潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生及其对硫酸盐响应研究进展

综述了潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生及其对硫酸盐还原过程响应的最新研究进展。潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生除竞争性底物醋酸和二氧化碳/氢气外,甲胺、三甲胺、甲醇和甲硫氨酸等非竞争性底物同样十分重要;潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生潜力较低;硫酸盐对甲烷产生抑制作用明显;底物、硫酸盐浓度、温度与pH值均对硫酸盐抑制甲烷产生过程产生影响,此外,潮汐、盐分、菌种数量与活性也是影响甲烷产生过程主要因子。     

Immediate impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on the prices and productions of grain and pork products

Based on field survey and statistical analysis, the immediate impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake happened on May 12, 2008, are evaluated from two aspects, i.e., the influence on the prices and yields of grain and pork products in the local region and that on China. Wenchuan Earthquake, undoubtedly, has some negative effects on the local agricultural yields in Sichuan Province. It has caused immediate impacts on the grain and livestock breeding industry in the earthquake worst-hit counties. For example, due to the earthquake, the grain yields in Sichuan Province will decreased more than 0.4% and the pork productions decrease 5% at least. Thus, prices of grain and pork products are likely to rise in local mountainous areas over a short term. Our studying results that the disaster rate, the hazard rate and the complete loss rate of grain productions are 18%, 10% and 6% respectively in the earthquake worst-hit counties, while the disaster rate in the eastern plain areas even reach to 30%-49%. Even so, the results of model analysis for sample survey indicates that Wenchuan Earthquake has caused only marginal impacts on agricultural production, does not heavily hurt the stability of the prices and yields of grain and pork products at the national level. In other words,Wenchuan Earthquake had not affected the overall situation of national agricultural production. It is estimated that the reduction rate of national grain yield is as low as 0.006%, and the price changes of grain and pork products are no more than 0.5% and 2.2% respectively.     

基于网络和档案系统 创建生产过程流程化管理

基于计算机网络平台和档案信息管理系统的过程流程化管理,是生产过程系统化管理的科学方式。以项目为核心、集勘察设计过程管理、生产运行管理、技术质量管理、档案信息管理为一体的勘察设计生产管理系统,改变了传统的粗放式管理模式,使生产管理走向精细化管理轨道,每个勘察设计项目从接受委托开始就进入管理系统,处于受控状态,直至产品交付,每一个环节在系统中都留下可供查找的信息,管理人员随时可利用相关信息和数据进行系统分析、形成分析报告,作为决策依据。新疆油田勘察设计研究院的设计流程管理系统通过近几年的运行,有效降低了设计成本和管理成本,提高了劳动生产率,其设计思想和技术方法有着广泛的实用价值和借鉴作用,该系统在勘察设计行业具有较好的推广应用前景。     

臭氧生成效率(OPE)相关研究进展

大气光化学系统的非线性特征增加了O3控制的复杂性,因此各种有助于O3控制对策制定的指标研究备受关注,臭氧生成效率(OPE)就属于这样一种指标。对OPE相关的主要研究成果进行了综述,回顾了OPE定义及计算方法的演变,总结了OPE的空间和季节变化研究结果,分析、讨论了影响OPE的几个主要因素,指出了OPE研究中存在的问题和未来需要加强的方面。我国OPE研究非常缺乏,鉴于我国城市和区域O3污染形势,建议开展多点位、长时间的OPE观测研究,并结合模式研究深化对我国O3问题的认识,寻找有效的O3控制对策。     

50年来新疆粮食增产因素的主成分分析

用主成分分析的方法研究新疆建国以来粮食增产的主要因素的贡献率。总结出新疆粮食增产不同阶段的相应特点：1949～1967年为面积推动阶段;1968～1974年为面积稳定与水利联合推动阶段;1975～1995年为单产提高与化肥联合推动阶段;1996～2001年为农机与水利联合推动阶段。由此总结出各要素的相互协调配合是粮食产量进一步提高的关键。在上述分析的基础上提出新疆粮食生产发展趋势是提高单产;大力发展节水农业;发展后续加工业。加快市场化进程。     

Ecotoxicological evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using marine invertebrate embryo–larval bioassays

The toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined using mussel, sea-urchin and ascidian embryo–larval bioassays. Fluorescent light exposure enhanced phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and hydroxypyrene toxicity in comparison with dark conditions, but not naphthalene and fluorene toxicity. The toxicity of PAHs was inversely related to their K_OW values following QSAR models derived for baseline toxicity of general narcotics, whereas the obtained regression using toxicity data from photoactivated PAHs significantly departed from the general narcosis model. Also, the mixture toxicity of five PAHs to the larval growth of the sea-urchin was compared with predictions derived from the concentration addition concept, indicating less than additive effects. Finally, we compared our toxicity data with worst-case environmental concentrations in order to provide a preliminary estimate of the risk to the marine environment. Naphthalene, fluorene and pyrene are not considered to pose a risk to sea-urchin, mussel or ascidian larvae, whilst phenanthrene and fluoranthene may pose a risk for mussel and sea-urchin. Moreover, a higher risk for those species is expected when we consider the photoactivation of the PAHs.     

计算机产业全球生产网络分析 —— 兼论其在中国大陆的发展

全球化与生产技术的发展进一步引导了社会生产组织的变革, 新的国际劳动分工深入 到产品内层次, 全球价值链和全球生产网络等开始被纳入诸多学科研究体系, 并更好地解释 了当今全球生产组织的新变化。文章首先从全球生产网络概念及研究综述入手, 探讨了计算 机产业全球生产网络的一般组织框架; 其次, 以价值链- 微笑曲线为对象对计算机产业全球 生产网络的价值分配及空间竞争性进行实证研究, 在此基础上进一步分析计算机产业全球生 产网络中的企业组织及其权力分配关系; 再次, 分析了目前中国计算机产业生产网络价值分 配结构及空间竞争性, 探讨中国大陆计算机产业融入全球生产网络的情况。     

南海原油和燃料油对仔虾和仔鱼的急性毒性试验

测定了南海原油、0号柴油和20号柴油对斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon、日本对虾Penaeusjoponicus、刀额新对虾Metapenaeusensis3种仔虾和黄鳍鲷和Sparuslatus、黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus、前鳞鲻MugilOphuyseni和七星鲈Lateolabraxjaponicus4种仔鱼的急性毒性。油类对仔虾和仔鱼的毒性大小顺序均为：0号柴油＞20号柴油＞南海原油。油类分散液的毒性大于其水溶性组分。在曝油的3种仔虾中,刀额新对虾对0号柴油和20号柴油的耐受力最弱,而日本对虾对南海原油最为敏感。曝油仔鱼对3种油类的耐受力顺序为：黄鳍绸＞黑鲷＞前鳞鲻,而七星鲈对0号柴油最为敏感。3种仔虾对油类的耐受力明显低于4种仔鱼。     

Biological control of short-term variations in the concentration of DMSP and DMS during a Phaeocystis spring bloom

In the spring of 1995, short-term variations in the concentration of particulate and dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) were monitored in the western Wadden Sea, a shallow coastal region in open connection with the North Sea. Significant correlations were found between abundance of Phaeocystis globosa and particulate DMSP; concentrations increased rapidly from 100 to 1650 nM in the middle of April. Highest DMS concentrations were found during the initial phase of the exponential growth of the bloom. DMS production and loss rates of DMSP and DMS were estimated experimentally during various phases of the bloom. DMS production and consumption were roughly in balance, with production only slightly exceeding consumption at the start of the bloom. Rates of production and consumption were highest during the exponential growth phase of Phaeocystis and declined in the course of the bloom (from 300–375 to less than 5 nmol dm⁻³ d⁻¹). Demethylation of DMSP increased during the bloom (from 11 to 1300 nmol dm⁻³ d⁻¹); it accounted for up to 100% of the DMSP loss at the end of the bloom. The shift from DMSP cleavage to demethylation in the course of a Phaeocystis bloom implies that DMS concentrations are not necessarily highest at the peak or towards the end of blooms.