How chalcophile is rhenium? An experimental study of the solubility of Re in sulphide mattes

Although the Re/Os isotopic system has proved to be a valuable aid in understanding the evolution of the Earth's mantle, interpretation of the data is currently hindered by limited knowledge of the high-temperature geochemical behaviour of Re. In particular, the extent to which Re in the mantle is hosted by sulphide or silicate phases is poorly known. We report the results of an experimental study of the solubility of Re in sulphide melts (called here “mattes”) coexisting with a Re-rich Re–Fe alloy in the system Fe–Re–S–O over a range of fO₂, fS₂ and temperatures, which allow extrapolation to conditions pertinent to the Earth's mantle. The solubility of Re in mattes increases with increasing fS₂, with Re dissolving as Re⁴⁺ at high fS₂ and Re⁰ at low fS₂. The effect of fO₂ is negligible except at high fO₂ where O in the matte becomes important. At constant fS₂, an increase in temperature leads to an increase in the solubility of Re⁰ in the matte, but a decrease in the solubility of Re⁴⁺. These results, coupled with data for the Re solubility in silicate melts taken from the literature, allow the calculation of Re matte/silicate–melt partition coefficients (D_Re^matte/sil) for a range of conditions. The calculated D_Re^matte/sil show a large dependence on fO₂, and a lesser dependency on fS₂, with Re behaving as a chalcophile element for relatively reduced MORB-type mantle and as a lithophile element for the oxidised sources of island-arc basalts. The sensitivity of Re to fS₂ and fO₂ reconciles the apparent discrepancies between previous estimates of this parameter, which can vary by more than five orders of magnitude within the range of fS₂ and fO₂ covered by terrestrial basaltic magmas.     

基于局部方差的安全玻璃碎片自动检测算法

针对安全玻璃质量检验中碎片状态试验结果的判定问题,在分析了自然光线下获取的安全玻璃碎片图像特点后,提出了一种安全玻璃碎片自动检测与识别算法。首先,用基于局部方差的直方图均衡化算法进行目标增强;然后,用固定阈值进行图像分割,对缝隙线和碎片内部的噪声分别去除;最后用分水岭变换进行碎片识别。该算法能够准确刻画碎片的缝隙线,得到碎片的块数,并能够为安全玻璃碎片状态试验结果判定提供依据。     

GPS姿态测量中模糊度的快速解算

针对GPS姿态测量对模糊度的解算要求准确快速的特点,首先,从减少运算量入手,通过减少运算量,提高解算速度;其次,并根据姿态测量基线长度已知这一特点,来提高模糊度固定的准确度。基于上述两点提出了一种新的模糊度快速解算方法。     

网络RTK参考站间模糊度动态解算的卡尔曼滤波算法研究

提出一种适用于参考站网络的站间模糊度解算方法,该方法使用CA码与相位的电离层无关组合解算宽巷模糊度,利用多路径效应的周期性削弱CA码多路径效应。在宽巷模糊度得到固定后,利用卡尔曼滤波对L1模糊度进行估计,并使用模糊度失相关搜索算法,动态地确定模糊度。这种方法已经应用在自主开发的网络RTK软件上,并以四川GPS综合服务网络SIGN(Sichuan Integrated GPS Network)作为试验网络,进行了试验和分析。     

滇西陇川营盘山离子吸附型稀土矿稀土元素分布特征

滇西陇川地区广泛分布着白垩纪至古近纪中酸性花岗岩,以邦棍尖山为代表的岩体花岗岩稀土含量较高,经复杂的风化淋滤作用,岩体中的稀土元素在风化壳中迁移、富集成矿,陇川营盘山稀土矿即为近年新发现的该类型矿产地之一。为研究新发现的营盘山稀土矿稀土元素分布特征、富集规律及稀土配分特征,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分析成矿母岩及其风化壳不同风化程度样品稀土分量,结果表明:风化壳各层位稀土元素分布特征相比母岩具有明显的继承性,随风化程度升高,轻重稀土分馏程度升高,轻稀土在全风化层上部相对富集,且随风化程度升高轻稀土富集程度升高,而重稀土的富集程度则逐渐减弱,Gd是风化壳富集能力最强的元素,Dy富集能力最弱,Ce富集在近地表,重稀土具有更强的向下迁移能力。同时,研究发现该稀土矿床的稀土配分特征为低钇、铕,富镧、铈、钕。     

The controls of geomorphology and sediment supply on sequence stratigraphic architecture and sediment partitioning of the lacustrine rift basin in the Es3 of Liuzan area,Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

An important hydrocarbon reservoir is hosted by the third member of the Shahejie Formation (Es₃) in the Liuzan area, Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China. The Es₃ can be divided into five third-order sequences (from base to top: Sq1, Sq2, Sq3, Sq4 and Sq5). Utilising well logs, cores and high-resolution 3-D seismic data, this study investigates the development characteristics and styles of sediment transport pathways in the steep-slope zone of the lacustrine rift basin. Two styles of sediment transport pathway are identified in the study area, including the faulted trough and fault slope-break zone. The faulted trough is divided into a single faulted trough, synthetic faulted trough and antithetic faulted trough. The fault slope-break zone is composed of synthetic fault slope-break zone and antithetic fault slope-break zone. The fan-delta plain and fan-delta front are recognised in the study area. The different styles of delivery conduits control depositional facies types and the spatial and temporal evolution of fan-delta depositional systems from Sq3 to Sq5. Based on paleo-geomorphological reconstruction, the dispersal pattern of the steep-slope zone system divided into a northern steep-slope system and an eastern steep-slope system is established. In Sq3, the northern steep-slope system develops large-scale mixed sandy–muddy fan-delta deposits derived from the NW. The eastern steep-slope system feeds the medium-scale gravel-rich fan-delta sediments. In Sq4, the large-scale mixed sandy–muddy fan-delta deposits develop from the NNE direction in the northern steep-slope system. The small-scale sand-rich fan-delta sediments are transported from the eastern steep-slope system. In Sq5, the large-scale mixed sand–mud fan-delta deposits are fed by both the northern steep-slope system and eastern steep-slope system. The strata stacking pattern exhibits a seesaw mode in the study area. Based on the analysis of the channel-belt thickness and the fan-scales, the paleogeomorphology of the drainage area in Sq3 and Sq4 and sediment supply in Sq5 alternatively control the sequence stratigraphic architecture and sediment partitioning in the sink area. The model proposed in this study may aid in the prediction of favourable reservoirs and good source–reservoir–seal development in lacustrine rift basin.     

高分子量烃油气化探方法的模拟实验研究——以黄海沉积物为例

传统上认为大分子烃类很难通过微渗漏方式逸散到地表,但已有研究表明高分子量烃类也可以逸散到现代沉积物中。本文基于黄海现代沉积物与典型原油地球化学特征的不同,将二者进行正交配比,系统研究不同配比产物的组成特征。结果表明:随着配比实验中原油比例的增大,正构烷烃和部分芳烃的色谱指纹呈现规律性变化,其正构烷烃奇偶优势逐渐消失,烷基芳烃丰度随之增加;三环萜烷、藿烷、规则甾烷等化合物的绝对浓度,以及二苯并噻吩/菲等的比值也呈现规律性变化,其中三环帖烷、C_(24)四环萜烷/C_(26)三环萜烷和三环萜烷/藿烷三者的变化明显且平稳,其数值范围均在0~3.0,适合用于渗逸图版。将研究区采集的未知样品与配比产物的组成特征进行对比,在排除外源污染的情况下可定性判识该研究区是否存在地下油气藏;将样品的相关参数投到图版上,有望进一步定量判识样品中渗入原油的比例。该方法可以作为常规油气化探的补充,在油气藏评价方面提供诸多信息,甚至在环境污染监控等领域有望获得推广。     

基于地形匹配的InSAR地形变化检测方法研究

针对目前我国InSAR系统中定位定姿设备精度不高的现状,提出了一种基于地形匹配的地形变化检测方法。该方法是InSAR数据应用于地形变化检测的一种新途径,能够在InSAR系统直接定位精度不高的情况下,提高地形变化检测数据处理的自动化程度。     

一种基于扫描线填充算法的分块影像旋转的实现方法

针对分块影像旋转时的效率问题,提出了一种基于扫描线填充算法的实现方法,详细说明了实现步骤,并举例进行了验证。     

基于无人机高光谱影像波段选择的薇甘菊分类

薇甘菊是危害最严重的外来入侵物种之一,其生长与传播极其迅速,对我国森林生态系统造成了严重破坏,相关管理部门需要一个有效的薇甘菊监测手段。传统人工调查方式需要投入大量的人力物力,成本高昂、效率低下;近年来快速发展的高光谱遥感技术为薇甘菊的监测提供了新思路。本文以无人机搭载的Nano-Hyperspec高光谱仪获取的广东省增城林场遥感影像数据为基础,对高光谱数据进行几何校正、影像降噪处理、辐射定标及坏带波段剔除等影像预处理;运用最佳指数因子法（OIF）、自适应波段法（ABS）、自动子空间划分（ASP）与自适应波段相结合的波段选择法（ASP+ABS）3种方法进行波段选择,获取信息量较大且波段间相关性较低的特征波段组成薇甘菊分类最佳波段组合,生成3幅遥感影像;最后采用支持向量机方法（SVM）对生成的3幅不同遥感影像进行分类,以分类结果的精度评价3种波段组合对薇甘菊高光谱特征的响应程度,选出更能反映薇甘菊的光谱特征的波段组合。试验结果表明,针对Nano-Hyperspec遥感影像数据,使用OIF波段选择法,研究区内薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别为74.62%、66.52%;使用ABS波段选择法,研究区内薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别为74.37%、67.43%;使用ASP+ABS波段选择法,研究区内薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别达到95.98%、92.98%,分类精度最佳,相较OIF法中薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别提高了21.35%、26.46%,相较ABS法中薇甘菊的制图精度和用户精度分别提高了17.15%、19.3%。可见,本文使用的子空间划分与自适应波段相结合的波段选择方法相较其他两种波段选择方法能更好地反映薇甘菊的光谱特征,可为薇甘菊监测提供有效的技术手段。