基于规则格网的DEM插值实验

通过地形建模,将6个地形隶属函数按照101×101,112×112,126×126,144×144,168×168,201×201,257×257 7种格网密度生成6种局部地形单元的规则格网DEM;使用反距离加权(IDW)等7种插值算法,将前6种格网密度下的DEM插值成257×257规格;从原始257×257DEM中随机抽取检查点计算残差,并对残差中误差进行分析。通过分组插值实验,运用控制变量法、方差分析等方法研究地貌类型、采样密度和插值算法对DEM插值精度的影响。     

利用水准数据的天津市地面沉降时空特征分析

地面不均匀沉降可能对城市的发展与人民的安全造成危害,天津市的地面沉降情况尤为严重。针对该问题,本文收集天津市2005—2012年、2016—2017年水准观测数据,以固定水准点位的沉降量、沉降速率、沉降加速率为状态向量,构建卡尔曼滤波模型,对天津市历年的水准观测数据进行滤波;根据滤波后的结果,本文利用多项式加权内插的方法,以距离、沉降速率、沉降加速率信息确定权值大小,对地面沉降情况进行内插;并以中误差作为精度评定参数,比较多种内插方法的精度。通过对内插结果的试验分析发现,2005—2017年天津市地面累计平均沉降量为394.477 5 mm,最大沉降量为1 143.5 mm;主要沉降区域为北辰、大港、塘沽等地区,且随着时间的增长,这些区域呈现漏斗式下沉。试验证明本文结合卡尔曼滤波与多项式加权内插的方式能够较好地反映地面沉降的时空特征分布情况并对未来一段时间的沉降情况进行预测,对天津市的城市发展及建设有一定的参考意义。     

一种改进的高铁无砟轨道检测方法

无砟轨道的静态检测通常是沿着轨道线路对轨枕逐个检测,这样做虽然能够满足工程精度的需要但是工作效率较低。文中通过比较不同的插值方法的优缺点,最终选择通过三次样条插值对静态轨道检测的隔轨数据进行处理,并结合贵广高铁检测工程在采用不同的测量方案下,对高铁线路直线段和曲线段的插值结果进行分析。并且用内插后的轨检数据结果与连续测量后得到的轨检数据进行比较,得出不同条件下最有效、最准确的测量与数据处理的实施方案,工程实践证明,文中提出的检测与数据处理手段具有准确性和高效性。     

基于多参量的模拟退火全局优化傅里叶有限差分算子

傅里叶有限差分法(FFD)能够处理复杂地质构造中的波传播问题,但对陡倾角成像仍有明显的误差.优化参数的方法能够在保持计算效率的前提下进一步提高陡倾角的成像精度.本文在有理近似的基础上,将FFD算子展开式中的常系数由两个拓展为四个,然后采用模拟退火算法对这四个参数进行全局优化.本方法除了考虑速度对比度以外,还考虑了频率和延拓步长等参量的影响.理论误差分析和脉冲响应测试均表明该方法能极大地提高FFD算子的精确传播角度.二维SEG/EAGE盐丘模型实验表明本文方法对陡倾角以及盐下构造的成像精度明显高于未优化的FFD法.将本文的方法与交替方向加插值的方法结合应用于三维脉冲响应测试更进一步证实了本文方法的有效性.     

基于回声探测监测沉水植物盖度的插值方法研究:以杭州西湖沉水植物盖度监测为例

沉水植物作为水生态系统的重要组成成分,在水生态系统物质循环和能量流动中发挥着重要作用,其覆盖度和生物量是评价湖泊等浅水水体系统稳定性的关键参数随着高效和无损伤监测的回声探测仪在沉水植物盖度监测中的应用,其精确度算法也受到了越来越多的关注本研究以成功恢复沉水植物的浅水湖泊杭州西湖为研究对象,利用BioSonics便携型回声探测仪——MX采集沉水植物回声样本同时结合人工样方设置,采集与回声探测对应位点的沉水植物样本,验证回声探测结果的精确性通过建立回归模型分析回声探测得到的沉水植物体积百分比(PVI)与人工样方获得的对应平均鲜重关系,结果表明二者具有较好的相关性分别采用普通克里金法、反距离权重法、径向基函数法3种插值方法对同一季节的不同湖泊和同一湖泊的不同季节未采集区域沉水植物的盖度数据进行插值分析,并对插值结果进行交叉验证,以确定方法的精确度交叉验证结果表明,插值精确度反距离权重法径向基函数法普通克里金法研究结果为回声探测与插值分析方法结合在大尺度浅水水体中沉水植物监测应用提供了技术支撑.     

A method for assessing local variation among scattered measurements

Automatic triangulation of scattered locations permits analysis of local variation in a dependent variable through calculation of a roughness index. This is approached by treating triangles of the triangulation (including the dependent variable) as vectorial structures, and accumulating at each data point the vector sum of the cluster of triangles surrounding it. The roughness index is defined as the complement of the ratio of the area of a triangle cluster to the area of component triangles as projected onto a gradient plane defined by their vector sum. The roughness index provides a measure of consistency of data values relative to surrounding observations and can be interpreted as a local index of reliability of interpolation.     

Quality control and homogeneity of Turkish precipitation data

Outlier trimming and homogeneity checking/correction were performed on the monthly precipitation time series of various lengths from 267 stations in Turkey. Outlier values are usually found during dry summer months, and are concentrated mostly over the southern parts of the country, where the dry period is most pronounced, implying natural extremes rather than wrong measurements. Homogeneity analysis was done using the Standard Normal Homogeneity Test, on an individual monthly basis, which led to many non‐testable series due to lack of reference stations, especially during summer months. Yet, remaining testable months were usually helpful for the assessment of homogenity, revealing a well distributed set of stations that proved to be homogeneous. There were still a number of stations which either could not be tested efficiently, or were classified as inhomogeneous. Lack of metadata is argued to be largely responsible for inefficient homogeneity testing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FPGA在时间测量中的应用

利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的内部资源，在FPGA中实现了高精度时间间隔测量系统的设计。     

Propagation of vertical and horizontal source data errors into a TIN with linear interpolation

Digital elevation models (DEMs) have been widely used for a range of applications and form the basis of many GIS-related tasks. An essential aspect of a DEM is its accuracy, which depends on a variety of factors, such as source data quality, interpolation methods, data sampling density and the surface topographical characteristics. In recent years, point measurements acquired directly from land surveying such as differential global positioning system and light detection and ranging have become increasingly popular. These topographical data points can be used as the source data for the creation of DEMs at a local or regional scale. The errors in point measurements can be estimated in some cases. The focus of this article is on how the errors in the source data propagate into DEMs. The interpolation method considered is a triangulated irregular network (TIN) with linear interpolation. Both horizontal and vertical errors in source data points are considered in this study. An analytical method is derived for the error propagation into any particular point of interest within a TIN model. The solution is validated using Monte Carlo simulations and survey data obtained from a terrestrial laser scanner.     

遥感影像大气校正通用查找表的设计与插值算法

大气参数查找是遥感图像大气校正中一个重要的步骤。本文针对当前多数大气参数查找表普适性不强、查找表数据存储空间巨大、具体实施步骤不详细的问题,建立了一个通用化的多维大气参数查找表,其光谱分辨率为1 nm,并适用于多种遥感传感器。本文采用二进制文件方式存储查找表,并研究采用多维拉格朗日和多维反距离加权插值方法对输入参数进行插值。结果表明以二进制文件方式存储查找表,不但可以最大化地减少磁盘存储空间,还可以实现查找表数据快速随机读取;相对于多维反距离加权插值方法,多维拉格朗日插值方法的速度更快,精度更高,与MODTRAN4.0模型计算结果(真值)相比,它的误差仅为±1.0%左右。