40Ar/39Ar laser probe evidence concerning the age and associated hazards of the Lake Nyos Maar,Cameroon

The waters of Lake Nyos are impounded by a fragile natural dam composed of pyroclastic rocks ejected during the formation of the lake crater (maar). Lateral erosion of this dam has reduced its width from over 500 m to only 45 m. Published whole-rock K-Ar ages of about 100 ka on juvenile basalt from the dam suggests that erosion has been slow and that the dam poses no imminent threat. New apparent ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 1.4 to 232 Ma on xenocrystic K-feldspar contained in the basalt show that the xenocrysts, whose source is the 528-Ma crystalline basement, are carriers of inherited radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar and would cause the whole-rock K-Ar ages to be too old. The best estimate for the age of the maar is provided by a ¹⁴C age of 400 ± 100 yr BP on charcoal from the base of the dam. This young age indicates that the dam is eroding at a relatively rapid rate; its failure, perhaps within a few decades, would result in a major flood and imperil thousands of people living downstream in Cameroon and eastern Nigeria.     

Chronology of Sanbagawa metamorphism

By collating age data based on the fossil age of the protoliths, radiometric dating of the metamorphic minerals, and sedimentary records of erosion at the earth's surface, the history of the Sanbagawa metamorphism can be summarized as follows. (1) The pre-metamorphic sedimentary rocks (Carboniferous-Jurassic + Early Cretaceous?) became mixed and formed a thickened packet in the vicinity of an ancient trench through a variety of subduction-related tectono-sedimentary processes, probably in Early Cretaceous time (c., 130-120 Ma). (2) The subducted protoliths underwent progressive metamorphism reaching a maximum depth of c. 30 km in late Early Cretaceous time (c. 116 ± 10 Ma). (3) The high-P/T metamorphic rocks began to rise toward the surface (during the interval 110-50 Ma) with minimum estimates for the average cooling rate around 9-12°C/Ma and an average uplift rate around 0.4-0.5 mm/year. (4) Finally, at some stage after reaching the erosional surface, the high-P/T metamorphic rocks were covered unconformably by the middle Eocene (c. 50-42 Ma) Kuma Group. On the basis of the present chronological summary of the Sanbagawa metamorphism, the areal extent of the Sanbagawa metamorphism is also discussed with respect to the weakly metamorphosed subduction-accretion complex of the next tectonic belt to the south, the Northern Chichibu belt.     

New Investigation on the Space Group of Chevkinite

Chevkinite specimen from a rare-earth mineral deposit in Sichuan,southwest ofChina have been studied in detail by means of transmission electron microscope(TEM).The selected area electron diffraction(SAED)and convergent beam electron diffraction(CBED)patterns,obtained from different crystal zone axis direction,proved coineidently that the space group of chevkinite is C2/m.Fringe lattice image obser-vation showed the mineral crystal is structurally uniform in microscale,and it is anideal specimen for electron diffraction analysis.The mineral studied here is similar to theone from Bayan Obo,Inner Mongolia,China,in chemical composition and REE distri-bution.The chemical formula of the crystal is(Ce,La,…,Ca)_4 Fe~2-(Fe,Ti,Nb)_2O_8 (Si_2O_7)_2 .From our study,we come to the conclusion that the space group of the natu-ral chevkinite is C2/m,instead of P2_1/a as synthetic one.Up to now,chevkinitecompositionally similar to the synthetic one,in which the complete replacements of Ce,La by Nd and Fe by Mg or Co o     

Chronology of the high-pressure metamorphism of Norwegian garnet peridotites/pyroxenites

Eclogite facies mineral assemblages are variably preserved in mafic and ultramafic rocks within the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) of Norway. Mineralogical and microstructural data indicate that some Mg–Cr-rich, Alpine-type peridotites have had a complex metamorphic history. The metamorphic evolution of these rocks has been described in terms of a seven-stage evolutionary model; each stage is characterized by a specific mineral assemblage. Stages II and III both comprise garnet-bearing mineral assemblages. Garnet-bearing assemblages are also present in Fe–Ti-rich peridotites which commonly occur as layers in mafic complexes. Sm–Nd isotopic results are reported for mineral and whole rock samples from both of these types of peridotites and related rocks. The partitioning of Sm and Nd between coexisting garnet and clinopyroxene is used to assess chemical equilibrium. One sample of Mg–Cr-type peridotite shows non-disturbed partitioning of Sm and Nd between Stage II garnet and clinopyroxene pairs and yields a garnet–clinopyroxene–whole-rock date of 1703 ± 29 Ma (I= 0.51069, MSWD = 0.04). This is the best estimate for the age of the Stage II high-P assemblage. Other Stage II garnet–clinopyroxene pairs reflect later disturbance of the Sm–Nd system and yield dates in the range 1303 to 1040 Ma. These dates may not have any geological significance. Stage III garnet–clinopyroxene pairs typically have equilibrated Sm–Nd partitioning and two samples yield dates of 437 ± 58 and 511 ± 18 Ma. This suggests that equilibration of the Stage III high-P assemblage is related to the Caledonian orogeny and is more or less contemporaneous with high-P metamorphism of ‘country-rock’eclogites in the surrounding gneisses. The Sm–Nd mineral data for the Fe–Ti-rich garnet peridotites and for a superferrian eclogite, which occurs as a dyke within the Gurskebotn Mg–Cr-type peridotite, are consistent with a Palaeozoic high-P metamorphism. Finally a synoptic P–T–t path is proposed for the Mg–Cr-type peridotites which is consistent with the petrological and geochronological data.     

白乃庙金矿床构造特征

白乃庙金矿床矿体围岩有白乃庙群绿片岩和长英片岩、石英闪长岩和斜长花岗岩等。矿床构造专题研究表明,控矿构造是白乃庙断层和次级断裂组成的帚状构造,并在断层交汇部位形成富矿柱。     

广东清远—高要金矿的40Ar／39Ar测年

广东新州至高要一带是广东主要的金矿带,那里有著名的河台金矿以及新州金矿和一些有远景的矿点。各地的金矿类型是不同的,关于金矿化时期是根据以往一些间接的地质资料推断的,没有直接的年代学资料。用40Ar/39Ar测年法测定了该地区主要矿床(点)中与金共生的绢(白)云母年龄,根据测年资料将区域金矿化分为四期,其时序是:早侏罗世184—171Ma,晚侏罗世141士6Ma,早白垩世133士2Ma和晚白垩世99士1Ma。     

M17树脂分离富集原子荧光测定岩矿中痕量碲

本文研究了不同种类树脂对Te的吸附能力,提出了在3mol/L HCl介质中,用M_(17)二甲胺树脂吸附,然后用水洗脱的新途径,使Te有效且无污染地得到分离和富集,实现了原子荧光测定地质试样中ppb级痕量Te。经地矿部标准参考样GSR7-12考察,分析结果与推荐值相符。     

地洼学说的理论结构和发展纲领

地洼学说(活化区理论)自1956年诞生以来,经受过35年的实践检验,已发展成为包括五个组成部分和两个衍生学科的理论体系。它的理论结构是以第一个组成部分,即大陆地壳中发生于地台阶段之后,与地槽区不同特征的一种新型活动区—活化区即地洼区概念为内核,保护层为其余的组成部分和衍生学科,即地壳动定转化递进说、递进(地洼)成矿理论、壳体概念和地幔蠕动热能聚散交替假说,以及构造地球化学和成矿构造学。 地洼学说是属于作者建立的“历史—因果论大地构造学”范畴,它的发展纲领应是运用“历史—动力综合分析法”的研究方法,贯彻理论实践并重和切合生产需要的学术路线,采用充实和加固内核以及调整某些保护层的方式,按照自我完善与学百家之长相结合的原则,研究领域包括学说本身的进一步发展和运用它以解决实际问题。 内核的充实和加固包括两个方面;(1)理论方面的研究,例如地洼区的鉴别依据、类型划分、形成时代、分布地区、地壳运动等方面的问题。(2)实用方面的研究,例如运用区域地质、成矿规律及找矿预测、地热、水文地质、地貌、新构造等方面的问题。     

我国资源与环境信息系统发展管见

我国的资源与环境信息系统(ERIS)技术,起步较晚,发展迅速,已跻身国际先进行列。在基础研究、应用实验以及同遥感技术的结合方面,进行了成功的探索和开拓,并具有中国特色。通过“七五”科技攻关,在信息与信息系统的规范化、标准化方面,建立不同层次和应用目标的区域信息系统的技术、方法,研制和开发地理信息系统软件、应用分析模型,以及在理论总结方面,取得了丰硕的成果和技术进步,成为一个独立发展的新的前沿领域。90年代,它同航天遥感技术密切结合,共同发展,迎接国民经济和社会发展中重大资源环境急务和全球变化的挑战。在资源与环境动态监测与趋势预报,重大自然灾害监测与预警以及灾情评估与减灾对策,城市、经济开发区的规划、开发与管理,全球环境变化等方面,发挥科学技术的先导作用。同时,继续加强新技术跟踪和空间信息科学的理论研究,在国家规范、标准的制定,业务系统的建立与实用化,信息共享与网络化,模型、专家系统及软件的开发与商品化,同遥感信息工程的结合使其一体化等方面,仍需深入探索,继续攻坚,以期形成完整的理论和技术体系。     

新疆古地磁研究及几个地质构造问题探讨

通过对塔里木、准噶尔、伊犁、昆仑山等地区古地磁研究获得了大量数据,结合磁性地层、古生物、沉积相等综合分析,对塔里木地块构造演化、新疆晚古生代构造分区划分、伊犁地块、天山板块等几个地质构造问题进行了探讨.