白榆、新疆杨液流动态比较研究

运用Granier热扩散式探针(TDP)法对宁夏河东沙地主要乔木树种白榆（Ulmus pumila）和新疆杨（Populus alba）夏初边材液流变化规律进行连续观测。利用自动气象站对周围气象因子如太阳辐射（Rs）、空气温度（Ta）、空气相对湿度（RH）和风速（Ws）进行同步观测,并对气象因子与白榆、新疆杨边材液流通量(Fs)的相关性进行分析。结果表明：①白榆、新疆杨边材液流速率（Vs）变化规律存在显著差异,白榆Vs主体表现为窄小双峰型,新疆杨Vs主体表现为宽峰波动型;白榆日间液流启动时间较新疆杨提前0.0~0.8 h,峰值出现时间推迟0.0~2.0 h,峰值持续时间较新疆杨缩短2.5~6.7 h,液流消退时间提前0.0~2.5 h。②白榆边材液流通量(Fs)仅为0.50 kg·h-1,而新疆杨高达1.25 kg·h-1,为白榆的2.5倍;白榆日耗水量（W）在8.81~17.73 kg·d-1之间,而新疆杨W在22.82~34.06 kg·d-1之间。③白榆、新疆杨在夜间保持一定的液流量以补充白天所耗水分,夜间水分补充量对各自日耗水量的贡献相近,为8%左右。④白榆、新疆杨Fs与气象因子关系密切,但气象因子的作用过程表现复杂。复相关分析表明：白榆、新疆杨Fs与Rs、Ta、Ws之间呈极显著正相关,与相对湿度RH呈极显著负相关,按相关程度排序为：Rs>RH>Ta>Ws。     

电子探针分析技术进展及面临的挑战

电子探针是研究地球与行星物质组成最基础的微束分析技术。近年来,固体地球科学和行星科学的不断发展,促使电子探针分析技术取得了一系列进展:矿物微量元素分析、稀土矿物测试方法完善、副矿物定年、富Fe矿物/熔体Fe~(3+)含量测定、场发射电子探针及软X射线分析谱仪的开发及应用等。同时,电子探针分析技术也面临着诸多挑战:微量元素测试在降低检测限的同时,还需要提高分析的准确度和精确度;降低二次荧光效应的影响;场发射电子探针在低电压下需要建立全新的分析条件和校正方式。基于这些挑战,电子探针未来在微量元素监测标样开发、二次荧光效应校正、场发射电子探针及软X射线分析谱仪应用、波谱仪完善和微区多种分析技术集成等方面具有发展潜力,以便为地学样品的研究提供更丰富、更准确的微米尺度成分信息。     

地质调查智能空间框架构建与实践

正通过构建以信息空间和物理空间相融合的地质调查智能空间,为构建以"需求+数据+知识+智能驱动"为一体的数据管理、数据处理、数据服务等地质调查工作环境,提供空间数据自适应感知、非结构化数据挖掘服务、地质知识的流程化和智能化应用等,探索地质调查智能空间工作模式,取得有效应用效果。     

祁漫塔格成矿带磁铁矿Fe2+/Fe3+比值测定方法对比研究

为了厘清磁铁矿成分测试过程中Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺比值分析各种方法的准确性及适用范围;采用直接测氧法、Lβ/Lα强度比值法、电价差值法、剩余氧法和穆斯堡尔谱法,对祁漫塔格成矿带中典型矿床中磁铁矿的Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺比值进行了研究,结果表明电价差值法、剩余氧法和穆斯堡尔谱法是相对比较准确的测试方法,但穆斯堡尔谱法不是原位分析方法,存在适用范围的缺陷。     

Overcoming Challenges Associated with the Analysis of Nacre by Atom Probe Tomography

In this study atom probe tomography was used to study nacre, an important biocomposite material that is challenging to prepare and analyse by atom probe and, when successful, yields data that is challenging to interpret. It was found that these challenges mainly arise from the insulating and heterogeneous nano‐scale properties of nacre. We outline our current best practice for preparing and running atom probe tips, such as using a low acceleration voltage (< 3 kV) and current (≤ 50 pA) to avoid damage to the microstructure, and using transmission electron microscopy to confirm that the region of interest is located close to the apex of the atom probe tip. Optimisation of the preparation parameters led to several successful atom probe experiments, with one of the data sets containing part of an organic membrane and others showing organic inclusions within the reconstruction.     

New Olivine Reference Material for In Situ Microanalysis

A new olivine reference material – MongOL Sh11‐2 – for in situ analysis has been prepared from the central portion of a large (20 × 20 × 10 cm) mantle peridotite xenolith from a ~ 0.5 My old basaltic breccia at Shavaryn‐Tsaram, Tariat region, central Mongolia. The xenolith is a fertile mantle lherzolite with minimal signs of alteration. Approximately 10 g of 0.5–2 mm gem quality olivine fragments were separated under binocular microscope and analysed by EPMA, LA‐ICP‐MS, SIMS and bulk analytical methods (ID‐ICP‐MS for Mg and Fe, XRF, ICP‐MS) for major, minor and trace elements at six institutions world‐wide. The results show that the olivine fragments are sufficiently homogeneous with respect to major (Mg, Fe, Si), minor and trace elements. Significant inhomogeneity was revealed only for phosphorus (homogeneity index of 12.4), whereas Li, Na, Al, Sc, Ti and Cr show minor inhomogeneity (homogeneity index of 1–2). The presence of some mineral and fluid‐melt micro‐inclusions may be responsible for the inconsistency in mass fractions obtained by in situ and bulk analytical methods for Al, Cu, Sr, Zr, Ga, Dy and Ho. Here we report reference and information values for twenty‐seven major, minor and trace elements.     

高分辨率非线性三维整体反演研究(英文)

高分辨率非线性三维整体反演方法是基于非线性理论,在层位控制下,将工区多井(或全部井)的测井数据与井旁地震道数据输入具有多输入多输出的网络,同时进行整体训练,可获得整个工区的自适应权函数,并建立综合非线性映射关系,并根据储层在纵横方向上的地质变化特征更新这种非线性映射关系,这样,就能对反演过程及其反演结果起到约束和控制的作用,从而获得稳定且分辨率高的地震反演剖面(速度反演剖面/波阻抗反演剖面/密度反演剖面),实现整体反演,该方法通过模型试算和实际资料处理,获得较好的地质效果,证明该方法精度高、实用性强,可用于储层的定量分析。     

广域土地卫片执法检查系统的设计与实现

采用先进的技术和创新的模式,设计了土地卫片执法检查系统。在了解卫片执法检查现状的基础上,结合卫片执法检查工作的新形势、新政策,介绍了系统的关键技术,提出了系统的卫片执法业务逻辑设计,对系统的管理、填报、展示、统计、汇总、调查、取证等主要功能及组成进行了设计与实现,创新了图斑精细划分、智能比对分析和快速主动核查的卫片执法检查模式,提升了卫片执法检查工作的效率和核查精度。     

智能公交信息采集系统的设计与实现

随着社会步入信息共建共享的时代,如何充分利用社会资源更好地为公众提供服务成为政府部门一直思考的问题。本文基于社会关注的“公交服务”热点,在总结分析传统公交信息采集方式的基础上,介绍了智能公交信息采集系统的建设方案,阐述了系统实现的关键技术,并分析了系统的应用实效和后续推广价值。     

Intelligent control for modelling of real‐time reservoir operation

This paper presents a new approach to improving real‐time reservoir operation. The approach combines two major procedures: the genetic algorithm (GA) and the adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The GA is used to search the optimal reservoir operating histogram based on a given inflow series, which can be recognized as the base of input–output training patterns in the next step. The ANFIS is then built to create the fuzzy inference system, to construct the suitable structure and parameters, and to estimate the optimal water release according to the reservoir depth and inflow situation. The practicability and effectiveness of the approach proposed is tested on the operation of the Shihmen reservoir in Taiwan. The current M‐5 operating rule curves of the Shihmen reservoir are also evaluated. The simulation results demonstrate that this new approach, in comparison with the M‐5 rule curves, has superior performance with regard to the prediction of total water deficit and generalized shortage index (GSI). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.