求解半无限长多孔介质柱体水动力弥散系数的一种最小二乘法

针对半无限长多孔介质柱体,一端为定浓度边界的水动力弥散反求参数问题,先用数值方法求解补余误差函数erfc（x）的反函数,再根据该问题的解析解,通过变量代换,构造一个基于解析解的最小二乘模型来反求水动力弥散系数。最后将该方法应用于一个实例,计算结果表明该方法比erfc（x）近似公式法、配线法、正态分布函数法等传统方法要好。     

基于灰色GM（1，1）模型的城市生活用水量预测

介绍灰色理论建模原理和模型参数辨识方法,并以上海市为实例建立灰色GM（1,1）预测模型,运用残差检验、后验差检验以及关联度检验3种方法对模型进行精度检验,其模型拟合精度达97．25％。用所建立的模型对上海市2003～2007年城市生活用水量进行预测。结果表明,该灰色模型用于城市生活用水量预测,符合其灰色特性,通用性好,并且所需数据少,计算量适中,预测结果与实际情况比较吻合。     

保山西邑铅锌矿采选工程RQD与RBI对比研究

用岩石质量指标和岩体块度指数的理论,对钻孔岩心实测资料进行分析和对比研究,对钻孔周围岩体进行分级。结果表明:岩体块度指数在岩石质量评价中能更准确地反映其优越性,具有更为显著的工程意义。     

水平定向钻穿越工程的项目风险评价

随着我国城市化进程的加快,以及大型基础工程建设投入力度的加大,大型的水平定向钻穿越工程项目也越来越多,然而针对这类工程的风险评价却还不多。某大型天然气输气管道工程项目,投资多,风险大,事先进行风险评估十分必要。首先根据项目专家进行项目评估建立指标体系,然后结合模糊综合评价法和层次分析法各自的优点,针对该指标体系及专家所提供的评判数据,建立判断矩阵和隶属度矩阵并运用Matlab编程计算得权向量和隶属度向量,计算得出项目的风险值,得出相应的结论。     

基于情景分析的天津市滨海新区地面沉降预测

鉴于地面沉降演化的地质系统渐变性特征,从主要致灾因子考虑建立地面沉降数值模型。设计3种地下水开采情景,编译计算机程序预测地下水位动态变化过程中的地面沉降值。至2020年,在最不利、适中和最理想3种情景下天津市滨海新区最大累计沉降量分别达640 mm、520 mm和150mm;全区平均累计沉降量分别达268 mm、177 mm和95 mm。     

利用氮氧同位素研究桂林寨底地下河硝酸盐来源

工农业生产的迅速发展使地下水硝酸盐氮(NO3-—N)污染成为世界性的环境问题。地下水中硝酸盐的来源研究在水文地质结构特殊的西南岩溶地区就显得尤为重要。稳定氮同位素和氧同位素在地下水硝酸盐的来源示踪研究中有着广泛的应用。本研究选取岩溶地区典型地下河——广西桂林寨底地下河为研究对象,通过氮氧同位素数据,判断寨底地下河硝酸盐来源是以动物粪便为主的农家肥,为该区地下水的保护和利用提供科学依据。     

乳酸乳球菌XP-15对仿刺参生长、免疫及肠道菌群结构的影响

乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）是一种具有促进宿主生长、增强机体免疫力的益生菌。本研究以仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）为研究对象,以仿刺参源肠道分离菌株乳酸乳球菌XP 15为候选益生菌,开展菌株XP 15对仿刺参生长、免疫及肠道菌群结构的影响研究。以乳酸乳球菌XP 15投喂组为实验组（XP 15组）,基础饲料投喂组为对照组（CK组）,进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示,第1—8周,XP 15组的仿刺参肠道内的乳球菌属（Lactococcus spp.）呈现逐渐增加趋势,至第8周时占比为54.00%,明显高于CK组的7.33%,表明菌株XP 15可较好地在仿刺参肠道内定殖;于第6周取肠道进行免疫酶活力测定,结果显示,XP 15组仿刺参肠道一氧化氮合成酶（nitric oxide synthase, NOS）、酸性磷酸酶（acid phosphatase, ACP）和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）等免疫指标显著高于CK组。于第6周采用体腔注射法进行相对免疫保护率实验,计算结果表明,投喂菌株XP 15后仿刺参在塔式弧菌（Vibrio tubiashii）感染中的成活率为73.33%,高于对照组的33.33%。于第8周测定各组仿刺参体重计算增重率,结果显示,初始体重为(43.63±2.15) g的XP 15组仿刺参的增重率为122.19%,显著高于初始体重为(42.10±1.93) g的CK组(增重率为109.46%）,表明菌株XP 15对仿刺参的生长有一定的促进作用。本研究可为乳酸乳球菌作为候选益生菌种在水产养殖上的应用提供参考依据。     

Effects of Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 on digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

A marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 was supplemented to feed in a feeding experiment aiming to determine its ability of enhancing the digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumber individuals were fed with the diets containing 0(control), 105, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 for 45 days. Results showed that intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 in comparison with control(P 0.01). The phagocytic activity in the coelomocytes of sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 was significantly higher than that of those fed control diet(P 0.05). In addition, 105 and 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 significantly enhanced lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, respectively, in comparison with other diets(P 0.01). Sea cucumbers, 10 each diet, were challenged with Vibrio splendidus NB13 after 45 days of feeding. It was found that the cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cucumber fed with BC228 containing diets were lower than those of animals fed control diet. Our findings evidenced that BC228 supplemented in diets improved the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber, stimulated its immune response and enhanced its resistance to the infection of V. splendidus.     

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budget of a Polyculture System of Sea Cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus）, Jellyfish （Rhopilema esculenta） and Shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis）

The nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) budget and the ecological efficiency of a polyculture system of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus), jellyfish(Rhopilema esculenta) and shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) were studied in a cofferdam, 120.2 ha in size. The nutrients were supplied by spring tide inflow. In total, 139600 kg N yr-1 and 9730 kg P yr-1 input to the system; while 118900 kg N yr-1 and 2840 kg P yr-1 outflowed from the system concurrently, thus the outflow was 85.7%(N) and 29.2%(P) of inflow. The production of N and P was 889.5 kg yr-1 and 49.28 kg yr-1(sea cucumber) and 204 kg yr-1 and 18.03 kg yr-1(jellyfish and shrimp), respectively. The utilization rate of N and P by polycultured animals was 7.8‰ and 6.9‰, respectively, 21.9% and 38% higher than that of monocultured sea cucumber. Our results indicated that the polyculture system was an efficient culture system of animals and a remediation system of coastal environment as well; it scavenged 14.3% and 70.8% of N and P, respectively. Such an ecological efficiency may be improved further by increasing either the stocking density or the size of sea cucumber or both.     

Volume estimation of small scale debris flows based on observations of topographic changes using airborne LiDAR DEMs

This paper describes a geographic information system(GIS)-based method for observing changes in topography caused by the initiation, transport, and deposition of debris flows using highresolution light detection and ranging(LiDAR) digital elevation models(DEMs) obtained before and after the debris flow events. The paper also describes a method for estimating the volume of debris flows using the differences between the LiDAR DEMs. The relative and absolute positioning accuracies of the LiDAR DEMs were evaluated using a real-time precise global navigation satellite system(GNSS) positioning method. In addition, longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the study area were constructed to determine the topographic changes caused by the debris flows. The volume of the debris flows was estimated based on the difference between the LiDAR DEMs. The accuracies of the relative and absolute positioning of the two LiDAR DEMs were determined to be ±10 cm and ±11 cm RMSE, respectively, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method for determining topographic changes at an scale equivalent to that of field investigations. Based on the topographic changes, the volume of the debris flows in the study area was estimated to be 3747 m3, which is comparable with the volume estimated based on the data from field investigations.