多波束测深数据并行滤波算法

针对提高节结合不确定度的水深评估算法执行速度的问题,该文在传统的CUBE滤波算法基础上提出一种适用于多核架构的并行滤波算法。把测深数据滤波分解为构造CUBE网格和估算网格节点水深两个环节,然后针对各环节特点设计对应的并行计算方法。通过两种方法提高滤波速度:一是通过合理的并行策略把计算任务分配到多个处理器核上并行执行;二是引入基于堆结构的排序方法提高数据滤波速度。实验结果表明,所设计算法在四核处理器上运行时,能够将滤波速度提高约2.74倍。     

Morphology of a Pre-collisional, Salt-bearing, Accretionary Complex: The Mediterranean Ridge (Eastern Mediterranean)

The Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a remnant of a deep Mesozoic oceanic basin, now almost totally consumed as a result of long-term plate convergence between Eurasia and Africa. The present-day surface morphology of the Eastern Mediterranean relates both to the early history of formation of the deep basins and the recent geodynamic interactions between interfering microplates. Among the most conspicuous morphologic features of the basin is an arc-shape, elongated and wide, bathymetric swell bisecting the entire basin from the Ionian to Levantine areas, known as the Mediterranean Ridge. During the last decade this tectono-sedimentary accretionary prism, which results from the Hellenic subduction, has been intensively surveyed by swath mapping, multichannel seismic profiling and deep dives. We present here, and briefly discuss, the main morphological characteristics of this feature as derived from swath bathymetric data that considerably help to better assess the lateral and north–south morphostructural variability of the Mediterranean Ridge. This study reveals that the characteristics and morphostructural variability of the Mediterranean Ridge are related to: (1) a specific incipient collision geodynamic setting south of Crete, where the African and Aegean continental margins are nearly in contact, (2) a unique regional kinematics, controlled by frontal convergence south of Crete (central Mediterranean Ridge) and oblique subduction with opposite sense of shear for the western (Ionian) and eastern (Levantine) domains of the Mediterranean Ridge, that explain the lateral variations of deformation and (3) particularities of its sedimentary cover, which includes massive salt layers within the outer Mediterranean Ridge and local salt deposits within the inner domains, that control the north–south morphostructural variability of the sedimentary wedge.     

Processing and analysis of Simrad multibeam sonar data

The common approach to analysing data collected with multibeam and sidescan sonars is to visually interpret charts of contoured bathymetry and mosaics of seabed images. However, some of the information content is lost by processing the data into charts because this involves some averaging; the analysis might uncover more information if done on the data at an earlier stage in the processing. Motivated by this potential, I have created a software system which can be used to analyse data collected with Simrad EM1000 (shallow water) and EM12 (deep water) multibeam sonars, as well as to generate bathymetry contour charts and backscatter mosaics. The system includes data preprocessing, such as navigation filtering, depth filtering (removal of outlying values), and amplitude mapping using the multibeam bathymetry to correctly position image pixels across the swath. The data attributes that can be analysed include the orientation and slope of the seafloor, and the mean signal strength for each sounding. To determine bathymetry attributes such as slope, the soundings across a number of beams and across a series of pings are grouped and a least-squares plane fitted to them. Bathymetric curvature is obtained by detrending the grouped data using the least-squares plane and fitting a paraboloid to the residuals. The magnitudes and signs of the paraboloid's coefficients reveal depressions and hills and their orientations. Furthermore, the seafloor geology can be classified using a simple combination of these attributes. For example, flat-lying sediments can be classified where the backscatter, slope and curvature fall below specified values.     

多波束测深外业数据提取与显示系统设计与开发

论述了多波束测深外业数据提取与显示系统的组成及功能,系统功能测试情况以及系统开发过程中主要解决的问题,并对进一步完善该系统提出了有关建议。     

第18届国际海道测量大会对国产多波束测深系统研制的启示

国际海道测量组织大会海洋测绘仪器展是最重要的设备展会之一,世界上主要测绘设备生产商都展出了其最新的产品。通过该展览,了解国际多波束测深系统的进展和发展方向,对我国多波束测深系统的研制与生产都具有重要意义。     

杭州湾底泥得克隆污染状况及来源的初步研究

随着含溴阻燃剂的进一步限用或禁用,氯代阻燃剂得克隆(Dechlorane Plus, DP)以其良好的热稳定性和电化学性能成为推荐的替代品之一。作为添加型氯代阻燃剂,DP很容易从产品中脱落而成为环境中广泛存在的污染物,但相关的研究仍十分匮乏。本研究测定了杭州湾海域4个底泥柱状样品中DP的残留及异构体特征,并对DP在该海域底泥中的时空分布和可能来源进行了初步分析。结果表明,syn-DP和anti-DP在底泥样品中的含量分别为BDL~17.7 pg/g干质量(平均为2.9±3.2 pg/g干质量)和1.4~38.1 pg/g 干质量(平均为8.0±8.5 pg/g干质量),其污染程度相对全球范围处于较低水平。空间分布表明金山工业区可能对杭州湾DP的污染有一定贡献,DP在柱状底泥中的垂直分布未发现明显变化趋势。本研究中DP的f_syn平均值为0.25~0.28,表明研究海域底泥中的DP可能来自于远距离传输。     

多波束测深系统在航道测量中的关键问题探讨

介绍了多波束测深系统与GPS RTK技术集成的工作原理及优势,并以秦皇岛港航道疏浚前后多波束扫海测量为例,论述该作业模式中的几个关键问题,即在声速改正和参数校准的前提下,RTK三维水深测量省去传统水深测量中繁琐的水位测量,能够自动消除波浪起伏和动态吃水变化的误差影响。航道疏浚结果表明,在近海海域该方法可以取代有验潮的常规水深测量,既能指导疏浚施工,又能方便检查疏浚结果,为今后的相关工作提供参考。     

多波束与侧扫声纳海底目标探测的比较分析

侧扫声纳是目前常用的海底目标(如沉船、水雷、管线等)探测工具,在测深领域,多波束以全覆盖和高效率证明了它的优越性。由于多波束具有很高的分辨率,目前在工程上已经开始应用多波束进行海底目标物的探测。对多波束和侧扫声纳进行了比较分析,并着重探讨了影响多波束分辨率的各种因素。结果表明:多波束的最大优点在于定位精度高,但其适用范围不如侧扫声纳广泛,尤其受到水深和波束角的限制,多波束和侧扫声纳在探测海底目标时具有很好的互补性,同时应用可以提高目标解译的准确性。     

多波束测深数据处理及管理系统设计与开发

在简要介绍多波束测深技术发展概况基础上,详细论述了我部自主研发的多波束测深数据处理及管理应用系统的组成及功能,系统功能测试情况以及系统开发过程中取得的主要技术创新点,对该系统投入应用前的优化和完善工作提出了建议。     

Length scales and statistical characteristics of outer bank roughness for large elongate meander bends: The influence of bank material properties,floodplain vegetation and flow inundation

This article explores the length scales and statistical characteristics of form roughness along the outer banks of two elongate bends on a large meandering river through investigation of topographic variability of the bank face. The analysis also examines how roughness varies over the vertical height of the banks and when the banks are exposed subaerially and inundated during flood stage. Detailed data on the topography of the outer banks were obtained subaerially using terrestrial LiDAR during low flow conditions and subaqueously using multibeam echo sounding (MBES) during near‐bankfull conditions. The contributions of various length scales of topographic irregularity to roughness for subaerial conditions were evaluated for different elevation contours on the bank faces using Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT) spectral analysis. Statistical characteristics for discrete areas on the bank faces were determined by calculating the root‐mean‐square of normal distances from a triangulated irregular network (TIN) surface. Results of the HHT analysis show that the characteristics of roughness along bank faces composed primarily of non‐cohesive sediment, and eroding into cropland, vary with bank elevation and exhibit a dominant range of roughness length scales (~15–50 m). However, bank faces composed predominantly of cohesive material and carved into a forested floodplain have relatively uniform topographic roughness characteristics over the vertical extent of the bank face and do not exhibit a dominant roughness length scale or range of length scales. Additionally, comparison between local surface roughness for subaerial versus subaqueous conditions shows that roughness decreases considerably when the banks are submerged, most likely because of the removal of vegetation and eradication of small‐scale erosional features in non‐cohesive bank materials by flow along the bank face. Thus, roughness appears to be linked to the hydraulic conditions affecting the bank, at least relative to conditions that develop when banks are exposed subaerially. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.