三种GNSS模糊度解算方法成功率比较

介绍了在航模糊度求解的模型。在航模型每个历元均需要多估计一组坐标矢量,因而降低模糊度求解的精度。用取整法、引导取整法和整数最小二乘法三种模糊度固定方法,比较了在静态模型和在航模型下整周模糊度求解的成功率和需要的初始化时间,为动态平台的糊度解算提供参考。     

Real time hybrid simulation: from dynamic system,motion control to experimental error

Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) has increasingly been recognized as a powerful methodology to evaluate structural components and systems under realistic operating conditions. It is a cost effective approach compared with large scale shake table testing. Furthermore, it can maximally preserve rate dependency and nonlinear characteristics of physically tested (non)structural components. Although conceptually very attractive, challenges do exist that require comprehensive validation before RTHS should be employed to assess complicated physical phenomena. One of the most important issues that governs the stability and accuracy of an RTHS is the ability to achieve synchronization of boundary conditions between the computational and physical substructures. The objective of this study is to propose and validate an H_∞ loop shaping design for actuator motion control in RTHS. Controller performance is evaluated in the laboratory using a worst‐case substructure proportioning scheme. A modular, one‐bay, one‐story steel moment resisting frame specimen is tested experimentally. Its deformation is kept within the linear range for ready comparison with the reference closed‐form solution. Both system analysis and experimental results show that the proposed H_∞ strategy can significantly improve both the stability limit and test accuracy compared with several existing strategies. Another key feature of the proposed strategy is its robust performance in terms of unmodeled dynamics and uncertainties, which inevitably exist in any physical system. This feature is essential to enhance test quality for specimens with nonlinear dynamic behavior, thus ensuring the validity of the proposed approach for more complex RTHS implementations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Damper placement optimization in a shear building model with discrete design variables: a mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming approach

Supplemental damping is known as an efficient and practical means to improve seismic response of building structures. Presented in this paper is a mixed‐integer programming approach to find the optimal placement of supplemental dampers in a given shear building model. The damping coefficients of dampers are treated as discrete design variables. It is shown that a minimization problem of the sum of the transfer function amplitudes of the interstory drifts can be formulated as a mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming problem. The global optimal solution of the optimization problem is then found by using a solver based on a branch‐and‐cut algorithm. Two numerical examples in literature are solved with discrete design variables. In one of these examples, the proposed method finds a better solution than an existing method in literature developed for the continuous optimal damper placement problem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

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利用脆性岩石含量指数预测裂隙型含水层富水区

裂隙型含水层因其裂隙连通性较差,常规的矿井涌水量预计方法有时不适用。利用脆性岩石含量指数划分强、弱富水区不失为一种新的方法。一定厚度的地层内脆性岩石所占的比例越大,则受力后越容易产生张性裂隙,充水空间较发育,相应地其富水性也越强。本文将脆性岩石厚度占地层总厚度的百分比定义为脆性岩石含量指数,通过脆性岩石含量指数划分砂岩裂隙型含水层富水区。脆性岩石含量指数法不仅能进行富水性定性分区,结合已采区涌水量资料也可尝试进行未开采区涌水量预计,这为矿井防治水工作以及防排水系统的设计提供了一种新的技术支持。      

基于单元劈裂法的岩体黏结型结构面数值模拟

节理岩体中富含结构面等不连续体,其中很多结构面之间具有一定黏结强度,在冲击荷载作用下会发生脱结（debond）行为,从而消耗岩体应变能。在该结构面之间的黏结性质在很大程度上决定着岩体的破坏行为,发生脱结后,结构面之间不再具有黏结强度,岩体的力学性能发生弱化。为了对该类结构面进行模拟,在改进的Xu-Needleman势函数基础上推导出结构面单元,并将其嵌入到单元劈裂法中,模拟结构面的开裂过程,当结构面完全脱结后结构面单元就转化为一般节理单元。相应地,在数值实现过程中只是将结构面单元替换为一般节理单元即可。该结构面单元与单元劈裂法相结合,能够有效地模拟节理岩体的破坏过程。     

风浪和涌浪分离方法的比较（英文）

海浪通常以风浪和涌浪混合的形式存在,如何进行分离风浪和涌浪一直是海浪理论研究和海洋工程应用中的重要问题。本文利用模型试验和实测资料,对目前提出的一种二维谱风涌浪分离方法（2D法）和三种一维谱风涌浪分离方法（PM法、WH法、JP法）进行了检验,分析发现：2D法给出的结果整体而言最为可靠,与2D法相比,PM法明显高估了风浪成分,WH法低风速时高估了风浪,高风速时跟2D法比较接近,而JP法在整体上高估了风浪成分。通过调整分割频率的比例系数,改进了PM法,改进后的PM法给出的分离结果与2D法最为一致。     

县市级义务教育学校区位配置优化设计与实验

 合理规划学校布局是实现义务教育均衡发展和落实就近入学政策的一个重要途径。为满足县市级中小学校空间布局规划需求,本文以区位配置优化方法解决学校区位选址问题。以平均入学距离为目标,以学校总数、学校学额为约束条件,分别构建P中值指派规划和整型规划数学模型。根据学校与居民地之间的空间分布特征进行模型简化,使模型计算效率大幅度提升。因指派规划模型约束矩阵每列非零元素不超过2个,分枝切割算法能获得近似最优解(与最优目标之差小于0.01%);整型规划模型约束矩阵近似于完全单位模矩阵,分枝切割算法通常能获得最优解。在ArcGIS 10 Geoprocessing框架中,整合ArcGIS网络分析、Coin-or Python线性规划建模工具PuLP 1.4.7和线性规划软件Cplex 12,实现模型建模、模型解算和优化结果可视化。在配置Intel 酷睿2双核2.44GHz CPU和2GB内存的计算机环境中,对于有1276个居民点和50所学校的县域进行网络分析、模型建模、模型结算和结果输出。优化结果表明:学校布局调整后学生平均入学距离明显降低,本文构建的优化模型在县市级较大规模的学校选址规划中具有实用价值。     

根系分隔对小麦玉米套作田土壤水分状况的影响

2009年3-10月通过田间试验研究了小麦玉米套作田塑料薄膜隔根（PW/C）、尼龙网隔根（NW/C）、不隔根（W/C）及单作玉米（C）和单作小麦（W）的土壤水分状况。结果表明：以单作小麦、单作玉米加权平均为对照,W/C、NW/C和PW/C处理分别显著提高经济产量33.60 %、26.93%和24.69%,增大耗水量-0.2%、1.02%和6.69%,显著提高水分利用效率34.93%、26.67%和17.80%。W/C处理较NW/C和PW/C处理分别提高经济产量5.25%和7.14%,降低耗水量1.21%和6.64%,提高水分利用效率6.52%和14.54%。小麦玉米共生期,土壤水分在套作群体组分间能够优化分配,根系分隔显著降低了作物群体产量及对土壤水分的利用效率。