Spatial and temporal distribution of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence and its contribution to light attenuation in UK waterbodies

Vertical attenuation of light through the water column (K_d) is attributable to the optically active components of phytoplankton, suspended particulate material (SPM) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Of these, CDOM is not routinely monitored and was the main focus of this study. Concentrations and spatio-temporal patterns of CDOM fluorescence were investigated between August 2004 and March 2006, to quantify the correlation coefficient between CDOM and salinity and to better characterise the contribution of CDOM to K_d. Sampling was conducted at a broad range of UK and Republic of Ireland locations; these included more than 15 estuaries, 30 coastal and 70 offshore sites in the southern North Sea, Irish Sea, Liverpool Bay, Western Approaches and the English Channel.An instrument package was used; a logger with multi-sensor array was deployed vertically through the water column and concurrent water samples were taken to determine salinity, CDOM fluorescence and SPM. Surface CDOM fluorescence values ranged between 0.05 and 16.80 S.Fl.U. (standardised fluorescence units). A strong, negative correlation coefficient of CDOM to salinity (r² = 0.81) was found. CDOM absorption (aCDOM_λ) was derived from fluorescence measurements and was in the range 0.02–2.2 m⁻¹ with mean 0.15 m⁻¹. These results were comparable with direct measurements of aCDOM_λ in the same geographic regions, as published by other workers.Spatial differences in CDOM fluorescence were generally explicable by variation in salinity, in local conditions or catchment areas; e.g. CDOM at the freshwater end was 3.54–11.30 S.Fl.U., reflecting the variety of rivers sampled and their different catchments. Temporal changes in CDOM fluorescence were related to salinity. A significant and positive correlation was found between CDOM and K_d, and although CDOM was found to be less influential than SPM on K_d, it was still of significance particularly in coastal and offshore waters of lower turbidity.     

Processes influencing iron distribution in the coastal waters of the Tsugaru Strait,Japan

We report measurements of iron, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, humic-type fluorescence intensity and chlorophyll a concentrations in the coastal waters at the inflow (western) and outflow (eastern) ends of Tsugaru Strait (Japan) in June 2003 and 2004. Two different water masses (intensive eastward flow “subtropical Tsugaru Warm Current Water (TWCw)” and weak westward flow “subarctic Oyashio Water (OW)”) were observed at the eastern end of the strait. TWCw at the southern part of the eastern strait was vertically homogeneous with a uniform concentrations of iron (0.7–1.1 nM for labile dissolved Fe and 14–20 nM for total dissolvable Fe in 2003) as well as other chemical, biological and physical components throughout the water column of 200 m due to strong vertical mixing in the strait. The degree of mixing in the Tsugaru Warm Current (TWC) is predominantly affected by diurnal tidal current, which is strong during the period of tropical tides and weak during the period of equinoctial ones. The especially strong vertical water mixing in 2003 is caused by large dissipation energy input due to the bottom friction of passage-flow through the strait and tidal current. At the northern part of the eastern strait, the fresh surface layer overlying the OW and the deep-bottom waters in 2003 contained large concentrations of dissolved iron, resulting from iron supplied from river runoff and shelf sediments, respectively. These results suggest that the most important mechanism for transporting iron in the strait is the strong vertical water mixing due to the tidal current, and that the iron sources in the coastal waters are the organic-associated, iron-rich freshwater input into the surface water.     

Two species of the genusoncaea (copepoda, poecilostomatoida, oncaeidae) from the east sea, Korea

Abstract   Oncaea venusta Philippi, 1843 has been known as having some different size groups, but recent genetic study for cyt b and ITS 1 (Elverset al. 2006) suggests that these size groups can be considered as different species. Of these size groups, the largestO. venusta Philippi and the smallestO. venella Farran, 1929 were first described in Korean waters. The latter is easily distinguishable from the former in the following characteristics in addition to its small size: (1) length to width ratio of genital double somite of two genders smaller, and (2) female second pediger bearing inconspicuous dorso-posterior swelling.Oncaea venusta andO. venella co-occur in Korean waters during spring to fall, but their occurrence patterns seasonally differ: the former shows higher density in fall while the latter does in summer.     

南海西沙永乐龙洞浮游动物的群落组成及昼夜垂直分布特征

南海西沙群岛的永乐龙洞(16°31′30″N,111°46′05″E)目前是世界上最深的海洋蓝洞,深达300.89m,具有特殊的水文、地质、化学等生态环境特征,存在大厚度无氧层等特殊现象。为了解这一特殊生境浮游动物的组成和分布特征,于2017年3月在永乐龙洞及其邻近水域开展了多学科综合调查。浮游动物采样使用浅水II型浮游生物网在洞内垂直分层拖网(昼夜各1次),并在潟湖(昼夜各1次)和毗邻外礁坡进行底表垂直拖网,分析浮游动物种类组成、丰度、优势种、生物多样性和垂直分布特征。结果显示,龙洞内共记录浮游动物41种(含未定种)和14类浮游幼虫;澙湖内有15种(含未定种)浮游动物和7类浮游幼虫;外礁坡有124种(含未定种)浮游动物和20类浮游幼虫。龙洞与澙湖浮游动物种类组成相似,但香农-威纳指数、均匀度和丰富度差别较大;外礁坡物种组成与龙洞内差异明显。细长腹剑水蚤(Oithona attenuata)在昼夜都是龙洞内占据绝对优势的物种,坚长腹剑水蚤(O.rigida)和长刺小厚壳水蚤(Scolecithricella longispinosa)也有较高丰度。洞内浮游动物表现出明显的昼夜垂直移动现象,日间丰度最大层在60—90m,夜间上移至20—40m。龙洞内更高的空间异质性,可能是其浮游动物生物多样性和丰度相较潟湖更高的原因。浮游动物的昼夜垂直移动主要表现在90m以浅的水层中,80—90m的强烈跃层可能是浮游动物上下跨越的障碍。90—150m的无氧水环境中尚有丰度较高的桡足类生存。     

黄河三角洲海岸冲淤及泥沙输运模型数值模拟分析

黄河三角洲是陆海交界地带,陆地海洋相互作用显著,泥沙所引起的岸滩演变、港口航道的淤积、水动力环境的改变等问题比较复杂。该文采用三维HEM-3D数值模型对黄河三角洲海域流场变化、盐度、悬浮泥沙浓度及海岸冲淤分布进行了潮流周期内的数值模拟分析。结果表明,黄河三角洲海域的悬浮泥沙浓度分布与潮流场变化和河口泥沙输入有密切的关系,在三角洲北部受五号桩外强潮流区的影响,近岸海底的泥沙发生明显的再悬浮,并在涨潮流向南输送,含沙量达1.5 g/L左右。在三角洲南部(现行河口区域和莱州湾区域),受现行河口入海泥沙扩散的影响显著。海域年冲淤分布,在北部废弃三角洲区域,由于海洋动力作用强烈,浅水冲刷,海底侵蚀显著,形成了明显呈沿岸展布的侵蚀中心,在侵蚀中心以外,侵蚀快速减弱。在现行河口区域,以淤积为主,在羽状流扩散的控制下,泥沙入海后向南输运,至莱州湾区域逐渐减弱。数值模拟的结果与卫星遥感解译的岸线变化基本一致,效果良好。     

闽东近海游泳动物群落组成、资源量与生物多样性的时空格局研究

采用底拖网方法调查研究了闽东近海春季(5月)和秋季(10月)游泳动物群落组成、生物多样性、资源密度及时空分布格局等问题。调查中出现游泳动物70种(鱼类47种,甲壳类18种,头足类5种),隶属于15目40科64属,以鲈形目种类最多(25种)。鱼类是主要游泳动物群落,春季鱼类个体数和重量分别占总渔获的66.4%和72.3%,甲壳类分别占比33.4%和26.9%,头足类分别占比0.2%和0.8%;秋季,上述三个类群在总渔获中的占比分别为56.6%和60.4%、42.0%和37.8%以及1.4%和1.8%。春季优势种包括红狼牙虎鱼(Odontamblyopus rubicundus)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、孔虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)等10种,秋季优势种为龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、三疣梭子蟹、六指马鲅(Polynemus sextarius)等7种;两个季节共有优势种包括三疣梭子蟹、日本 (Charybdis japonica)、龙头鱼、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)和六丝钝尾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)5种。秋季的生物多样性指数和均匀度指数高于春季。春季平均资源密度为1013.7kg/km~2和10.2×10~4ind/km~2,高于秋季的平均值(899.0kg/km~2和6.6×10~4ind/km~2)。总体而言,鱼类是闽东近海主要的游泳动物类群,其资源密度从近岸向外海呈降低趋势,春季的资源密度高值出现在闽东外海中部水域,秋季高值则出现在南部的闽江口等水域;其春季的优势种种类多于秋季,存在一定程度季节性更替现象。     

海底管道在位状态调查实践

根据调查设备搭载器的不同,将海底管道在位状态调查方法归为船载、自治水下机器人搭载(AUV 搭载)和无人遥控潜水器搭载(ROV搭载)三类;在浅水段采用船载调查,在深水段采用AUV搭载调查,在此基础上进行重点关注区域筛选,开展ROV调查,最后进行整体评价和分析对比,这种^“(船载/AUV)+ROV^”组合模式很好地实现了多种调查方法的优势互补。实际上,采用AUV搭载进行海底管道在位状态调查在国内业界尚属首次。调查所取得的管道位置、埋深、周边障碍物的分布以及管道人工处理情况等成果,为后期开展管道维护工作提供了重要的基础数据。此次成功实践可为以后从浅水到深水的管道在位状态调查提供经验和借鉴。     

Disturbance caused by freshwater releases of different magnitude on the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of two coastal lagoons

The response of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities to freshwater releases of different magnitude and persistence was investigated in two Mediterranean coastal lagoons (Ca l’Arana and Ricarda). The study was carried out during 14 months (June 2004–July 2005) in which different environmental variables and the macroinvertebrate communities associated with two different habitats, the Phragmites australis belt and the deep area of the lagoons, were sampled monthly. Additionally, potential colonizing sources were identified through the analysis of Chironomidae pupal exuviae. The initial response of the communities to the freshwater releases was similar, being characterized by a peak of opportunistic taxa (mainly Naididae), but the late response was different for each lagoon. In the Ca l’Arana, the magnitude of the freshwater release was higher (salinity dropped below five, which is the limit commonly established for most freshwater species) and its persistence was also higher, allowing the colonization of the lagoon by new insect taxa, which replaced the brackish water species. In the Ricarda, the salinity never dropped beyond five and pre-disturbance conditions were rapidly re-established. This, together with the acclimatizing mechanisms showed by the species Chironomus riparius and Hediste diversicolor, permitted the recovery of the pre-disturbance macroinvertebrate community.     

青岛近海大型底栖动物生物多样性现状

根据2007年1月、4月和10月对青岛近海15个站位3个航次的调查资料,初步分析了青岛近海大型底栖动物的物种多样性现状,以种类组成、生物量和栖息密度为基础,应用香农-威纳指数、物种丰富度指数以及物种均匀度指数对青岛近海大型底栖生物的群落结构、种类组成、优势种以及数量动态趋势进行了分析。结果表明:本次调查共采到底栖动物226种,其中多毛类119种,甲壳动物58种,软体动物23种,棘皮动物12种。各站种类数在2~52种之间,种类最少的出现在海域东北部的S2站,最多的出现在西南部的S15站。各站物种多样性指数差别较大,最大的为10月的S12站,最小的为1月S2站。物种丰富度的季节变化较显著,物种多样性和物种均匀度季节变化不显著。     

A NEW POMFRET SPECIES, PAMPUS MINOR SP. NOV.(STROMATEIDAE) FROM CHINESE WATERS

Pmpusndnorliuetlisp.nov.(Fig.1)StroInateOdeampas,Cheng,l962,Fish.SouthChinaSea,761-762,fig.6l6(ZhaPO,GuanghallLangzhou,Shanwi,Nanao,GUangdongProvince).Inagnosis:Standrilengthofadultshort,notmorethanl5omm.Thehalbenl-shaPedspinesofdOhalandanalfinsareconspicuousinbOthjuvenileandadultfishandnoteInbeddedinskin.Eyeslmp,eyediameter2.8-3.5inheadlength.PamPhenoidofskullroundcurve-shaped,orbitalfossalarge,sedri-circularshaPed-Otoliththickandsolid,itsanteriornotchshallow-NuInberofprecaudaland…