Quaternary charophytes from Salina del Bebedero, Argentina: their relation with extant taxa and palaeolimnological significance

Charophyte (Charales, green macroscopic algae) assemblages found in Quaternary shoreline sediments from Salina del Bebedero, Argentina, are described in detail, illustrated, and statistically analysed. Fossil gyrogonites, Late Pleistocene and Holocene in age, of Chara cf. hispida var. major (Hartman) Wood, Chara halina García, Chara hornemannii Wallmann, Chara bulbillifera (Donterberg) García, Lamprothamnium haesseliae Donterberg and Lamprothamnium succinctum (Braun ex Ascherson) Wood were identified. A comparison with extant charophyte species of similar ecological requirements allowed for an accurate systematical determination and provided useful data for complementary palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical approaches. On this basis, a reconstruction of palaeo-salinities for the Salina del Bebedero lake, represented by eleven palaeo-beaches, is proposed. Also the associations of charophytes with the ostracods Cyprideis sp., Limnocythere sp., Pampacythere sp., Cypridopsis sp., Darwinula sp., Ilyocypris gibba (Randohr) Brady and Norman, and the foraminifers Ammonia sp., Elphidium gunteri Cole, Quinqueloculina sp., and one species of Discorbacea are analysed, since they are present in both the fossil and modern environments.     

Development of a diatom-based specific conductivity model for the glacio-isostatic lakes of Truelove Lowland: implications for paleoconductivity and paleoenvironmental reconstructions in Devon Island lakes, N.W.T., Canada

Diatoms are identified and enumerated from the surface sediments of 100 lakes of Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, N.W.T., Canada. These lakes range from large oligotrophic lakes, to small tundra ponds, to coastal marine lagoons which are diverse in terms of ionic concentration and composition. The relationship between diatoms and 15 limnological variables is examined using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Specific conductivity is identified as the most important variable influencing the distribution of diatoms in the Truelove lakes. A Weighted Averaging (WA) calibration model is developed to predict diatom-inferred specific conductivity. The reliability of the model is tested by evaluating the correlation between observed and diatom-inferred values and determining the error of prediction by bootstrapping. The applicability of the predictive conductivity equation is demonstrated by reconstructing the paleoconductivity history of Fish Lake.     

南极大陆沿海湖泊生态结构研究

南极大陆沿海地带是南极海、陆、冰的交集带,它同时受到来自海洋、大陆冰以及人类活动的影响,因而成为南极生态环境最脆弱的环节。存在于该地带的许多湖泊,因其各自的地理环境和发育过程,以及所受诸多外部因子如气候、降水等的不同影响,不同湖泊中水体的理化因子差异很大,由此造成湖泊中生物种类分布和生态结构的显著不同。本文报道了对南极大陆沿海维斯特福尔德丘陵和拉斯曼丘陵等地湖泊中以浮游生物为主体,各类生物的组成分布和群落结构进行考察研究的结果,并分析讨论了不同类型湖泊的生物多样性、生物营养结构及其与环境的关系,为深入研究全球气候变化对南极区域环境的影响,和制订南极生态环境保护决策提供科学依据。     

THE 1998 FLOOD OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

1INTRODUCTIONDuringthefloodseasonof1998,anothercatastrophicfloodoccurredinthemiddleandlowerYangtzeRiverfollowingthecatastrophicfloodin1954.Ascomparedwiththe54flood,the1998floodwascharacterizedbythefactsthatthedurationofthehighwaterstagewasmuchlonger,thefloodcontrolwasmuchmoredifficult,andthetotalmanpowerandmaterialresourcesexpelldedintilefloodfightingweremuchmoreenormous.TOsummarizetheexperienceandlessonsfromthefloodissignificanttotilehydraulicengineeringandfloodcontroloftheYangtzeRiver.…     

人类活动对江汉湖群沼泽化的影响

从破坏植被加速湖泊淤积速度、围湖造田使湖泊日渐萎缩、江湖隔绝促进水生高等植物生长、垸湖沼同体而互相转化等方面论述了人类活动加速了江汉湖群湖泊沼泽化的进程,并提出缓解湖泊沼泽化的措施;人类活动既具有加速湖泊沼泽化进程的作用亦具有延缓甚至逆转沼泽化进程的双向作用。     

大气污染的湖泊响应及其代用标志

通过洱海和阳宗海大气污染的湖泊响应、代用标志提取和原因分析以及地表水酸化理论和自然酸性湖泊的对比研究,揭示湖水总矿化度和S04^2—的同步异常增大是湖泊早期受酸沉降危害的标志．保存于沉积记录中的磁化率、非磁滞剩磁和介形类、硅藻的数值和种群、密度等变化,可灵敏地揭示湖泊受大气污染的起点、过程和环境影响,可作为酸沉降较重湖区的代用标志．     

高矿化度沙漠湖泊水体的光学特性

沙漠湖泊水体和东部大型湖泊如太湖等存在较大差异.为深入研究沙漠湖泊水体的光学特性,利用腾格里沙漠月亮湖实测水面ASD高光谱数据和同步采集的水样,对水体矿化度与叶绿素a、DOC、悬浮物的含量进行相关性分析,比较沙漠湖泊水体和其它水体的黄色物质、浮游植物、非藻类悬浮物吸收特征光谱,探讨不同波段中水深和矿化度对水体反射率的影...     

中国蒙新高原湖区水环境主要问题及控制对策

实施“西部大开发”战略的重大决策,对于平衡中国各区域间的发展位差以及提高整个国家的经济实力具有重要的战略意义.而西部脆弱的生态环境决定了西部大开发中要以生态保护优先的环境保护政策为切入点和立足点,坚持经济大开发与可持续发展有机结合.本文系统地阐述了中国蒙新湖区在气候变化和人类活动的影响下水环境的主要问题及控制对策,并以...     

长江中下游浅水湖泊悬浮颗粒物吸收系数测定方法探讨

对两种水体悬浮颗粒物吸收系数测定方法及相关计算进行对比研究.通过长江中下游湖泊典型藻类的实验室培养,利用T方法和T-R方法分别对藻类颗粒物、藻类泥沙混合悬浊液进行吸收系数测定.通过颗粒物光谱吸收系数与叶绿素a之间的相关性关系,对比了两种方法的测量稳定性.通过对不同比例的藻类和无机悬浮颗粒物(ISS)的混合悬浊液进行分析,获得了不同浊度水体悬浮物吸收光谱的变化情况.结果表明,在纯藻或者泥沙含量较少的水体进行颗粒物吸收系数光谱测定时,T方法和T-R方法均可以采用,并且均具有较高的测定精度.然而,在泥沙含量相对较高的浑浊水体,应尽量选取T-R方法进行颗粒物吸收光谱的测定,以提高测定精度.长江中下游浅水湖泊由于底泥易受风浪影响发生再悬浮,因此在颗粒物吸收系数光谱测定中,当水体中ISS含量超过30 mg/L时,应选择T-R方法.     

Effects of changing climate on ice cover in three morphometrically different lakes

A one‐dimensional hydrodynamic lake model (DYRESM‐WQ‐I) is employed to simulate ice cover and water temperatures over the period 1911–2014. The effects of climate changes (air temperature and wind speed) on ice cover (ice‐on, ice‐off, ice cover duration, and maximum ice thickness) are modeled and compared for the three different morphometry lakes: Fish Lake, Lake Wingra, and Lake Mendota, located in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. It is found that the ice cover period has decreased due to later ice‐on dates and earlier ice‐off dates, and the annual maximum ice cover thickness has decreased for the three lakes during the last century. Based upon simulated perturbations of daily mean air temperatures across the range of ?10°C to +10°C of historical values, Fish Lake has the most occurrences of no ice cover and Lake Wingra still remains ice covered under extreme conditions (+10°C). Overall, shallower lakes with larger surface areas appear more resilient to ice cover changes caused by climate changes.