Composition and ecological distribution of ichthyoplankton in eastern Beibu Gulf

Surveys were conducted in four seasons in the eastern Beibu Gulf from July 2006 to November 2007,to determine the ichthyoplankton composition,abundance,as well as environmental factors impacted on their spatiotemporal distributions.The fish eggs and larvae were sorted from 303 zooplankton quantitative samples,in which at least 1 order,60 families,31 genera and 61 species of fish eggs and larvae were identified.The species number was highest in summer whereas lowest in winter.With the most abundant fish egg (the average density was 2.41 ind./m 3),spring was the main spawning season,while the greatest mean density of fish larva was 1.35 ind./m 3 in summer.In the whole year around,fish eggs had the trends to aggregate in the nearshore of Guangxi coast,fish larvae were more abundant in the northern water.Relationships between fish eggs and larvae abundance and environmental factors were analyzed by using the Yield-Density model.The spatiotemporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in eastern Beibu Gulf was closely related to the Chl a concentration,and the optimal temperature,salinity and Chl a were 19.4-21.7 C,31.8-33.1 and 1.5-4.8 mg/m 3,respectively.Additionally,the distribution of fish larvae could be effected by ocean currents in summer and autumn.     

福建省主要海湾浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与丰度分布

根据2007年8月至2009年10月期间在福建省主要海湾的调查资料,对其浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布特点进行初步研究和探讨.结果表明,本调查海域共出现鱼卵和仔稚鱼68种,隶属于29科,主要是近海中上层鱼类、浅海底层鱼类和港湾河口型鱼类3个生态类型.各站鱼卵总平均丰度是497.5粒/网,仔稚鱼总平均丰度50.8个/网.优势种明显,占总量比例大;不同季节和不同海湾的种类数相差不大;数量平面分布呈现不同季节不同海湾差别较大,规律性不强,偶然性大等特点.     

程海螺旋藻养殖农业气象条件分析

在程海流域气象观测资料的基础上,利用气温、光强、日照时数等气象要素,结合螺旋藻正常生长发育对光、温等气象条件的要求,分析了程海湖养殖螺旋藻的利与弊。结果表明：（1）程海湖流域4～10月的月平均温度在20．1～23．3℃,满足螺旋藻较快生长的温度要求;6—9月,是最适宜螺旋藻生长的季节;11月至次年3月,不适宜螺旋藻生长。（2）程海湖流域光照充足,光照强度强,光照条件较好,但需注意过强的光照将会导致螺旋藻发生光解作用。（3）程海湖流域螺旋藻生产季节约1／4的阴天天气对螺旋藻的生长有一定的影响,冬季≤10℃的低温不利于螺旋藻种子冬季安全越冬。并进而得出程海湖的温度、日照时数、光强等气象条件对养殖螺旋藻均有不同程度的影响,但影响程度较小,适当采取措施即可满足螺旋藻正常生长。     

菲律宾蛤仔苗种土池中间培育及越冬生产实验

利用2．6hm^2和3．13hm^2 2个养虾池,经过池底清淤、底质改良、敌害清除、培养用水处理、繁殖基础饵料生物等工作后,分别移入在室内培育的菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum（Adams et Reeve））壳顶后期幼虫和双水管稚贝各80亿粒和9．7亿粒,经土池中间培育、越冬后,生产出2000-3000粒／500g幼贝7．9亿粒。自移入幼虫和稚贝到幼苗出池,成活率分别为4．5％和44．3％,达到了较高水平的中间培育、越冬成活率。     

星斑裸颊鲷胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼发育研究

对星斑裸颊鲷(Lethrinus nebulosusForska.l)的胚胎发育过程做了详细的观察和描述,并跟踪了孵化仔鱼的生长情况。结果表明,星斑裸颊鲷受精卵为浮性卵,卵径0.761 mm±0.019 mm,在水温27℃±1℃,盐度30~32的条件下,受精后约16.5 h孵化;在水温25℃±1℃,盐度30~32的条件下,受精后约17.83 h孵化。初孵仔鱼全长1.739~1.772 mm,仔鱼孵出2 d后开口,卵黄囊与油球已基本消耗完毕,大部分仔鱼开始摄食L-S型轮虫,开始由内源营养期向外源营养期过渡。同时发现在不同温度下,胚胎发育的时间、初孵仔鱼的大小、生长速度及卵黄囊的大小均不同。     

Inhibition of Fertilization and Larval Metamorphosis of the Coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) by Petroleum Products

Accidental oil spills from ships or rigs and inputs of effluent such as production formation water (PFW) are key perceived threats to tropical biota from industry activities. Scleractinian corals are an important functional component of tropical reefs and the abundance, diversity and resilience of coral communities can be used as an indicator of ecosystem health. In this paper, we report the effects of petroleum products, including water accommodated fractions (WAF) of crude oil, PFW and dispersant (Corexit 9527), on fertilization and larval metamorphosis of the widespread scleractinian coral, Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) in laboratory-based assays. At 20% v/v PFW fertilization was inhibited by 25%. This concentration was equivalent 0.0721 mg l⁻¹ total hydrocarbon (THC). In contrast, larval metamorphosis was more sensitive to this effluent, with 98% metamorphosis inhibited at the same concentration. Crude oil WAF did not inhibit fertilization of gametes until dispersant was introduced. Dispersed oil was slightly more toxic to fertilization than dispersant alone, suggesting toxicity to that event may be additive. The minimum concentration of dispersed oil which inhibited fertilization was 0.0325 mg l⁻¹ THC. Larval metamorphosis was more sensitive than fertilization to crude oil. Although crude oil and dispersant inhibited larval metamorphosis individually, this toxicity was magnified when larvae were exposed to combinations of both. Crude oil inhibited metamorphosis at 0.0824 mg l⁻¹ THC and at 0.0325 mg l⁻¹ THC when dispersed in 10% v/v (dispersant/oil). Management of petroleum-related risks to spawning corals should consider not only the occurrence of the annual coral spawning event, but also the subsequent 1–3-week period during which most larval metamorphosis and recruitment occur.     

延津沙地间套复种四熟栽培模式研究

根据小麦、西瓜、花生、玉米的不同生育特性,合理选用不同熟期的品种,安排空间和生育期调控,提出了小麦西瓜花生玉米四熟的间套复种栽培模式,并对模式的基本原理、主要栽培技术和经济效益加以分析和总结。     

延津沙地葡萄优质栽培技术

对延津沙地引种筛选的葡萄品种及其重要栽培技术加以总结,以期对周边同类型沙地提供可行的配套技术,推动沙地农业产业结构的调整。     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)幼体血液循环的活体观察

溞对中国对虾早期幼体的循环系统及血液流向进行了活体观察 ,描述了中国对虾早期幼体发育阶段中幼体循环系统血管的走向与分布、血液的流向及循环路径等 ,比较各期幼体循环系统的形态 ,并探讨对虾早期幼体循环系统的发育过程。