一种众源车载GPS轨迹大数据自适应滤选方法

基于同步高低精度GPS轨迹数据的空间特征和GPS误差分布原理,提出了一种众源GPS车载轨迹大数据自适应分割-滤选模型。该模型首先通过角度、距离约束将完整的车载GPS轨迹数据进行分割,以轨迹分割段作为基本滤选单元;然后通过对比轨迹分割段内GPS轨迹向量与其参考基线间的相似度,按照相似度与GPS定位精度之间的量化关系指导滤选。试验结果表明,该方法可以实现车载轨迹大数据按信息提取精度需求的滤选。     

载波相位约束整周模糊度在短基线RTK中的应用

针对单历元RTK定位中受到卫星升起、周跳频发等外界条件干扰时,整周模糊度长时间不能固定,严重影响RTK定位实时精度的问题。文中提出一种用载波相位约束整周模糊度的方法来提高模糊度固定率、Ratio值和解算精度,并且结合GPS单系统、GPS/GLONASS双系统两组实测数据进行未加入和加入载波相位约束整周模糊度的比较实验。结果表明该方法可行。     

大范围CORS网的GNSS实时定位算法研究

为了提高长距离大范围基准站的定位精度,该文提出长距离网络RTK流动站整周模糊度的解算方法:解算卫星的双差宽巷整周模糊度,得到准确度更高的流动站初始坐标;进行最小二乘参数估计;然后将流动站整周模糊度全部准确地确定出来。最后使用CORS网实测数据进行实验,结果表明流动站用户能够得到厘米级定位结果,证明了该算法具有很好的可用性。     

Rehabilitation and replacement of water distribution system components considering uncertainties

This paper presents the mathematical development of an integer — nonlinear programming chance — constrained optimization model for the minimum cost rehabilitation/replacement of water distribution system components. Particular attention is given to the handling of uncertainties in the roughness factors and the loading conditions including both the random demand and preassure head requirements.The advantages of the proposed model include the ability to: 1) handle the optimal timing of rehabilitation/replacement for water distribution system components; 2) link a mixed-integer linear program solver, a nonlinear program solver, and a hydraulic simulator into an optimization framework; 3) handle the uncertainties of some of the variables; 4) incorporate various kinds of cost functions; and 5) handle multiple loading conditions.     

Rehabilitation and replacement of water distribution system components considering uncertainties

This paper presents the mathematical development of an integer — nonlinear programming chance — constrained optimization model for the minimum cost rehabilitation/replacement of water distribution system components. Particular attention is given to the handling of uncertainties in the roughness factors and the loading conditions including both the random demand and preassure head requirements.The advantages of the proposed model include the ability to: 1) handle the optimal timing of rehabilitation/replacement for water distribution system components; 2) link a mixed-integer linear program solver, a nonlinear program solver, and a hydraulic simulator into an optimization framework; 3) handle the uncertainties of some of the variables; 4) incorporate various kinds of cost functions; and 5) handle multiple loading conditions.     

元素性质和熔体成分对分配系数的影响及其意义

对现有40个元素的熔体-溶液分配系数的综合分析表明,元素性质和熔体成分是控制熔体-溶液间元素分配的重要因素。挥发组分的分配系数为K_F、K_P、>1>K_B、K_S>K_(Cl)。自Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、→Fe、Mn、Mg、Li、Rb、Cs、K、Na、Ca、Sr、Ba→Sn、Mo、W、Si、Al、∑Ce、∑Y、Nb、Ta,随元素氧化物吉布斯自由能的减小,元素分配系数逐渐增大。随熔体酸度的降低和碱度的增高,元素分配系数普遍增大。随熔体铝过饱和度的增高,Nb、Ta、Zn、REE的分配系数减小。这些变化规律有助于阐明花岗岩类的成矿专属性和成矿分带,评价火成岩的含矿性,预测未知的元素分配系数,并讨论不同熔体间元素的分配行为。     

冕宁稀土矿床稀土元素的赋存状态及其配分特征

冕宁稀土矿是我国西南地区的大型轻稀土矿床。它不仅含有丰富的轻稀土,而且铕、钇等中重稀土较国内外同类型矿床高。该矿的特点是工业稀土矿物组成简单,矿石易选、易冶。矿石中90％左右的REO呈稀土矿物产出,其中氟碳铈矿占稀土矿物总量的80％—97％。矿石和主要稀土矿物的REF配分均属Ce>La>Nd富LREE的强选择配分型。矿石中轻稀土配分值高达97.48％—98.81％。矿石中Eu、Y配分值较高,而氟碳铈矿反而比矿石低。矿石中的黑色风化土状物富含次生稀土,其Eu、Y配分值比矿石、氟碳铈矿都高。     

Size matters: experimental partitioning of the strength of fish herbivory on a fringing coral reef in Moorea,French Polynesia

While the importance of top‐down control by grazers in maintaining tropical reef community structure is well known, the effect of ‘fishing down the food web’, which simultaneously changes the abundance and size of herbivorous fishes, has received less attention. As many fishing practices target the biggest fish and regulations often set minimum size limits, understanding size‐dependency of this controlling force is important. We evaluated the hypothesis that reduction in the abundance and size of fish, regardless of species identity, reduces the role of herbivory in controlling algal abundance on reefs and assessed variation in efficacy of this top‐down control on different types of common macroalgae. We quantified herbivory rates within cages of differing opening sizes on assemblages of four common algal species (Padina boryana, Dictyota bartayresiana, Halimeda opuntia and Galaxaura fasciculata) on two fringing reefs in Moorea, French Polynesia. Small acanthurids (<15 cm length) were the dominant herbivorous fish while other herbivorous fish were rare. For the two most palatable algae, the majority of herbivory occurred in open plots, with herbivory reduced by >50% in the largest opening cages (6 × 6 cm) where the maximum size fish entering was 12 cm in length (mean = 7.6, SE = 0.4). Fish entering medium (4.5 × 4.5 cm openings, maximum fish length = 8 cm, mean = 6.3, SE = 0.4) and small (3 × 3 cm openings, no fish observed entering) cages had herbivory rates approximately equal to the control treatment (1 × 1 cm openings). Consumption varied among algal species, with minimal consumption of physically and chemically defended algae and no pattern across treatments. Our results demonstrate a need for management plans to not only maintain the overall abundance of herbivorous fish but to protect the largest sizes for effective top‐down control of algal communities.     

CONVECTIVE-STRATIFORM RAINFALL PARTITION BY RADIANCE-DERIVED CLOUD CONTENT: A MODELING STUDY

A new scheme that separates convective-stratiform rainfall is developed using threshold values of liquid water path (LWP) and ice water path (IWP). These cloud contents can be predicted with radiances at the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) channels (23.8, 31.4, 89, and 150 GHz) through linear regression models. The scheme is demonstrated by an analysis of a two-dimensional cloud resolving model simulation that is imposed by a forcing derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). The rainfall is considered convective if associated LWP is larger than 1.91 mm or IWP is larger than 1.70 mm. Otherwise, the rainfall is stratiform. The analysis of surface rainfall budget demonstrates that this new scheme is physically meaningful.     

整数群上一类和超差集合的构造

考虑了整数群子集自身和及自身差势的问题，基于对前人给出的几类整数群上超差集合构造的研究，通过对典型有限和超差集合A。的有限分解，即A1={0，2}U{3，7，11，…，4k-1}U{4k，4k＋2}U{4}，其中k是不小于3的正整数，证明给出了整数群上一类无限的和超差集合的构造，使集合的势从有限上升为无限，拓展了前人的理论成果。