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31.
腾格里沙漠地区水化学特征 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
水资源极为匮乏的腾格里沙漠区内所赋存的水主要有两种类型。一种是沙下潜水 ,主要是周边山区由高向低缓慢地向沙漠区运移所致 ,分布较为普遍 ;另一种是沙漠湖水 ,它是在沙漠区内之低洼地段 ,由于沙下潜水的长期溢出汇集于大小不等的长条状湖泊之中 ,以湖表水 (咸水和卤水 )的形式存在。沙下潜水矿化度在 0 .5~ 1 g/L之间 ,为本区的饮用水。湖表水咸苦 ,矿化度较高 ,就同一湖区而言 ,也有咸水和卤水之分 ,咸水矿化度为每升数十克 ,卤水则在 1 0 0~ 440 g/L之间 ,已达到了盐湖类沉积阶段 相似文献
32.
Lake area information in the Badain Jaran Desert in 1973, 1990, 2000, and 2010 was obtained by visual interpretation and water
index analysis of remote sensing images, based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of lake area changes during 37 years.
Results indicated that the number of lakes declined from 94 to 82 and the total surface area was reduced by 3.69 km2 during
1973–2010. The desert lake area reduced by different degrees in different periods, but this occurred most rapidly during
1973–1990. According to the statistics of lake area changes, lake area decreases mainly occurred in the lakes with areas less than
0.2 km2, while the areas of lakes greater than 0.9 km2 only fluctuated. The changes of lake areas were probably due to changes in
the quantity of underground water supplies rather than the effects of local climate change or human factors. 相似文献
33.
Lucien von Gunten Oliver Heiri Christian Bigler Jacqueline van Leeuwen Carlo Casty André F. Lotter Michael Sturm 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(3):283-299
We analysed a 42 cm long sediment record from Lej da la Tscheppa, a high-altitude lake (2,616 m a.s.l.) in the Upper Engadine
valley (Switzerland) for subfossil diatoms, chironomids and pollen. The chronology of the top 21 cm of the record was established
using 210Pb analysis using a constant-rate-of-supply model, and validated with 137Cs measurements and the content of spheroidal carbonaceous particles. A tentative chronology for the lower part of the core
was obtained through extrapolation of the sedimentation rates in the uppermost part of the record. Pollen assemblages in the
record reflect regional changes in forestation and land-use patterns in the Upper Engadine valley and show no evidence of
significant local human activity in the lake’s catchment. Diatom assemblages record a distinct increase in planktonic taxa
since the early 19th century, suggesting a decrease in the duration of ice-cover. In contrast, chironomid assemblages remained
stable during a large part of the record. We applied an established chironomid-based July air temperature transfer function
and a newly developed diatom-based spring air temperature transfer function to reconstruct past seasonal air temperature changes
at Lej da la Tscheppa. The reconstructions indicate a diatom-inferred warming trend in spring temperatures during the past
ca. 400 years, whereas chironomid-inferred summer temperatures suggest a slight cooling trend. These biota-based reconstructions
are in good agreement with the centennial-scale temperature trend in an independent reconstruction of regional temperatures
in the Upper Engadine region based on instrumental records and documentary proxy evidence from the Alps. Our results suggest
that, in high-altitude lakes, independent chironomid- and diatom-based seasonal temperature reconstruction is possible and
can be successfully used to track seasonal temperature trends. 相似文献
34.
35.
Dan?HammarlundEmail author Svante?Bj?rck Bj?rn?Buchardt Charlotte T.?Thomsen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,34(4):471-480
Highly resolved sediment stratigraphic and stable isotope records from a lake in south-central Sweden give evidence of relatively humid summers during the wide-spread cold event at c. 8200 cal. BP. A transient lake-level rise led to increased catchment erosion followed by enhanced phytoplankton production and disturbance of the Chara-dominated algal community. An associated increase in the deposition of organic material resulted in hypolimnetic oxygen deficit and methane formation as inferred from elevated sulphur content of the sediments and strong depletion in 13C of bulk organic material. In combination with dry and cold winter conditions as revealed by other proxy records, these data suggest the development of a strongly seasonal climate in northwestern Europe in response to altered atmospheric circulation at this stage. Enhanced zonal circulation with frequent cyclonic activity and increased effective humidity probably characterized the summer climate of southern and central Scandinavia, consistent with conditions inferred for continental Europe. In contrast, the winter climate was dominated by blocking high-pressure circulation, giving rise to cold and dry conditions. 相似文献
36.
基于耗散结构理论的千岛湖旅游地演化过程及机制 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
从耗散结构理论的视角,认为千岛湖旅游地是以外部自然与社会经济环境为支撑,以吸引物子系统、设施子系统、服务子系统和支持子系统为基础的旅游地耗散结构系统(TDSS)。分析了其演化过程,认为从1959 年新安江水库建成到1981 年“富春江-新安江”被确定为国家首批重点风景名胜区,千岛湖旅游系统处于萌芽状态,各子系统尚未完善成形;1982 年至1994 年为系统形成期,各子系统发展逐渐完善,旅游系统整体效应开始初步显现;从1995 年起,千岛湖旅游地系统进入发展期,各子系统基本上发育成熟完善,子系统之间相互作用明显,系统的整体效应显著;2000 年以后,千岛湖旅游地系统处于优化发展状态,各子系统之间进一步协调发展,旅游系统整体效应大大增强,并推动了旅游地的转型发展。探讨了其演化机制,认为旅游地系统演化的本质是耗散结构的负熵输入过程,系统要素的非线性作用是其演化动力,并通过基于外部环境和政府主导的中心控制的系统他组织与基于供给与需求、人地关系、区域协调以及利益主体平衡四类非线性作用的系统自组织而实现。 相似文献
37.
北京翠湖湿地生境恢复及效果评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
湿地恢复是指通过生态技术或生态工程对退化或消失的湿地进行修复或重建,再现退化前的结构和功能以及相关的物理、化学和生物学特性,使其发挥应有的作用。自2010年,翠湖湿地综合运用了微地形重塑、基质恢复、植被种植和岸带护坡等湿地生境恢复技术,累计应用面积约13.33 hm2。翠湖湿地应用生境恢复技术之后,有效改善了水环境质量,血红裸藻"水华"现象爆发频率显著降低,水华覆盖面积得到有效控制。同时,湿地基质质量得到了有效提升。湿地植被覆盖度由恢复之前的51%增加到恢复后的71%;植物物种由221种增加为236种;水鸟种类和偶见种有所增加。本研究可为城市湿地恢复提供技术支撑。 相似文献
38.
Arantxa Luzón Angel González Arsenio Muñoz Belén Sánchez-Valverde 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2002,28(4):441-456
The lacustrine facies from two sections (Candasnos and Fraga) ofthe Oligocene-Miocene Torrente de Cinca lithostratigraphic Unit in thecentral part of the Ebro Basin (Spain) have been analysed to determine theinfluence of orbital parameters in lacustrine sedimentation. The unit ispredominantly composed of limestones and marls, and represents a shallowlacustrine freshwater system. The sedimentological features of the faciesstudied demonstrate that the lower part of the Candasnos section representsoffshore lacustrine subenvironments whereas the upper part, and the whole ofthe Fraga section, characterise marginal lacustrine areas. Series of stratalthickness variations of limestone, marl, and limestone/marl couplets fromboth sections have been analysed using spectral analysis. This shows thatinformation corresponding to periodic cycles only appears in the offshorefacies, that is to say, in the lower part of Candasnos section, and disappearsin the marginal facies where non-periodic cycles exist. Furthermore, thespectral analysis of the offshore facies highlights the existence of a peak inthe power spectrum with a period of around 7 (6.8 to 7.8) that can berecognised in the field as shallowing-upward lacustrine sequences.Magnetostratigraphic data from the Candasnos section allow us to establish atime span of 2,808 years for the limestone/marl couplet from the lower partof this section, and between 19,000 and 22,000 years for the periodic cycleidentified, thus representing the climatic precession cycle. Shallowingsequences from marginal areas do not correspond with any periodiccycle. 相似文献
39.
Alexandra Schmäh 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,9(2):99-108
In paleolimnology, subfossil head capsules of chironomids play an important role as ecological indicators of lake history. It is important to determine, therefore, whether fossil assemblages are representative of former biocoenoses. There is evidence that headcapsules washed in from other places can make up a significant percentage of the total. As interpretations are usually drawn from the examination of a single core, it is of special interest to know whether a fossil assemblage of a single site properly reflects limnological conditions of the whole lake. This study examined the taxonomic distribution of subfossil chironomids in the surficial sediments of the Bodensee-Untersee, with the aim of assessing the variability in chironomid assemblages. Apparently, most of the head capsules of the profundal fossil assemblages in the Untersee had been washed in from the littoral zone or from the slope. Although the Bodensee-Untersee is a rather large lake, variability is surprisingly low among all samples. Therefore a correct interpretation from a single core may be possible. 相似文献
40.
镁资源研究与开发述评之一──镁水泥的研究与盐湖的开发 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简单概括了镁资源研究开发的状况,评述镁水泥研究的主要理论成果。指出以镁水泥为途径开发盐湖资源的重要性。同时表述了镁水泥研究领域的最新动态,指出当前镁水泥研究需要考虑的几个重大问题。 相似文献