy during summer and daytime. This is attributed to the diurnal warming effect. Error estimation of SST data must be carried out to use the real-time forecasting numerical model of the KOOS. This study suggests two quality control methods for the KOOS SST system. To minimize the diurnal warming effect, SSTs of areas where wind speed is higher than 5 m/s were used. Depending on the wind threshold value, KOOS SST data for August 2014 were reduced by 0.15°C. Errors in SST data are considered to be a combination of random, sampling, and bias errors. To estimate bias error, the standard deviation of bias between KOOS SSTs and climatology SSTs were used. KOOS SST data yielded an analysis error standard deviation value similar to OSTIA and NOAA NCDC(OISST) data. The KOOS SST shows lower random and sampling errors with increasing number of observations using six satellite datasets. In further studies, the proposed quality control methods for the KOOS SST system will be applied through more long-term case studies and comparisons with other SST systems.     

生态疏浚对太湖五里湖湖区生态环境的影响

五里湖作为太湖富营养化最严重的区域,内源污染和生态退化成为困扰五里湖最主要的两个问题.生态清淤工程的特点是对所要疏浚污染底泥污泥厚度通过采样分析后精确测定,并且在施工过程中的控制精度也高于一般的工程疏浚.所以生态清淤既可以清除五里湖的内源污染,又能为其生态恢复创造条件.本文通过对五里湖生态疏浚对生态系统的影响,疏浚区底泥、水质质量的改善的效果以及对原位培养生物的抗氧化系统组分变化等多个方面进行分析评价,发现,五里湖生态疏浚区底泥中磷含量下降了30%,左右,重金属含量升高的地质积累指数小于1级.疏浚后半年内水体中总磷和溶解磷含量比疏浚前下降10%-25%左右,叶绿素a含量下降40%,左右,其它水质理化参数保持正常.作为生物标志物原位培养生物的抗氧化系统组分在疏浚前后变化较小所以认为,五里湖疏浚达到了一定的效果,并且控制了对生态的压力,为下一步生态修复创造了条件.     

Consumption,growth and survival of the endemic stream shredder Limnephilus atlanticus (Trichoptera,Limnephilidae) fed with distinct leaf species

Oceanic freshwater communities tend to be species poor but rich in endemism due to their physical isolation. The ecology of endemic freshwater species is, however, poorly known. This study assessed allometric relationships, feeding preferences, growth and survival of larvae of the endemic stream insect Limnephilus atlanticus (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) exposed to four leaf species differing in their physical and chemical characteristics (Ilex perado, Morella faya, Alnus glutinosa and Clethra arborea), in laboratory trials. All regression models used to estimate L. atlanticus dry mass from body and case dimensions and wet mass were significant, but wet mass and body length were the best predictors. Limnephilus atlanticus consumed all the four leaf species offered, but when given a choice, shredders significantly preferred A. glutinosa over the other three leaf species. Relative larval growth rate was significantly higher when L. atlanticus fed on A. glutinosa and I. perado leaves in comparison with the other leaf species. Survival of 95% was found when individuals fed on A. glutinosa leaves while it decreased to 75% when they fed on the other leaf species. Our results suggest that L. atlanticus can be an active shredder and that it exhibits the same basic patterns of food exploitation as its continental counterparts. The lack of an effect of shredders on litter decomposition in Azorean streams revealed by previous studies may thus be due to low densities or to a preference for food resources other than the low quality native litter species.     

Using a groundwater quality negotiation support system to change land-use management near a drinking-water abstraction in the Netherlands

A negotiation support system (NSS) was developed to solve groundwater conflicts that arose during land-use management. It was set up in cooperation with the stakeholders involved to provide information on the impact of land use, e.g., agriculture, nature (forested areas), recreation, and urban areas, on the quality of both infiltrating and abstracted groundwater. This NSS combined simulation programs that calculate (1) the concentrations of nitrate in shallow groundwater for each land-use area and (2) the transport of nitrate in the groundwater-saturated zone. The user interface of the NSS enabled scenario analyses. The NSS was validated at a drinking-water abstraction near Holten (the Netherlands) using a spatial planning process aimed at sustainable land-use and groundwater-resource management. Two land-use scenarios were considered: a base scenario reflecting the autonomous development and an adapted land-use scenario. The calculated results for shallow groundwater provided an explicit spatial overview of the impact of historical land use and N application on the quality of abstracted groundwater as well as insight into the impact of changes in land use and N application. Visualization of the conflicting interests of agriculture and the drinking-water abstraction helped all stakeholders accept the necessary changes in land use identified by the adapted land-use scenario of the NSS. These changes were included in the preferred land-use management option in the regional planning process, which has since been formalized. The NSS provided system insight, scoping analyses, and education, in addition to generating quantitative information on the impact of land-use functions on groundwater quality.     

附着生物对太湖常见的两种沉水植物快速光曲线的影响

在水草生长比较旺盛的季节(7-8月),以水草较丰富的贡湖湾作为采样区域,野外采样结合室内分析研究太湖常见的两种沉水植物马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)及穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)叶上的附着生物的生物量;利用脉冲振幅调制叶绿素荧光仪研究去除附着生物前后两种沉水植物的光合作用的变化.结果表明,马来眼子菜和穗花狐尾藻两种沉水植物上的附着生物的现存量存在显著的差异,附着生物群落中自养生物与异养生物的比值没有显著差异;两种沉水植物在去除附着生物前后的光合参数有显著的变化,光合作用效率、半饱和光强、最大电子传递速率增加.这表明附着生物降低了沉水植物光合作用.     

养殖方式、光照强度对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长与存活的影响

采用生态学方法,研究了养殖方式、光照强度对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长与存活的影响。结果表明:在养殖方式实验中,哲罗鱼稚鱼体长、体质量均以室内静水组为最高,室内流水组其次,室外流水组最低。存活率以室内流水组为最高,室外流水组次之,室内静水组最低。统计分析表明养殖方式对哲罗鱼稚鱼终末体长、体质量、特定生长率、体长生长参数以及体长、体质量变异系数的影响均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。在光照实验中,哲罗鱼稚鱼的存活率、体长、体质量及特定生长率、体长生长参数均随光照强度的增加而增加,说明在哲罗鱼稚鱼室内培育阶段,适当地增加部分光照有利于其存活、摄食与生长。本研究结果为哲罗鱼高效养殖提供了科学依据。