Hydrographic Vertical Separation Surfaces (HyVSEPs) for the Tidal Waters of Canada

Since the advent of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, it has been possible to perform hydrographic survey reductions through the ellipsoid, which has the potential to simplify operations and improve bathymetric products. This technique requires a spatially continuous separation surface connecting chart datum (CD) to a geodetic ellipsoid. The Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS), with support from the Canadian Geodetic Survey, has developed a new suite of such surfaces, termed Hydrographic Vertical Separations Surfaces, or HyVSEPs, for CD and seven tidal levels. They capture the spatial variability of the tidal datum and levels between tide gauges and offshore using semiempirical models coupling observations at tide stations with relative sea-level rise estimates, dynamic ocean model solutions, satellite altimetry, and a geoid model. HyVSEPs are available for all tidal waters of Canada, covering over seven million square kilometers of ocean and more than 200,000 kilometers of shoreline. This document provides an overview of the CHS's modeling approach, tools, methods, and procedures.

The HyVSEP for CD defines the new hydrographic datum for the tidal waters of Canada. HyVSEPs for other tidal levels are fundamental for coastal studies, climate change adaptation and the definition of the Canadian shoreline and offshore boundaries. HyVSEPs for inland waters are not discussed.     

高频GNSS形变波的震相识别：模拟实验与实例分析

高频GNSS震时形变波震相及识别是GNSS地震学的重要内容.在实时数据处理基础上,本文利用振动台的高频GNSS观测实验,并结合近期部分大震的高频GNSS形变波震相特征进行研究.数据处理结果表明,实时处理与事后处理的精度在同一量级,且与采样率无关.通过与同址观测强震仪和地震计记录的对比及特定震相的频谱分析,发现高频GNSS可完整记录P波、S波、Love波及Rayleigh波震相,影响震相记录的主要因素是GNSS定位精度与震级,而仅当震中距很小时,采样率将产生一定影响.研究结果得出：基于地震波传播规律,利用高频GNSS台阵记录的形变波空间分段特征,结合震相运动轨迹及其他地震波记录,可实现实时高频GNSS形变波的震相识别.     

基于GNSS的单波束测深系统在大中型水库水下地形测量中的应用

随着水库在经济社会发展中所起的作用日趋明显,对水库的开发、治理更加重视,获取高精度的水库水下地形数据变得更加急迫.随着测深技术、差分GNSS技术以及姿态传感器的不断发展,基于GNSS的测深系统为水下地形测量提供了全新的解决方案.通过合理规划测线,经过声速改正、吃水改正,利用船载GNSS导航定位和测深仪采集测深数据,经转...     

基于SSA-Sn法的GNSS坐标时间序列粗差探测

针对GNSS高程坐标时间序列中含有粗差、高程坐标时间序列不平稳、非线性变化导致异常值探测困难等问题,提出一种奇异谱分析SSA与S_n估计量相结合的粗差探测方法。利用实验模拟数据和实测数据分别对该方法的探测效果同常规3σ法和MAD法进行对比,结果表明,SSA-S_n粗差探测方法的总体探测效果更好,能够满足GNSS坐标时间序列高可靠性的需求。     

Kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles

The beneficial or detrimental role of battered piles on the dynamic response of piled foundations has not been yet fully elucidated. In order to shed more light on this aspect, kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles, are provided for single‐battered piles, as well as for 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 groups of piles subjected to vertically incident plane shear S waves. Piles are modelled as linear‐elastic Bernoulli beams, whereas soil is assumed to be a linear, isotropic, homogeneous viscoelastic half‐space. Different pile group configurations, pile‐soil stiffness ratios, and rake angles are considered. The relevance and main trends observed in the influence of the rake angle on the kinematic interaction factors of the analysed foundations are inferred from the presented results. An important dependence of the kinematic interaction factors on the rake angle is observed together with the existence of an inclination angle at which cap rotation and excitation become out of phase in the low‐to‐mid frequency range. The existence of a small batter angle that provides minimum cap rotation is also shown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用GPS精密单点定位技术实时确定舰船位置与姿态

文章采用静态模拟动态的手段,研究基于精密单点定位技术实时确定海上舰船位置和姿态的方法,并分析实时精密单点定位技术的定位定姿精度.研究表明:用精密单点定位技术进行实时动态定位,一般可获得2cm的平面定位精度和4cm左右的高程精度;在动态精密单点定位技术的定位精度一定的情况下,航向角的精度高于横滚角和俯仰角;真实动态观测值的随机误差比静态模拟的大,定位和定姿精度可能会有所降低.     

根据GPS和InSAR数据反演2001年昆仑山口西地震同震破裂分布

利用干涉合成孔径雷达（interferometric synthetic aperture radar, InSAR）技术可以获取空间连续的地表形变监测结果,但仅能得到真实三维形变在雷达视线方向上的一维投影,降低了地表形变解译的可靠性。全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system, GNSS）可提供高精度的三维形变结果,但其空间分辨率较低。因此可通过融合InSAR和GNSS来实现高精度高空间分辨率的三维地表形变监测。提出利用方差分量估计(variance component estimation, VCE)方法对经典的联合大地和卫星同步形变测量值的应变张量估计(simultaneous and integrated strain tensor estimation from geodetic and satellite deformation measurements, SISTEM)方法进行改进,发挥SISTEM方法可以考虑相邻点地表形变的空间相关性的优势,优化了函数模型中InSAR和GNSS观测的构成比例,引入VCE方法精确估计了各类观测值的后验方差,进而实现了高精度的三维地表形变测量。首先通过设计模拟实验对所提方法进行了验证,然后将该方法应用于2007年夏威夷基拉韦厄火山喷发案例中。相较于SISTEM方法,该方法在东西、南北、垂直向解算的形变精度均有大幅提升。     

GPS动态测量连续周跳检验

本文针对ＧＰＳ动态测量中经常出现的连续周跳,提出了一种新的连续周跳的检验方法。该方法在理论上是最优的,与Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波平行操作,能够实行处理周跳引起的偏差;而且,在偏差估计的同时,兼顾后续偏差检验,因而可利用尽可能多的观测历元信息来获取精度较高的偏差估值。实例计算表明,该方法在应用中是很有效的。     

Accuracy of kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximations for space-independent flows on infiltrating surfaces with lateral inflow neglected in the momentum equation

Error equations for the kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximations with lateral inflow neglected in the momentum equation are derived under simplified conditions for space-independent flows. These equations specify error as a function of time in the flow hydrograph. The kinematic wave, diffusion wave and dynamic wave solutions are parameterized through a dimensionless parameter γ which is dependent on the initial conditions. This parameter reflects the effect of initial flow depth, channel-bed slope, lateral inflow, infiltration and channel roughness when the initial condition is non-vanishing; it reflects the effect of bed slope, channel roughness and acceleration due to gravity when the initial condition is vanishing. The error equations are found to be the Riccati equation. The structure of the error equations in the case when the momentum equation neglects lateral inflow is different from that when the lateral inflow is included.