The Rio Narcea gold belt intrusions: geology, petrology, geochemistry and timing

This paper discusses the petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the intrusive rocks located along the Rio Narcea Gold Belt, and the timing of formation of the El Valle-Boinás deposit. Rocks in the belt range from quartz-monzodiorites through quartz-monzogranites to monzogranites. The former are made up of pyroxene (clino and ortho), amphibole (magnesiohornblende), biotite, zoned plagioclase (An35-70), and to a lesser degree quartz and K-feldspar. The monzogranites consist of biotite, zoned plagioclase (An30-60), quartz and K-feldspar. All igneous rocks are characterized by the presence of ilmenite and the lack or scarce presence of magnetite indicating their formation under reducing conditions. The granitoids are calc-alkaline I type, potassium-rich and highly reducent with more ferrous than ferric iron. Their characteristics are like the plutons associated with gold and copper (zinc) skarns, but their characteristics reflect more reducent formation conditions, increasing their capacity to form gold skarns.The Boinas granitoid emplacement occurred at about 303±6 Ma and generated calcic and magnesic skarns at the contact with limestone and dolostones of the Láncara Formation. Skarns and granitoids were first altered to amphibole and sericite, respectively, and mineralized at 302±9 Ma. The intrusion of subvolcanic porphyritic dikes produced a second period of alteration at 285±4 Ma, characterized by carbonatization and sericitization of the monzogranites and chloritization and serpentinization of the skarns. The later intrusion of diabasic dikes at 255±6 Ma produced limited carbonatization, silicification and sericitization and hypogene oxidation of the previous stages. Supergene oxidation then occurred at the top of the ore and along fractures and breccias.     

Lead Isotopic Steep-Dipping Zone and Mineralization—An Example from Mineral Deposits Concentrated Area in East Qinling,China

INTRODUCTIONBecause of the inhomogeneity of material composition andtexture in the earth lithosphere,on the margins of differentearth blocks often exists the change of geochemicalcharacteristic values and geophysical gradients. The Pb-isotopetopological diagram which divides different Pb-isotopeprovinces within Chinese continent shows (Zhu,1995) thatsome margins of the Proterozoic basement or boundaries ofancient plates are presented as geochemical steep-dippingzones. The Pb-isotopic co…     

徐家围子断陷深层天然气的形成

通过对松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层天然气的地质和地球化学分析 ,揭示了天然气的成因特征和形成过程。该区天然气的分子组成和同位素组成均显示出较大的变化 ,甲烷是天然气中的主要组分 ,质量分数在 57.4 % - 98.2 %之间 ,平均为 90 .1%。主要非烃气体是CO2 和N2 ,平均质量分数分别为 4 .9%和 3.2 % ,且CO2 质量分数变化范围较大。气体同位素分析结果表明 ,甲烷同位素显示煤型气特征 ,而乙烷和丙烷的同位素显示油型气的特征 ,表明徐家围子深部除煤和Ⅲ型干酪根作为主要气源外 ,仍有一定含量趋于生油的Ⅱ型干酪根作为次要气源 ,实测和计算结果证实天然气主要是有机质在高成熟阶段形成的产物。运移过程中和成藏后的次生变化使天然气的组成和同位素面目变得非常复杂 ,尤其是由盖层微渗漏造成的蒸发分馏作用使同位素出现倒转。徐家围子断陷深层煤型气的发现为该区油气勘探展示出了更广阔的前景。     

Isotopic chronology and geological events of Precambrian complex in Taihangshan region

There are five major geological events in Precambrian complex, Taihangshan region determined by researching into geology and isotopic chronology of the complex. Basaltic magma erupted and quartz-dioritic to tonalitic magma intruded in earlier neo-Archaean, which formed hornblende-plagiogneiss of Fuping gneiss complex and metamorphic mafic rock enclaves in TTG gneiss complex. Granulite facies metamorphism and emplacement of biotite-plagiogneiss occurred in late neo-Archaean. Extension and uplifting from the end of neo-Archaean to Paleoproterozoic era formed Chengnanzhuang large extensional deformation zones and metamorphic mafic veins emplaced into the deformation zones. Remobilization of Precambrian complex and tectonic uplifting in late Paleoproterozoic era formed Longquanguan ductile shear zone and emplacement of Nanying gneiss. Occurrence of regional granite pegmatite at the end of Paleoproterozoic era means the end of the Lliang movement.     

Differential uplift between Beihuaiyang and Dabie orogenic belt

Isotope dating, hornblende geobarometer, fission-track analysis and fluid inclusion homogeneous temperature analysis have been applied to Caledonian, Variscan and Yenshan plutons in Bei Huaiyang (BHY) and Dabie orogenic belt (DOB), and the emplaced depths and ages of these plutons have been obtained in order to obtain differential uplift time and uplift heights between BHY and DOB since late Paleozoic era. BHY had experienced three stages of uplift (C1-C2, T-J2, J3-K1) and its total uplift height is about 10 km, but, DOB had only experienced two stages of uplift (T-J2, J3-K1) and its maximum uplift height is more than 15 km. BHY uplift occurred mainly before the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma), but DOB uplift took place after the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma).     

Two stages of isotopic exchanges experienced by the Ertaibei granite pluton, northern Xinjiang, China

¹⁸O/¹⁶O and D/H of coexisting feldspar, quartz, and biotite separates of twenty samples collected from the Ertaibei granite pluton, northern Xinjiang, China are determined. It is shown that the Ertaibei pluton experienced two stages of isotopic exchanges. The second stage of¹⁸O/¹⁶O and D/H exchanges with meteoric water brought about a marked decrease in the δ¹⁸O values of feldspar and biotite from the second group of samples. The D/H of biotite exhibits a higher sensitivity to the meteoric water alteration than its¹⁸O/¹⁶O. However, the first stage of¹⁸O/¹⁶O exchange with the¹⁸O-rich aqueous fluid derived from the dehydration within the deep crust caused the Δ¹⁸O_{Quartz-Feldspar} reversal. It is inferred that the dehydration-melting may have been an important mechanism for anatexis. It is shown that the deep fluid encircled the Ertaibei pluton like an envelope which serves as an effective screen to the surface waters.     

陨石中的太阳系外物质及其同位素异常

到目前为止从陨石中分离出的太阳系外物质有金刚石、碳化硅、石墨、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、刚玉及尖晶石等。除金刚石为纳米级大小外,其他为微米和次微米级颗粒。这些太阳系外物质主要存在于原始的球粒陨石的基质中,并通过化学分离的方法获得。金刚石携带分别由ｐ－过程和ｒ－过程产生的Ｘｅ同位素组分（Ｘｅ－ＨＬ）,其源区可能提超新星。绝大部分碳化硅相对于太阳系物质富＾２９．３０Ｓｉ和＾１３Ｃ,贫＾１５Ｎ,并携带ｓ－过程产生的各     

U-Pb Zircon Dating of the Yeniutan Granitic Intrusion in the Western Sector of the North Qilian Mountains

Zircons from granodiorite and biotite granite in the Yeniutan granitic intrusion in the western North Qilian Mountains yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U apparent age of 460±3 Ma, suggesting that the intrusion originated during the late stage of plate subduction. Its related Ta'ergou and Xiaoliugou deposits are two of the few large tungsten deposits formed in the plate subduction environment in the world. The U-Pb dating of the zircons from the biotite granite gave a discordant lower intercept age of 183±4 Ma, which implies that the Yanshanian event was probably superimposed on the North Qilian region.     

冲绳海槽中部Jade热液活动区中海底热液沉积物的硫同位素组成及其地质意义

测定了冲绳海槽中部Jade热液活动区中18个热液沉积物样品的硫同位素组式,其中10个硫化物样品的δ34S值为5.2×10-3～7.2×10-3,7个硫酸盐样品的34S值为16.3×10-3～22.3×10-3,1个自然硫样品的δ34S值为8.2×10-3热液沉积物的硫主要来自中、酸性火山岩和海水,并且在流体与沉积物相互作用过程中海底沉积物也可能为热液沉积物的形成提供部分的硫.导致本区热液沉积物中硫化物与其他热液活动区的硫同位素组成不同的原因,主要是各热液活动区的硫源以及有关岩浆活动和构造演变的不同.海底热液体系中硫的演化是一个复杂的过程,涉及被加热海水的上升、流体与火山岩的相互作用、海水硫酸盐和中、酸性火山岩中流的混合作用以及流体与沉积物相互作周等一系列海底热液活动,其中海水和中、酸性火山岩的相互作用是本区硫演化的一个重要机制.     

Historical Constraints on Slope Movement Age: a Case Study at Broadway, United Kingdom

The Broadway area of the Cotswolds has been extensively investigated in an attempt to delineate areas of slope instability, including'relict'landslides, which may have been initiated under periglacial climatic conditions. It is, therefore, useful both in terms of the geomorphology and of the understanding of the evolution of the area, to investigate the rates and timing of any reactivation and subsequent movements of landslides in this area. The remains of ridge and furrow cultivation can be seen extensively throughout the Cotswolds. This particular agricultural practice, which documentary evidence suggests dates back to Anglo-Saxon times (approximately 10th century AD), has been disturbed in many places by slope movements. A detailed study of Parish Records and other local his-torical sources has revealed that ridge and furrow cultivation ceased on Parliamentary Enclosure, which in this area, occurred in 1771. Therefore, it is possible to identify patterms of slope movement between these dates. Landslides have been identified by ground mapping and aerial photography, and can be divided into three categories. Firstly, active landslides which are those which have shown evidence of movement during the study period. Secondly, suspended landslides, which show evidence of movement, but have not been observed to move during the study period. In this context, this has been taken to mean landslides, which have shown evidence of movement since 1771. Thirdly, relict landslides which have shown no evidence of movement since 1771 and thus were probably active under a different climatic regime. By incorporating historical data with the geomorphological survey it has been possible to identify areas of potentially difficult ground for engineering geomorphological purposes.