印尼巨大地震引起的云南水位异常记录及其意义

2004年12月26日和2005年3月29日印度尼西亚苏门答腊西北海域相继发生了2次巨大地震,云南地区的地下水位观测记录到了这2次地震的大量信息。文中给出了云南水位数字和模拟记录到的印尼2次巨大地震的响应情况,并对其进行了初步分析。认为:目前的水位模拟记录较数字化记录能更清晰地看到巨大地震引起的水位异常变化过程;大震引起的水位上升和下降可能是地震波的作用改变了构造单元的应力所致,并与井点的地质构造部位有关;同一井孔对同一断层上破裂方式一致的大地震的响应方式是一致的,只是对震级大的地震响应幅度大,震级减小,响应幅度亦减小     

Impacts of Coastal Reclamation on Natural Wetlands in Large River Deltas in China

Little information is available on the impacts of coastal reclamation on wetland loss in large-river deltas at a regional scale.Using remote sensing data of coastal wetland and reclamation in four deltas in China from 1978 to 2014, we tracked their continuous area changes in four periods: 1978–1990, 1990–2000, 2000–2008, and 2008–2014. The areal relation between wetland loss and reclamation was quantified and used to identify coastal reclamation mode intensity coupled with another three indicators: reclamation rate,accretion rate and land-use intensity of coastal reclamation. The results showed that coastal reclamation driven by economic development reduced, or even reverse the original growth of delta which was determined by the offset between wetland acceleration rate and wetland loss rate. Generally, the area of reclamation showed a positive linear correlation with the area of wetland loss. The findings imply that human activities should control reclamation rate and intensity to alleviate total wetland loss and maintain wetland ’net gain’.Inappropriate coastal reclamation modes can magnify total wetland loss;therefore, coastal reclamation with a slow increment rate and low impervious surface percent is of great importance for sustainable development in future coastal management.     

Extracting energy while reducing hydroelastic responses of VLFS using a modular raft wec-type attachment

This paper presents the use of a modular raft Wave Energy Converter (WEC)-type attachment at the fore edge of a rectangular Very Large Floating Structure (VLFS) for extracting wave energy while reducing hydroelastic responses of the VLFS under wave action. The proposed modular attachment comprises multiple independent auxiliary pontoons (i.e. modules) that are connected to the fore edge of the VLFS with hinges and linear Power Take-Off (PTO) systems. For the hydroelastic analysis, the auxiliary pontoons and the VLFS are modelled by using the Mindlin plate theory while the linear wave theory is used for modelling the fluid motion. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain using the hybrid Finite Element-Boundary Element (FE-BE) method. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of pontoon length, PTO damping coefficient, gap between auxiliary pontoons, and incident wave angle on the power capture factor as well as reductions in the hydroelastic responses of the VLFS with the modular attachment. It is found that in oblique waves, the modular attachment comprising multiple narrow pontoons outperforms the corresponding rigid attachment that consists of a single wide pontoon with respect to the power capture factor and the reduction in the deflection of the VLFS. In addition, it is possible to have a considerable gap between pontoons without significantly compromising the effectiveness of the modular attachment.     

深海滑坡灾害的物质点法模拟

深海滑坡可以沿着斜坡搬运大量沉积物,是危害巨大的海洋地质灾害之一。评估深海滑坡的流滑机制并量化分析其对海底结构物的冲击对海洋资源的开发利用至关重要。采用物质点法对滑坡的滑动特性进行了总应力分析。设计了三组不同的土体、海床参数,展现了三种不同的滑动形态:延展、块体和扩张。随后复现了流滑体对部分暴露管线的冲击过程,并对冲击力的稳定值进行了分析,分析中考虑了流滑体的惯性、抗剪强度和静压力的影响。研究表明,物质点法能够用于模拟深海滑坡的流滑过程及其对海底结构物的冲击,可以为海洋工程中的实际设计工作提供服务。     

无人机机载LiDAR在沿海滩涂大比例尺地形测绘中的应用

以南京市以下长江12.5 m深水航道建设工程中的白茆沙整治建筑物工程的年度监测为例,介绍了利用无人机航摄和机载LiDAR技术进行大比例尺高精度的滩涂地理信息数据采集的关键技术。研究案例表明,采用无人机搭载数码相机和LiDAR联合进行数据采集,在小区域、通行困难地区的高分辨率影像和地面高程数据快速获取方面具有明显优势,为沿海滩涂开发中的工程用图测绘工作提供了一种新的有效快捷的技术手段。     

大比例尺地理信息数据服务模式的研究

大比例尺地理信息数据由于详尽的数据内容和精准的位置信息,在城市经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用。然而由于传统的服务方式的限制,数据的使用效率并不高。地理空间框架数据结合GIS技术和网络技术,将大比例尺地理信息数据使用方式从线下转到线上,提高了数据使用效率。而本文提出的主动式地理信息服务模式是一种全新的地理信息服务模式,将大比例尺地理信息服务数据与用户业务数据深度融合,最大限度地满足用户的业务需求,将是地理信息服务模式未来的发展方向。     

无人机倾斜摄影支持下的1∶500高精度三维测图方案及应用

研发了一种适合于大范围1∶500的无人机测图方案,围绕平面和高程点位中误差在5 cm以内这一核心目标,从无人机的平台稳定性、空中精准定位飞控、空三与三维建模及模型与影像结合的多视角测图等方面进行了设计。在广州马沥村的应用表明,本文研究的无人机倾斜摄影方案可以满足1∶500高精度的三维测图,并具有较高的效率。     

车载移动测量系统在大比例尺地形图数学精度检测中的应用

研究了车载移动测量系统在大比例尺地形图数学精度检测中的应用。首先在小范围内对其进行了相关试验,得到其有效性后,对某市全市域的地形图进行了抽样检测;对车载移动测量检验与常规方法检验在外业数据采集、内业数据处理及存储量等几方面进行了比较,分析了车载移动测量检验方法的优劣性,为提高测绘质检效率提供了一种新方案。     

大跨径斜拉桥主梁线形测控新方法研究及应用

大跨径斜拉桥结构刚度小、变形大,为保证主梁顺利合龙,施工过程必须快速精确定位主梁上各个节段的平面和竖向线形。区别于传统的极坐标主梁平面线形测控方法,本文提出采用全站仪自由设站法测控主梁平面线形;同时区别于传统的水准测量方法,提出采用全站仪间接高差传递的方法测控主梁竖向线形。介绍了两种新方法的测量原理,通过工程实例论证了新方法的可行性和实用性,且能够大幅度提高测控效率,可为其他大跨径桥梁主梁线形的测控提供一定的参考。