Gelifluction within a solifluction lobe in the Kärkevagge valley, Swedish Lapland

Soil displacement, soil temperature, depths of thaw plane and groundwater level were continuously monitored during the period from July 1999 to June 2000 within a solifluction lobe in the Kärkevagge valley, northern Sweden. The strain–probe method was used to measure soil displacement, and we found significant soil displacements in the thawing period 2000. These displacements were the result of gelifluction. The ice content profile showed that gelifluction occurred at the same time as the thaw plane reached the layers with high ice content at shallow soil depths (0–6 and 16–25 cm deep). In contrast, gelifluction did not occur when the thaw plane reached the layers with high ice content at greater depth (46–49 cm deep). These observations indicate that thawing of ice lenses in the near–surface layer triggers gelifluction.     

Detailed geomorphological survey of a small mountain drainage area, Abisko, northern Swedish Lapland

A thorough geomorphological survey of a small (2km²) drainage area has been conducted using digital magnification of aerial photographs in conjunction with field visits. The result presented is a geomorphological map where individual geomorphological features down to metre size can be identified. The study was done in connection with a project focusing on the relationship between geomorphological processes and lacustrine sedimentation. Good knowledge of the geomorphological setting and the related process activity in the catchment is important in studies using lacustrine sediments as environmental archives.
The survey reveals a small–scale geomorphology dominated by a number of different periglacial upfreezing forms together with bedrock–controlled slope processes. Three different geographically separated geomorphological assemblages were recognised with few sediment transportation pathways connecting them. Composition of substrate, soil water content and vegetation cover combined with different slope angles are probably the most important factors controlling the distribution of the geomorphological features.     

智能交通系统中的公交车辆指挥调度体系结构

该文阐述公交智能指挥调度系统总体框架，结合智能交通系统ITS(Intelligent Transport Systems)对公交智能化调度的逻辑结构和物理结构要求，分析公交车辆智能化调度系统结构体系及其模型化，探讨智能调度策略和调度机理。根据该系统总体设计框架构思，了解系统各功能间的相互关系，优化公交车辆运营管理模式，以改善现有公交系统的管理水平以及运营效率，为公交指挥调度系统的完善、提高提供可靠技术基础。     

探测冰盖和多年冻土层的融冰探头研发

The exploration of ice sheets by melting vertical holes into the ground has some tradition in terrestrial glaciology. Such probes have been used since the 1960's to investigate the vertical structure of the ice in Greenland and Antarctica and in alpine glaciers. In this paper we look into the possibility to develop similar devices for use on extraterrestrial icy bodies, like e.g. the polar areas on Mars or the icy satellites of the outer solar system. We report on some basic experiments performed in the cryo-vacuum laboratory of the Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz. In these experiments the penetration of a simple melting probe into compact and porous water ice (with a snow-like texture) was monitored, both under vacuum conditions and under air pressure. The observed penetration speeds for a given power supply are compared with a simple mathematical model. We conclude that a miniature melting probe with small overall dimensions and a reasonable power demand could well be part of the payload of a future planetary mission, for example to the poles of Mars. Such missions are currently under discussion in several space agencies. Moreover such probes could also e? ectively be used in terrestrial environments. A possible design is presented at the end of the paper.     

水流模拟智能化问题的探讨

对水流模拟的发展历史进行了总结,指出阻碍水流模拟发展的主要问题,提出克服这些瓶颈问题的方法是将智能科学与水利科学交叉融合,实现水流的智能模拟。据此,介绍了水流智能模型理论,结合遗传算法、模糊逻辑、元胞自动机、混沌分析理论、人工神经网络、专家系统、数据挖掘等智能理论和技术,对水流智能模拟的实现途径作了探讨,并指出建造一个优秀的水流模拟智能系统的关键是联合运用各种智能方法,认为智能化是当前水流模拟发展的新方向,水流智能模型将是水利科学的一种新的研究途径,并将在研究水流问题上具有广阔的应用前景。     

Slow mass movement in the Kangchenjunga area, eastern Nepal Himalaya

Abstract   The rates of the accumulated and continuous displacement of solifluction lobes in the Kangchenjunga area, eastern Nepal Himalaya, were determined using glass fiber tubes and a strain probe. Ground temperature, precipitation and soil moisture were monitored at two sites, whose altitude differed by approximately 100 m, to understand the solifluction process. The average movement rate of the glass fiber tubes on a 31° slope at altitudes of 5412–5414 m a.s.l. was approximately 11 mm/year, being almost threefold greater than that observed on a 22° slope at 5322–5325 ma.s.l. There was no significant difference in the depth of displacement at these sites. The continuous displacement measurement near the ground surface at 5414 m showed permanent downslope movement from early July. Such movement may be attributed to additional moisture supply during the monsoon season. The amplitude of the displacement cycle was highest at the ground surface, and decreased to virtually zero at and below 20 cm in depth. Probable factors leading to the relatively slow rates of downslope displacement at the surface and depth at the studied altitudes are the lack of concurrence of the freeze–thaw cycles and the high moisture condition in the soil, and the low moisture retention capacity of the soil because of steep slopes and superficial desiccation. The rate of displacement may be more pronounced at altitudes above 5600 m because of the freeze–thaw cycles during the summer season.     

基于数据智能可视化分析的滑坡信息化施工研究

采用信息化施工技术进行大型滑坡整治,既安全又经济。笔者探讨了基于大量监测数据处理为核心的信息化施工技术。采用数据可视化技术对大型滑坡巨大数据进行分析处理,确定了滑动面位置、滑动方向和对滑坡进行危险性分区。将支持向量机方法用于预测滑坡变形。将智能和可视化分析结果用于滑坡动态优化设计中,并用一个实际工程实例论述了方法的思路。     

皖南花山锑金矿床硫化物电子探针分析及其指示意义

花山锑金矿床位于皖南东至县境内, 是皖南地区代表性金-多金属矿床之一。 本次工作对花山锑金矿床开展了野外地质、岩相学特征观察以及金属硫化物电子探针分析, 得到以下结论：1） 花山锑金矿床主要成矿阶段可分为毒砂-黄铁矿（PyⅠ）阶段、黄铜矿-黄铁矿 （PyⅡ）阶段和方解石-辉锑矿阶段。 2） 金在不同阶段硫化物中均有赋存, 其矿化伴随整个热液成矿过程, 且以毒砂-PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段为主。 毒砂-PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段发育金矿化, 无锑矿化, 方解石-辉锑矿阶段发育锑、金共生矿化。 3） 早阶段即毒砂 -PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段载金矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂及黄铜矿, 成矿物质来源以地层为 主;晚阶段即方解石-辉锑矿阶段载金矿物为辉锑矿, 成矿物质来源以燕山期岩浆岩为主。 本次工作对东至及皖南地区金矿床的寻找勘探具有重要的指示意义。     

一种用于沉积相分析的新型模式识别方法

本文介绍一种用于沉识相分析的新型智能模式识别方法──神经网络模式识别方法。该方法利用关键井研究建立的测井相与地质相的对应关系作为识别模式，通过向识别模式学习获得模式识别智能知识，从而利用这些智能知识识别未知井、未知点的微相类型。本文方法成功地应用于中原油田文留地区沙四段沉积微相的识别与划分。     

四川岔河锡矿区富铟矿石的发现及其找矿意义

铟(In)是一种稀散元素,它极少呈独立矿物出现,而是以其他矿物,例如金属硫化物、金属氧化物等为载体。近年来,随着对铟的年需求量不断上升,铟的市场标价一路走高,今后的上涨空间仍然很大。作者通过岩石矿物学和地球化学研究,初步发现四川岔河锡多金属矿区的铟含量很高,最高可达186.5×10-6,因此,推测此地区有很大的找铟前景。通过对铟与其它成矿元素的相关分析,发现该地区的铟与Zn、Cu、Fe、Cd、Sn、Ga都有明显的正相关性,由此推测铟可能存在于它们的金属硫化物、氧化物和(或)锡的氧化物中,进一步的电子探针工作发现,铟主要赋存于闪锌矿中,闪锌矿中最高含量可达500×10-6。因此,初步推断岔河地区铟有很大的找矿前景,应该考虑在今后的地质找矿工作和采选冶过程中加以综合评价和综合利用。