Observation of internal tidal currents in the Kaoping Canyon off southwestern Taiwan

Internal tidal currents and associated water-mass displacements were investigated during multiple cruises in the Kaoping Submarine Canyon off southwestern Taiwan. Observations from both moored and shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and hydrographic casts were conducted along the canyon. The velocity data showed that in the lower layer the major axis of the tidal currents aligned with the orientation of the canyon, and currents moved up-canyon during flood and down-canyon during ebb. The vertical-phase shift and amplitude of the currents indicated that the semidiurnal internal tide dominated with intensity increasing with depth toward the canyon head. Tidal energy was channeled from the shelf landward with a beamlike internal wave, guided by bottom topography. The estimated phase velocity was 1.4–1.7 m s⁻¹, based on normal mode analysis and the phase lag between sampling stations. Empirical orthogonal function analysis of hydrographic profiles confirmed that the first mode (M₂ internal tide) explained 70% of the total variance. The strong convergence of internal tidal currents near the canyon head during flood may play an important role in the daily migration of cherry shrimps, which burrow along the canyon wall.     

Energetics of wind-induced turbulent mixing in the ocean

The pattern and magnitude of the global ocean overturning circulation is believed to be strongly controlled by the distribution of diapycnal diffusivity below 1000 m depth. Although wind stress fluctuation is a candidate for the major energy sources of diapycnal mixing processes, the global distribution of wind-induced diapycnal diffusivity is still uncertain. It has been believed that internal waves generated by wind stress fluctuations at middle and high latitudes propagate equatorward until their frequency is twice the local inertial frequency and break down via parametric subharmonic instabilities, causing diapycnal mixing. In order to check the proposed scenario, we use a vertically two-dimensional primitive equation model to examine the spatial distribution of “mixing hotspots” caused by wind stress fluctuations. It is shown that most of the wind-induced energy fed into the ocean interior is dissipated within the top 1000 m depth in the wind-forced area and the energy dissipation rate at low latitudes is very small. Consequently, the energy supplied to diapycnal mixing processes below 1000 m depth falls short of the level required to sustain the global ocean overturning circulation.     

Numerical Prediction of Vortex Induced Vibrations on Top Tensioned Riser in Consideration of Internal Flow

In consideration of the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition on the vortex-induced vibration （VIV） of top tensioned riser （Till）, the differential equation is derived based on work-energy principles and the riser near wake dynamics is modeled by Facchinetti＇ s wake oscillator model. Then Galerkin＇ s finite element approximation is implemented to derive the nonlinear matrix equation of the coupled equations and file corresponding numerical programs are compiled which solve the coupled equations directly in the time domain. The comparison of the predicted results with the recent experimental results and the prediction of SHEAR7 is performed. The results show the validity of the proposed method on the prediction of VIV of deep water risers. The effect of internal flow on the dynamic characteristics and dynmnic response of the riser is analyzed and several valuable conelusions are drawn.     

海洋背景磁场模拟计算及东中国海表层磁场分布

海洋中海水的运动会切割地球磁场,生成微弱的电场,进而在海洋内部和周围空间激发感生电磁场,即约为地球磁场一万至十万分之一的微弱海洋背景磁场.文中针对海洋背景磁场的生成机制及近几十年来对海洋背景磁场的理论研究,结合世界磁场模型WMM2005,模拟计算了三种典型的海洋运动--海浪、海流、内波所产生的感应磁场,建立了海洋背景磁场的数值计算模型,并在此基础上设计开发了海洋背景磁场的模拟计算软件.最后用卫星多传感器资料驱动普林斯顿海洋动力学模式,得到的东中国海2005年海洋表层环流数据,模拟计算了东中国海海表层磁场分布,对其磁场变化与分布规律作了简要分析.     

两层流体中内波作用下Spar平台运动响应

研究两层流体中Spar平台在内波作用下的运动响应问题。在线性势流理论框架,提出在内波作用下Spar平台运动响应及分段式悬链线系泊张力特性的计算方法。数值分析两层流体内界面位置、入射内波的波长以及系泊索初始预张力对Spar平台运动响应及其系泊索张力特性的影响规律,结果表明内波对Spar平台纵摇运动响应的影响是小的,但对Spar平台纵荡与垂荡运动响应及其系泊索张力的影响是不可忽视的。因此,在Spar平台的设计中,考虑内波的影响是重要的。     

Study on Structure of Arched Longitudinal Beams of Deep-Water Wharf

High-pile and beam-slab quays have been widely used after several years development.They are mature enough to be one of the most important structural types of wharves in China coastal areas. In order to accommodate large tonnage vessels, wharves should be constructed in deep water gradually. However, conventional high-pileand beam-slab structures are hard to meet the requirements of large deep-water wharf.According to arch''s stresscharacteristics, a new type of wharf with catenary arched longitudinal beams is presented in this paper. The new wharf structure can make full use of arch''s overhead crossing and reinforced concrete compression resistance, improve the interval between transverse bents greatly, and decrease underwater construction quantity. Thus, the construction cost cab be reduced. Take the third phase project of the Yangshan Deep-water Port for example, comparative analysis on catenary arched longitudinal beams and conventional longitudinal beams has been made. The result shows that with the same wharf length and width, the same loads and same longitudinal beam moment, catenary arch structure can improve the interval between bents up to 28 m, decrease the number of piles and underwater construction quantity.     

Thermal lenses and internal solitons in Chapala Lake, Mexico

INTRODUCTIONThelargestlakeinMexicoandthirdlargestinLatinAmerica,ChapalaLake(approximately2 0°N) ,is 1 50 0mabovesealevel,measures 75× 2 5km ,hasaveragedepthof6m (maximumdepthcloseto 1 1m)andamountainchainalongitsnorthernandsouthernshores (Fig .1a) .TheLermaRiverflowsintoit;theSantiagoRiverflowsoutofit.Thebeautifullandscape,andwarmclimateconducivetobreezecirculationalongitsshore ;absenceofabrupttemperaturevariations,andthemoderateairhumidityat tractmanytouriststothelake .Manyretirees…     

内孤立波作用下Spar平台的运动响应

建立了内孤立波作用下Spar平台运动响应的时域数值模型,并利用这一模型计算了内孤立波作用下Spar平台的运动响应。其中根据K-dv方程解出内孤立波的波面及水质点速度表达式,应用Morison公式求出内孤立波对Spar平台的水平作用力;由伯努力方程求解压强,通过在平台底面积分求出内孤立波对Spar平台的垂向作用力;在悬链线理论的基础上,分析锚链对平台的作用力,采用四阶Runge-Kutta方法求解运动方程。数值结果表明,当内孤立波不断接近海洋平台时,Spar平台受到的作用力随之增大,海洋平台会产生远大于表面波作用下的水平位移,从而证实了内孤立波是影响海洋平台稳定的重要因素,在海洋平台的设计和评估中内孤立波的作用是不可忽略的。     

海蜇养殖群体及自然捕获群体ITS 序列遗传分析

为调查海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)自然海区群体和养殖群体遗传多样性,对烟台莱州湾和江苏海州湾自然海区捕获群体及威海养殖群体24个个体的ITS序列进行了PCR扩增和序列分析,获得DNA片段长度在1 080~1 096 bp之间,包括完整的ITS1,5.8S和完整ITS2序列。结果表明,在所测碱基序列中共发现26个变异位点,4处多碱基插入位置,29个插入缺失位点。群体内平均核苷酸差异数K和平均核苷酸多样性指数Pi为2.179~2.750和0.002 02~0.002 54,群体间平均核苷酸差异数K值波动在2.797~3.031之间,遗传距离在0.002 30~0.002 81之间,遗传分化指数(Fst)值在0.032 50~0.730 8之间,群体内及群体间遗传多样性指标数值比较相近,群体间的遗传距离比较小,群体遗传结构相似,群体间没有明显的遗传分化。     

热带风暴天鹰期间南海西北部海域内部响应的观测分析

2005年7月28日热带风暴天鹰(Washi)在南海东沙群岛西南海域生成,并向西北偏西推进,在7月29日增强为一个热带风暴,于7月30日在海南岛登陆。布放在南海西北部大陆架海域的锚系测站记录了天鹰过境期间温度和海流的响应过程。分析结果表明,伴随着热带风暴的强风应力引起强烈的垂向混合作用,使海表面温度下降2℃,混合层加深20 m,并且8 m以下各水层也都有明显的降温过程,但降温幅度低于8 m层,降温开始的时间也随着深度的增加而延后。台风过后,观测海域的近惯性内波显著,其频率为8.1×10?6 Hz,略高于当地的惯性振荡频率(7.75×10?6 Hz)。滤波后的海流数据分析显示,近惯性波动是从海面向深海处传播的,其影响大约持续了10 d。本研究丰富了南海在台风期间响应过程的认识,可为近海海洋工程设计提供科学依据。