Using benthic macrofauna to assess environmental quality of four intertidal mudflats in Hong Kong and Shenzhen Coast

Abstract-Intertidal zone is a significant wetland between land and ocean. It plays an important rolein maintaining local ecological balance. Both Mai Po and Futian intertidal mudflats are located in Shen-zhen Bay and are important "refueling" point along the East Asian/Australian flyway of migratory birds.The environmental quality of Mai Po and Futian mudflats have aroused great concern due to rapid eco-nomic developments in Hong Kong and Shenzhen in recent decades. Microinfauna of Mai Po and Futianmudflats was investigated in December 2000 and the faunal data were used to assess their environmentalquality. Two other mudflats, namely Ma Wan Typhoon Shelter (a more disturbed area) and Luk Kengintertidal mudflat (a place with relatively less human disturbance), were also sampled for macroinfaunaand used as reference mudflats. Shannon-Weaver species diversity index (I_(sd)), biotic coefficient (C_b)and macrofaunal pollution index (I_(mp)) of the macrofauna community on four intertidal mudflats wereused to     

大亚湾的环境研究

大亚湾自然条件优越,生物资源丰富,是当前广东经济开发的“热点”。本文从生态环境的角度讨论大亚湾的环境质量问题,并指出今后大亚湾的经济开发应注意环境保护问题。     

The Effect of Human Exclusion on the Population Structure of Key-Hole Limpets Fissurella crassa and F. limbata on the Coast of Central Chile

Abstract. We describe the basic ecology of two key-hole limpets, Fissurella crassa and Fissurella limbata , which are heavily harvested by coastal shellfishermen (mariscadores) at the rocky intertidal of central Chile. The ecological role of human predation on these species was assessed. Anthropic exclusion from a stretch of the rocky intertidal at Las Cruces (non-harvested area) for about two and a half years resulted in changes of the densities and size distributions of these fissurelid species as compared to populations in control zones (harvested area). Differential human predation generates, on key-hole limpets, responses of different intensities related to the accessibility of man to the mesohabitats (sheltered platforms, exposed platforms and vertical walls) and fringes of the intertidal (mid-low intertidal and Lessonia nigrescens fringe). Thus, size distributions and mean densities of both fissurelids differ widely between the harvested and non-harvested areas on both platform habitats but not on vertical walls. In the mid-low intertidal fringe, differences are greater than in the less accessible L. nigrescens intertidal fringe. Moreover, we discuss the way in which other species, directly harvested by mariscadores (i. e., the mollusc Concholepas concholepas) can affect the keyhole limpet populations of central Chile rocky shores. Finally, we highlight the ecological role of these limpets on the dynamics of intertidal ecosystems and how they can modify community landscape.     

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带贝类资源时空分布

为了解南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带贝类十多年来的动态变化,在1992年研究基础上,于2003年度再赴南麂列岛对岩、沙相贝类进行了研究.本次调查鉴定出贝类105种,其中岩相93种、沙相12种,6种为南麂列岛新记录种,对岩相、沙相贝类组合的生态特征进行了分析,岩相多样性和均匀度指数(1.25~2.20和0.54~0.70)高于沙相的(0.23~0.95和0.17~0.94).岩相贝类数量为3025.70g/m2和2660个/m2,生物量垂直分布为低潮区最高(6471.99g/m2),中潮区居中(3772.09g/m2),高潮区最小(78.35g/m2),栖息密度为中潮区最大(4245个/m2),低潮区居中(2973个/m2),高潮区最小(439个/m2).沙相贝类数量为16.81g/m2和11个/m2,低潮区(29.43g/m2和11个/m2)大于中潮区(14.01g/m2和10个/m2).通过与以往资料比对发现,岩礁贝类数量有所增加,沙滩贝类数量则明显下降,监控区贝类数量明显多于其他区域,对贝类资源变化产生影响的相关因子作了分析探讨.     

钦州湾内湾贝类养殖海区水环境特征及营养状况初探

根据 1 998年 1 0月和 1 999年 5月的调查资料 ,阐述了钦州湾内湾水环境特征及 N/P的变化 ,以 DIN、DIP、COD和 Chl- a为富营养化指标 ,用营养状态质量指数 (NQI )分析探讨了该湾的营养状态 ,并从富营养角度讨论了该湾的污染程度     

温度、盐度、光照强度和pH对海洋原甲藻增长的效应

采用微量移液稀释法对海洋原甲藻进行无菌培养，以研究温度、盐度、光照强度和pH对海洋原甲藻增长的效应。结果表明，海洋原甲藻最大增殖速率发生在温度为(25±1)℃、盐度为31、光照强度为3000lx、pH为8.0的环境条件下。海洋原甲藻在温度18—28℃、盐度为25—34、光照强度为1000—6500lx、pH为7.5—8.3范围内适宜生长。这一结果与观测到的海洋原甲藻赤潮发生时环境条件相近，其中温度的效应最为明显。     

厦门地区软相潮间带多毛类的生态

根据厦门地区１９９０年２月至１９９２年１月调查软相潮间带所获资料，研究了该区多毛类的种类组成，数量与分布，结果表明，该区多毛类种类丰富，共鉴定出１１８种，隶属于３７科８３属。其中，高潮区４０种，中潮区９０种，低潮区８３种。多毛类平均栖息密度８７个／ｍ＾３，平均生物量３．３３ｇ／ｍ＾２。     

氧同位素分析在东濮凹陷下第三纪沉积环境中的应用

主要介绍了氧同位素的地球化学特征，并利用这些特征在沉积环境方面的指示意义，分析了东濮凹陷下第三系盐湖沉积的氧同位素。分析结果表明：尽管保存在碳酸盐中的氧同位素的值不能定量地反映原始氧同位素的值，不能够作为区分海陆相的标志，但它可以定性地探讨碳酸盐沉积时的沉积环境。通过对东濮凹陷下第三系盐湖沉积的氧同位素分析发现，从沙四上到沙一时期，除了沙三上的δ^18O有些突变外，基本上呈递增趋势。这反映出，从沙四上到沙一时期该区的气候逐渐向干早过渡；沙四上到沙三上一段δ＾18Ｏ明显比沙一和沙二上伯低，说明在沙四上到沙三上时期，该沉积区的蒸发作用还不是很显著，而另一方面也说明在由沙三上向沙二上过渡时，该区可能存在一次气候突变，使得沙二上和沙一时期的蒸发量远大于降雨量，δ^18O的值也因此迅速增大。同时，也做了碳酸盐同位素系数Z值的研究，其揭示的沉积环境特征与氧同位素基本相同。     

南四湖,东平湖资源综合开发问题探讨

南四湖，东平湖是华北重要的淡水湖，湖区自然条件优越，资源丰富，有巨大开发潜力。本文分析湖区资源特征，开发利用现状和存在问题，提出合理开发利用途径与对策。     

灰色关联分析法在海洋环境质量评价中的应用

介绍了灰色关联分析法的原理,说明了其评价步骤。以青岛某海区海水水质评价为例阐明了该方法在海洋环境评价中的应用,并将评价结果与模糊综合评价结果加以比较,结果表明,两种评价方法的评价结果有着较明显的差别,分析了原因。本文还提出了海水污染防治措施,为海洋环境保护提供依据。