Upper Cretaceous deposits in the northwest of Saratov region, Part 2: Problems of chronostratigraphy and regional geological history

Problems of geochronological correlation are considered for the formations established in the study region with due account for data on the Mezino-Lapshinovka, Lokh and Teplovka sections studied earlier on the northwest of the Saratov region. New paleontological data are used to define more precisely stratigraphic ranges of some stratigraphic subdivisions, to consider correlation between standard and local zones established for different groups of fossils, and to suggest how the Upper Cretaceous regional scale of the East European platform can be improved. Considered in addition are paleogeographic environments in the study region during the Late Cretaceous epoch and principal stages of the regional geological evolution.     

Fluctuations and Variations in Coastal Marine Environments

Abstract. The manifold aspects of variability of coastal marine ecosystems are reviewed, with special reference to the response of species and communities. Fluctuations are defined as recurrent modifications in community structure, for instance due to seasonality, whereas variations are defined as changes permanently leading from a given community to a different one. Both patterns are described and linked to the interaction between life history traits and environmental factors. Resting stages are proposed to play a still underestimated role in the dynamics of coastal communities, especially for plankton. Rare species are considered as an essential constant of communities, being the source of potential variation and alternance in the contribution to the standing biomass.     

Growth and mortality of larval and juvenile Japanese seaperch Lateolabrax japonicus in relation to seasonal changes in temperature and prey abundance in the Chikugo estuary

Japanese seaperch Lateolabrax japonicus migrate from Ariake Bay to the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) zone of the Chikugo River and inhabit there through the post-migration period (15–20 mm in standard length). The feeding, growth and mortality during the post-migration period of Japanese seaperch were analyzed in relation to seasonal changes in temperature and prey concentration. Larvae and juveniles were collected from ten sampling stations at 4–7 day intervals from 24 February to 24 April 2005 in the Chikugo estuary. Based on the otolith microstructure analysis the sampled fish were divided into nine cohorts, each cohort covering a 5 day hatch date period (22 December 2004 to 4 February 2005). The growth coefficient (G, day⁻¹) was higher and the mortality coefficient (M, day⁻¹) was lower in the later cohorts. The ratio of G to M as an index of stage-specific survival during the post-migration period significantly increased as the season progressed and exceeded 1.0 in the last cohort examined. Variability in abundance of the major prey organism, Sinocalanus sinensis, had a significant effect on the Japanese seaperch ingestion rate. Increase in temperature and spring bloom of S. sinensis is concluded to provide the later cohorts with a higher survival probability through increasing ingestion and growth rates during their post-migration period in spring 2005.     

番红砗磲幼虫的生长

番红砗磲Tridacna crocea Lamarck由D形幼虫发育至幼苗(第26天),壳长净生长106.62μm,壳高净生长104.41μm。其生长过程可分为三个时期:面盘期幼虫生长快,壳高的增长大于壳长的增长;变态期幼虫生长平缓,壳长与壳高的增长接近均衡;两者之间的足面盘过渡期幼虫生长出现两个停滞期。壳长与壳高的关系可以H=0.99998L-21.81275表示,它们分别与铰合部长度的变化有联系。壳长/壳高和(1/2)壳高/铰合部长度两个比率呈现一定的规律性,并可预测幼虫足的发生。     

大别山及其邻近地区第三,四地震活跃期对比分析

本文对大别山及其邻近区域第三、第四地震活跃期的中强地震活动(M≥4.7级)时空演变特征进行了分析对比,据此对该区今后的地震活动趋势作出了估计。     

近交对壳金长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)幼虫期与稚贝期生长和存活的影响

以2014年构建的壳金长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)全同胞家系为亲本,通过近交和设置对照组的方法,研究了近交对壳金长牡蛎家系幼虫期与稚贝期生长和存活的影响。结果表明,在整个实验期间,壳金F1家系的壳高、壳长和存活率均小于对照组。壳金F1家系的壳高和壳长仅在1日龄、190日龄与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),存活率仅在20日龄时与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。幼虫期,壳金F1家系壳高的近交衰退率范围为0.85%—13.70%,壳长的近交衰退率范围为0.75%—10.83%,存活率的近交衰退范围为4.24%—27.44%。稚贝期,壳金F1家系壳高的近交衰退率范围为6.16%—9.90%,壳长的近交衰退率范围为1.76%—14.21%,存活率的近交衰退范围为1.92%—4.18%。     

油田开发阶段储层平面非均质性变化特征：以胜坨油田二区东营组三段为例

以胜坨油田二区东营组三段（以下简称东三段）为例，提出以非均质综合指数为表征参数，以其平面等值图为依据研究目的层不同开发时期储层的平面非均质性。分析了开发初期、开发中期和开发后期的非均质特征，得到了不同时期非均质性的变化规律；探讨了储层平面非均质性与剩余油分布的关系。研究表明，东三段储层的平面非均质程度随注水开发而变化；开发初期以中等—较强非均质性为主，开发中期非均质性增强，开发后期以较强非均质性为主；中部非均质性相对较强，西北部相对较弱；沉积微相主体部位的非均质性变弱，侧缘部位的非均质性变强；平面非均质性增强的趋势仍将持续下去。约75%的剩余油分布在较强非均质性的储层中。