印尼某电站基桩的负摩阻力及其措施

基于印尼某电站场地的工程地质条件,根据基桩负摩阻力的产生机理,分析确定了中性点的位置,计算了负摩阻力产生的下拉荷载;并结合膨润土泥浆护壁的作用机理,计算了采取较大直径预钻孔和膨润土泥浆护壁的措施后负摩阻力产生的下拉荷载.计算结果表明,前者大于单桩承载力设计值,因此不能采用预应力混凝土管桩方案;后者较前者显著降低,约为单桩承载力设计值的50%,因此可以采用预应力混凝土管桩方案.     

水流拖曳力对斜坡浅层土稳定性的影响分析

为研究强降雨条件下地表径流和裂隙水流的拖曳力作用对斜坡稳定性的影响,建立斜坡地表径流和地下水渗流耦合分析模型。采用Navier-Stokes方程描述地表径流和裂隙水流,Brinkman-extended Darcy方程描述土体和岩石中的渗流,并根据不同介质交界面处流速相等及剪应力连续的边界条件,推求各介质中的流速分布。应用Newton内摩擦定律求得水流对斜坡产生的拖曳力,进而将拖曳力嵌入刚体极限平衡理论对斜坡稳定性进行分析。典型斜坡实例计算结果表明,当未考虑拖曳力效应时,斜坡的安全系数为1.164,考虑水流对斜坡土体产生拖曳力效应时,斜坡的安全系数为1.089,斜坡安全系数降低了6.44%。这表明拖曳力作用对斜坡的稳定性存在不利影响,斜坡土体在近乎临界稳定状态下拖曳力将对斜坡失稳起到决定性作用。最后分别讨论了考虑拖曳力和不考虑拖曳力情况下斜坡的安全系数与径流水深、斜坡倾角、土层厚度之间的关系。分析表明,在其他条件相似的条件下,斜坡越陡,斜坡土体的安全系数下降越明显;斜坡安全系数随着斜坡倾角增加而不断降低,随着土层厚度的增加而不断降低。     

A chattering-free sliding-mode controller for underwater vehicles with fault-tolerant infinity-norm thrust allocation

There are two objectives to this paper. First, a chattering-free sliding-mode controller is proposed for the trajectory control of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Second, a new approach for thrust allocation is proposed that is based on minimizing the largest individual component of the thrust manifold. With regards to the former, a new adaptive term is developed that eliminates the high-frequency control action inherent in a conventional sliding-mode controller. As opposed to the common adaptive approach, the new adaptive term does not require the linearity condition on the dynamic parameters and the creation of a regressor matrix. In addition, it removes the need for a priori knowledge of upper bounds on uncertainties in the dynamic parameters of the ROV. With regards to the latter, it is demonstrated that minimizing the l_∞ norm (infinity-norm) of the thrust manifold ensures low individual thruster forces. The new control and thrust allocation concepts are implemented in numerical simulations of a work class ROV, and the chattering-free nature of the controller is demonstrated during typical ROV manoeuvres. In the simulation studies, the l_∞ norm-based thrust allocation problem is cast as a linear programming problem that allows direct incorporation of the thruster saturation limits and a fault-tolerant property. To achieve real-time solution rates for the l_∞ norm-based thrust allocation problem, a recurrent neural network is designed. In the simulation studies, the l_∞ norm-based thrust allocation provides smaller maximum absolute value of the largest component of the thrust manifold than that of a conventional l₂ norm (2-norm) minimization, satisfies the saturation limits of each thruster, and accommodates faults that are introduced arbitrarily during the manoeuvre.     

1987-2006年北方13省土地利用/覆盖变化驱动力分析

以北方13省为研究区,利用主成分分析与逐步多元回归分析方法,分析了研究区土地利用/覆盖变化的驱动机制.结果表明:(1)由于地域差异的原因,各个子区域中土地利用/覆盖类型变化的驱动因子有所不同;(2)社会经济要素是研究区土地利用/覆盖变化的主导驱动因子,尤其是人口因素发挥着重要作用;(3)气温、降水等自然因子对区域土地利用/覆盖变化也具有一定的制约作用,主要表现在东北和西北等受自然要素限制较为突出的地区.政策驱动因子在研究中没有得到反映,但不难判定国家生态环境政策无疑也对区域土地利用/覆盖的变化起到了非常重要的作用.     

波浪周期对海洋建筑物的影响

在影响海洋结构物设计的海洋环境动力因素如风、海浪、海流和海冰等中,通常海浪是最重要的。在考虑海浪对建筑物作用时,人们往往强调波高而对周期重视不够。本文通过模拟实验或理论计算进一步显示了波高和周期对于海洋建筑物设计具有同等重要性,只不过它们的表现形式不同而已。     

悬跨海底管道疲劳寿命分析研究

海底管道在服役期间由于各种原因会在某些管段形成悬跨。这些悬跨在海流力作用下,将产生涡激振动。这种涡激振动最终可能导致管道疲劳失效。管道在海流力作用下发生的涡激振动是管道振动和漩涡尾流振动耦合的结果。在建立管道振动模型和Matteoluca尾流振子模型基础上,对管道涡激振动动力响应特性进行分析。依据Miner线性损伤累积理论,采用S—N曲线法分析计算管道疲劳寿命。最后,针对海洋油气开发与生产,提出延长海底管道疲劳寿命的方法和措施。     

旅游发展与乡村劳动力回流研究——以西递村为例

采取社会资本的研究视角,以安徽省南部世界文化遗产地西递村旅游发展与社会经济变迁的基本事实为案例,主要提出了一种对乡村外出劳动力向原社区回流并参与非农产业生产现象的社会经济解释。研究发现:①社区按年向有本社区户口的普通社区成员提供总收入相当比例的稳定收入,是吸引外出劳动力回流的重要原因;②社会资本和社会关系网络的效力在社区的空间范围之内才能得到发挥,是社区精英人物及与其有亲密关系的社区成员留守或回流的原因。     

地铁隧道施工对邻近建筑物影响的研究

以某框架结构办公楼为研究对象,将建筑物和开洞地基看作一个有机的整体,按照结构-土体-隧道共同作用进行分析。利用有限元软件ANSYS10.0建立三维非线性有限元模型,研究计算了盾构法地铁隧道穿越建筑物时对建筑物自身沉降和内力的影响。分析结果表明,建筑物基础的沉降主要发生在地铁隧道穿越建筑物的区间段内;建筑物的横向倾斜随着盾构的掘进逐渐增大,而其纵向倾斜量最大值则出现在开挖面在建筑物中线附近时;在盾构穿越建筑物的过程中柱子的等效应 力增幅可达20.1 %;相对于弯矩而言,建筑物构件的扭矩变化更为显著;当开挖面越过建筑物20 m时其变形和内力均趋于稳定。     

Numerical study on the reverse drift force of floating BBDB wave energy absorbers

The motions and time-mean horizontal drift forces of floating backward-bent duct buoy wave energy absorbers in regular waves are calculated taking account of the oscillating surface-pressure due to the pressure drop in the air chamber above the oscillating water column within the scope of the linear wave theory. The present numerical results show that the time-mean drift forces of backward-bent duct buoys are in the reverse direction of propagation of the incident waves over specific frequency ranges as found by McCormick through his experimental work. The drift force has been calculated by the near-field method. A brief discussion on Maruo’s formula which shows that the time-mean drift force must be in the direction of propagation of the incident waves, has also been presented.     

A New Model for Ice Forces on A Conical Structure

The ice force is an important factor to be taken into account for offshore structures in cold regions, and the calculation method of the ice force is meaningful for the offshore structure design. The cone is now used as an optimal ice-resistant structure because it can cause bending failure of the ice sheet. The interaction between an ice sheet and a conical structure is studied in this paper and Croasdale‘s model is modified based on field observations. The newly built model separates the ice sheet into the emersed part and the floating part, and the equilibrium analyses are canied out respectively. The bending moment distribution of the ice sheet is analyzed for the determination of the position of bending failure, which serves as a supplementary restraint. The analytic solution of the ice foree on a conical structure is obtained it is verified with the experimental data of previous researches.