任意方向对称差值核的SAR图像边缘提取算法

由于现有边缘检测方法多存在对图像噪声的敏感性以及检测边缘的有限方向性等问题,因此在斑点噪声的影响下难以有效检测SAR图像中具有任意方向性且强度相近的区域间边缘。本文提出了一种任意方向对称窗口的SAR图像边缘提取算法。首先,以任意像素在图像中的格点位置为对称中心构建任意方向上的对称窗口;定义各窗口内像素到中心像素距离的核函数;以像素核函数为权重分别计算两对称窗口内像素光谱测度的加权平均值,并定义两者之差的绝对值为该方向上该像素隶属边缘的强度;选取所有方向中最大边缘强度作为边缘像素的判别标准。为去除错误提取的边缘像素,设计基于滤波操作的后处理过程。对模拟图像提取结果的定性及定量分析表明提出算法可在一定程度上克服噪声影响,较为准确地提取任意方向的边缘。     

ADS100数字航摄系统的安装与调试

ADS100数字航空摄影测量系统是目前最新一代的数字航空摄影测量系统,具有航摄效率高、数据信息量丰富、系统性能稳定、内部集成高精度IMU系统等一系列优势。该系统设计精密、构造复杂,其安装和调试是确保航摄顺利进行的前提条件和基本保障。本文结合大量的航摄生产经验,总结出ADS100航摄系统安装和调试的方法和注意事项,具有较强的参考价值。     

几种雨量观测方式比对试验分析

为进一步了解不同雨量观测方式对降水测量的影响,在中国气象局大气探测试验基地进行了几种雨量观测方式的比对试验。本文利用该试验的观测资料,分析了不同雨量计及其不同安装方式对降水测量的影响,并分别给出了各雨量计的测量值。结果表明:降水测量与雨量计的安装方式极其相关,坑式安装测量的雨量值最大,其余依次为双栅、防风圈和平地安装(呈水口高出地面70cm);当前业务观测方式测得的降雨量偏小;降雪测量受风场的影响比液态降水测量更显著。     

Numerical investigation of pile installation effects in sand using material point method

The installation of displacement piles in sand leads to severe changes in the stress state, density and soil properties around the pile tip and shaft, and therefore has a significant influence on the pile bearing capacity. Most current numerical methods predicting pile capacity do not take installation effects into account, as large deformations can lead to mesh distortion and non-converging solutions. In this study, the material point method (MPM) is applied to simulate the pile installation process and subsequent static pile loading tests. MPM is an extension of the finite element method (FEM), which is capable of modelling large deformations and soil-structure interactions. This study utilizes the moving mesh algorithm where a redefined computational mesh is applied in the convective phase. This allows a fine mesh to be maintained around the pile tip during the installation process and improves the accuracy of the numerical scheme, especially for contact formulation. For the analyses a hypoplastic constitutive model for sand is used, which takes into account density and stress dependent behaviour. The model performs well in situations with significant stress level changes because it accounts for very high stresses at the pile tip. Numerical results agree with centrifuge experiments at a gravitational level of 40 g. This analysis confirms the importance of pile installation effects in numerical simulations, as well as the proposed numerical approach’s ability to simulate installation and static load tests of jacked displacement piles.     

A qualitative Natech damage scale for the impact of floods on selected industrial facilities

There is increasing evidence that natural disasters can trigger technological accidents and damage. These so-called Natech accidents can pose a significant risk to regions that are unprepared for responding to them. The European Commission’s Joint Research Centre has recognised the risk associated with Natech events and has started systematic research into Natechs and their underlying dynamics. This work investigates the risk associated with the flooding of industrial installations through an analysis of past case histories and using expert judgement. The potential impact of three levels of flood severity on selected industrial facilities storing and/or processing (eco-)toxic, flammable or explosive materials is analysed qualitatively and a scale is developed that links the flood intensity to the level of potential damage. Our analysis indicates that natural disasters have the potential for triggering hazmat releases and other types of technological accidents. Hence, natural disasters should be considered as separate accident-triggering events in the planning, design and operating stages of industrial facilities that process or store hazardous substances. Our work revealed a lack of detailed information on the occurrence of Natech events which indicates not necessarily a scarcity of Natechs but rather a lack of standardised reporting and record keeping.     

岩石非开挖钻进技术的研究

非开挖铺设地下管线施工技术是一项广泛应用于市政建设、铁路交通、电力通讯、水利和石油天然气输送等领域的高新技术。而岩石非开挖施工则是近年来许多有实力的单位所涉足的一种施工难度大、施工技术含量高的施工领域。论述了非开挖基岩钻进的技术要点及在不同地层、不同管径施工条件下对非开挖回扩钻头的设计及选用。结合国内几个典型的施工实例,详细阐述了非开挖基岩钻进的施工工艺。展望了该技术的发展前景。     

Simplified numerical modelling of pile penetration – the press‐replace technique

This paper presents a simplified finite element analysis technique, the ‘Press‐Replace’ technique, to model pile penetration problems in geotechnical engineering, particularly, pile jacking. The method is employed in standard finite element analysis software. The method involves a straining and a consequent geometry update phase. First, a cone penetration test in (undrained) clay is modelled and compared with the results of analytical, semi‐analytical and more advanced finite element techniques. The model sensitivity for the step size and mesh is investigated using a hypoplastic constitutive model. An optimum way of modelling based on the numerical performance is shown. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of pile installation on adjacent structures

Pile installation leads to significant changes in the main state variables of the surrounding soil. In addition, the installation process may have an influence on adjacent or intersecting structures such as pile grillages. In this paper, three‐dimensional numerical analyses are presented to investigate the effects of pile driving with open or closed cross‐sections on the surrounding soil and on adjacent structures. Two different installation methods are used: quasi‐static pile jacking and vibratory pile driving. The numerical models are evaluated and verified using data from field tests performed in situ during the construction of the quay wall at the container terminal CT4 in Bremerhaven. Two case studies are presented to characterize the main influence factors for additional loading on adjacent structures due to pile installation. Finally, a parametric study is conducted showing the influence of the installation method, pile cross‐section and distance of a pile from an existing structure on the additional loading for this structure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Early Cenozoic Mega Thrusting in the Qiangtang Block of the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Recent mapping and seismic survey reveal that intensive compression during the Early Cenozoic in the Qiangtang block of the central Tibetan Plateau formed an extensive complex of thrust sheets that moved relatively southward along several generally north-dipping great thrust systems. Those at the borders of the ~450 km wide block show it overrides the Lhasa block to the south and is overridden by the Hohxil-Bayanhar block to the north. The systems are mostly thin-skinned imbricate thrusts with associated folding. The thrust sheets are chiefly floored by Jurassic limestone that apparently slid over Triassic sandstone and shale, which is locally included, and ramped upward and over Paleocene-Eocene red-beds. Some central thrusts scooped deeper and carried up Paleozoic metamorphic rock, Permian carbonate and granite to form a central uplift that divides the Qiangtang block into two parts. These systems and their associated structures are unconformably overlain by little deformed Late Eocene-Oligocene volcanic rock or capped by Miocene lake beds. A thrust system in the northern part of the block, as well as one in the northern part of the adjacent Lhasa block, dip to the south and appear to be due to secondary adjustments within the thrust sheets. The relative southward displacement across this Early Cenozoic mega thrust system is in excess of 150 km in the Qiangtang block, and the average southward slip-rate of the southern Qiangtang thrusts ranged from 5.6 mm to 7.4 mm/a during the Late Eocene-Oligocene. This Early Cenozoic thrusting ended before the Early Miocene and was followed by Late Cenozoic crustal extension and strike-slip faulting within the Qiangtang block. The revelation and understanding of these thrust systems are very important for the evaluation of the petroleum resources of the region.     

淄博市国土资源局淄川分局窗口办文服务的经验

淄博市国土资源局淄川分局自2003年设立办文服务窗口7年来,从制度建设、人员管理、服务方式、廉政和作风效能建设等方面努力推进窗口工作,进一步提高政务公开和依法行政水平,在推进窗口办文制度方面起到了积极作用。