近江牡蛎与太平洋牡蛎的同工酶鉴别

福建省罗源湾于上世纪80年代初先后引进来自日本、台湾和澳大利亚的太平洋牡蛎．该品种引进后不久就开始出现养殖品质退化的现象；对此，有人怀疑是与本地近江牡蛎杂交所致。本文通过同工酶分析，确认罗源湾太平洋牡蛎被测样品中不舍与近江牡蛎杂交的个体．苹果酸脱氢酶电泳可作为鉴定相关种群的技术手段．但是，本项调查结果也显示罗源湾太平洋牡蛎很可能不是纯系品种，培育纯化品系、加强种质管理对振兴福建牡蛎产业具有重要意义。     

GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF INTRODUCED Gouramy Helostoma Temminckii (Pisces: Helostomatidae) IN BRUNEI‘S WETLAND

Kissing gouramy ( Helostoma temminckii) was introduced into Tasek Merimbun in the 1980 s. We studied their genetic profile using allozyme electrophoresis and found that all loci were monomorphic. The loss of het-erozygotes may suggest that the gouramy are inbreds. They must have reproduced by repeated sib-mating over the years. The severe drought in Tasek Merimbun may have aggravated the genetic erosion further. The genetic variability of kissing gouramy in terms of % polymorphic loci, mean number of alleles per loci and observed heterozygosity level were lower than Cyprinids in the same lake and kissing gouramy from the wild. We also note that kissing gouramy is a fast grower and may threaten the livelihood of indigenous fishes in the lake.     

The Appearance of Ulva laetevirens（Ulvophyceae,Chlorophyta） in the Northeast Coast of the United States of America

Introduced species may outcompete or hybridize with native species, resulting in the loss of native biodiversity or even alteration of ecosystem processes. In this study, we reported an alien distromatic Ulva species, which was found in an embayment（Holly Pond） connected with Long Island Sound, USA. The morphological and anatomical observations in combination with molecular data were used for its identification to species. Anatomy of collected specimens showed that the cell shape in rhizoidal and basal regions was round and the marginal teeth along the basal and median region were not found. These characteristics were primarily identical to the diagnostic characteristics of Ulva laetevirens Areschoug（Chlorophyta）. The plastid-encoding tufA and nucleus-encoding ITS1 were used for its molecular identification. Phylogenetic analysis for the tufA gene placed the specimens from Holly Pond in a well-supported clade along with published sequences of U. laetevirens identified early without any sequence divergence. In ITS tree, the sample also formed well-supported clades with the sequences of U. laetevirens with an estimated sequence divergence among the taxa in these clades as low as 1%. These findings confirmed the morpho-anatomical conclusion. Native to Australia, this species was reported in several countries along the Mediterranean coast after the late of 1990 s. This is the first time that U. laetevirens is found in the northeast coast of United States and the second record for Atlantic North America.     

Sexual traits plasticity of the potentially invasive limpet Bostrycapulus odites (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) within its natural distribution in South America

The slipper limpet Bostrycapulus odites has recently been reported as an introduced species on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Another species in the family Calyptraeidae, Crepidula fornicata, is a problematic invasive species in the Northeast Atlantic, which makes the closely related Bostrycapulus introduction a matter of concern. Information on the biology of B. odites in its natural environment can facilitate predictions on where the species could find favourable conditions for settlement and expansion. Size and sex were recorded for individuals in four populations over 2600 km of the Southwestern Atlantic shoreline, in Argentina and Brazil, covering the whole native latitudinal range of this widely distributed species. Animals were collected by hand in the intertidal or by SCUBA in subtidal locations; specimens were examined to determine shell length, sex, and the presence and number of brooded egg capsules in females. Mean shell length for the whole population did not differ significantly among populations. However, this species experiences sequential hermaphroditism (protandrism), and the size at sexual maturity (minimum male size) increased significantly with latitude. The fecundity of females at all sites increased with size, and the number of brooded egg capsules as well as the average size of capsules was larger in bigger individual females; however, mean fecundity varied among sites independent of mean female body size. This limpet species modifies its reproductive traits with local conditions, and sexual characters develop earlier in more temperate localities.     

Distribution,population size and conservation of the Cape gannet Morus capensis

The Cape gannet is endemic to the southern African coast where it currently breeds at six islands: Mercury, Ichaboe and Possession off South West Africa and Bird (Lambert's Bay), Malgas and Bird (Algoa Bay) off South Africa. Previously, breeding also occurred at Hollams Bird, Halifax and Seal (False Bay) Islands. Equivocal records for Marcus, Dassen and Dyer Islands are not accepted. Off South West Africa, gannets were breeding at Hollams Bird, Mercury and Ichaboe Islands at least as early as 1828, but they only occupied Halifax and Possession Islands sometime between that date and c. 1885, possibly as a result of displacement of gannets from Ichaboe Island during exploitation of accumulated guano deposits in the early 1840s. Gannets bred at Hollams Bird Island until at least 1938, but had ceased breeding at Halifax Island by 1928. Off South Africa the earliest records of breeding are 1648, 1687, 1755 and 1912 for Malgas, Seal (False Bay), Bird (Port Elizabeth) and Bird (Lambert's Bay) Islands respectively. Gannets have not been reported at Seal Island since the late 17th century. On the west coast of Africa the Cape gannet is a regular nonbreeding winter visitor as far north as 4°20′N 6°00′E, but west of 6°E it is rare. On the east coast of Africa it is a common winter visitor as far north as Delagoa Bay, but farther north it is rare. Within its normal range the Cape gannet seldom occurs farther off shore than 100 km; it hardly ever moves inland. Aerial censuses of Cape gannets at breeding islands in 1967, 1969, 1978, 1980 and 1981 are compared with an aerial census conducted in 1956 and other published estimates of abundance. Between 1956 and 1980 the estimated number of breeding pairs at all colonies decreased from c. 150 000 to c. 80 000 and numbers decreased at all three extant gannetries off South West Africa. These decreases are attributed to a greatly diminished food resource following the collapse of the South West African pilchard stock after the late 1960s. The number of gannets decreased at Bird (Lambert's Bay) and Malgas Islands between 1956 and the late 1960s but subsequently increased, trends that are related to performances of the Western Cape pilchard and anchovy resources respectively. At Bird Island (Algoa Bay) gannets were up to 3,5 times more abundant in the late 1970s than in 1956. Other marine resources located east of Cape Point have shown similar large increases in recent years. Rates of increase of gannets at islands off South Africa during the 1970s would have required an unrealistically high survival for the first year had other population parameters remained constant. It is possible that birds emigrated from the South West African Islands. Few gannets have been reported oiled, and conservation of the species seems to be mainly affected by greatly reduced prey availability and injudicious guano harvesting. Human exploitation of juvenile gannets off the West African coast is difficult to assess.     

超大穗小麦在山东引种的气候适应性

利用山东省和陕西省中部４５个气象台站建站至１９９０年的气象资料，采用欧氏距离的计算方法，并按照各气候要素不同的权重系数进行修正，求出综合相似距。     

网络信息技术在贺州市气象综合业务平台建设中的应用

运用SQLServer2000数据库、TCP、FTP、CTI、Java、XML、JavaScrip、GIS、WEBGIS等各种技术,将实况监测显示、上级指导产品查阅、预报预测产品及城镇预报制作上传、预警信息及气象服务材料制作发送、气象服务效益评估、灾情收集上报、业务管理等基本业务集成到一个综合的业务平台上实现,业务平台...