Hydrogeochemical and hydrogeological investigations of thermal waters in the Usak Area (Turkey)

Thermal waters of the Usak area have temperatures ranging from 33 to 63°C and different chemical compositions. These waters hosted by the Menderes Metamorphic rocks emerge along fault lineaments from two geothermal reservoirs in the area. The first reservoir consists of gneiss, schists, and marbles of the Menderes Metamorphic rocks. The recorded reservoir is Pliocene lacustrine limestone. Hydrogeochemical studies indicate that thermal waters were mixed with surface waters before and/or after heating at depth. The results of mineral equilibrium modeling indicate that all the thermal waters are undersaturated at discharge temperatures for gypsum, anhydrite, and magnesite minerals. Calcite, dolomite, aragonite, quartz, and chalcedony minerals are oversaturated in all of the thermal waters. Water from the reservoir temperatures of the Usak area can reach upto120°C. According to δ¹⁸O and δ²H values, all thermal and cold groundwater are of meteoric origin.     

南沙海域南部第三纪三角洲演化与油气聚集

利用钻井、测井及地震资料,重建了南沙海域南部第三纪三角洲沉积的时空演化,并讨论了主控因素。研究表明,自晚渐新世—上新世,研究区三角洲在平行岸线方向(NE—SW)自西向东从西巴兰断层西侧向东侧迁移;在垂直岸线方向(NW—SE)则整体表现出从陆向海进积推进。这一演化过程主要受控于古南海自西向东"剪刀式"俯冲引起的造山带的迁移和海平面的升降。并且发现研究区烃源岩、储层和圈闭具有分期、分带特征。通过综合分析,在研究区划分出3个与三角洲有关的油气聚集区,即曾母盆地巴林坚三角洲油气聚集区、文莱—沙巴盆地巴兰三角洲油气聚集区、梅丽干—冠军三角洲油气聚集区。     

南沙海域虫戎群落特征与季风、管水母关系分析

根据2013年3-4月、6-7月、9月和11-12月4个航次的调查资料;分析南沙海域浮游虫戎亚目的种类组成、优势种、栖息密度和群落结构特征;并探讨季风转换对其影响及其与管水母的关系。研究海域内共鉴定浮游虫戎亚目12科26属63种。生态类群结构属于热带大洋性。优势种较少;共出现7种;其中;孟加拉蛮虫戎（Lestrigonus bengalensis）为唯一的年度优势种;优势地位显著。物种组成存在季节性变化;分为春季、夏季与秋-冬季3个群落。虫戎年均栖息密度为18.30×10-2 ind/m3;高数量区主要分布于近岸水域;数量季节变化不明显;但平面分布季节差异明显。虫戎年均丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数和多样性阈值各是1.23、1.28、0.33、0.48。虫戎物种组成随季风转换左右近岸低盐水影响程度而变化;群落结构、生物多样性和栖息密度平面分布随季风转换所驱动的表层环流结构改变而变化。虫戎群落分布与管水母间的相关性证实研究海域两类群物种间的寄宿关系。这种关系促使孟加拉蛮虫戎在沿岸低盐水影响下更易形成高优势度;而表现出类似近岸海域优势种优势地位显著的特点。     

山东半岛南部近岸全新世泥质区表层沉积物

泥质区沉积记录是全新世海洋环境演变的重要信息载体。中国近海沿岸发育着若干小型泥质沉积体,比较明确的有南海西部近海的泥质区,但尚未进行研究。通过对山东半岛南部近岸海域采集的浅地层剖面资料精细解释后发现,在该区近岸海域存在一个小型泥质沉积区,主要分布在青岛崂山头以北至乳山口附近的近岸海域,整体上平行海岸线呈条带状分布,由近岸向海逐渐变薄,等厚深度分布平行于岸线,沉积中心位于鳌山湾海域,沉积中心最厚可达22.5 m。AMS¹⁴C测年结果表明,该泥质区形成于全新世。本文利用在泥质区采集的表层沉积物的粒度、黏土矿物、碎屑矿物、地球化学元素等分析测试结果,对比研究区周边主要入海中小河流物质成分和黄河物质成分,探讨了山东半岛南部近岸海域泥质沉积区的沉积特征和物源情况。结果表明,该泥质区的形成是黄河与周边入海河流共同作用的结果。     

印尼穿越流区现代浮游有孔虫四个属种壳体的稳定碳、氧同位素及其意义

Horizontal and vertical distributions of δ~(18)O and δ~(13)C were investigated in shells of four planktonic foraminiferal species, Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Neogloboquedrina dutertrei, from a total of 62 core-top sediment samples from the Indonesian throughflow region. Results were compared to modern hydrologic conditions in order to explore potential of proxies in reconstructing fluvial discharge and upper ocean water column characteristics in this region. Our results show that, in the Makassar Strait, both of depleted δ~(18)O and δ~(13)C of these four species were linked to freshwater input. In the Bali Sea,however, depleted δ~(18)O and δ~(13)C for these species may be due to different reasons. Depleted δ~(18)O was a result of freshwater input and as well influenced by along-shore currents while depleted δ~(13)C was more likely due to the Java-Sumatra upwelling. Comparison of shell δ~(18)O records and hydrographic data of World Ocean Atlas 2005 suggests that G. ruber and G. sacculifer calcify within the mixed-layer, respectively at 0–50 m and 20–75 m water depth, and P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei within the upper thermocline, both at 75–125 m water depth. N.dutertrei calcifies at slightly deeper water depth than P. obliquiloculata does. In general, δ~(13)C values of both G.ruber and G. sacculifer are larger than those of P. obliquiloculata and N. dutertrei at all sites, possibly related to depth habitats of these species and vertical distribution of nutrients in the Indonesian throughflow region.     

2013年我国近海赤潮引发种种类和分布研究

对2013年全国海洋环境监测1626个站位生物数据进行分析, 以近2001年～2013年在我国近海海域明确发生赤潮的生物作为赤潮引发种, 开展其种类组成和数量分布研究。结果显示: (1)我国近海赤潮引发种隶属于8门60种, 其中产毒种12种, 甲藻27种, 硅藻20种。(2)2013年共监测到上述赤潮引发种50种, 各监测站位种类数在0～25种之间, 平均密度在84～1.16×10¹¹个/m³之间, 赤潮引发种种类数、密度分布大致都呈现近岸至远海递减的趋势, 但在长江口及其邻近海域, 呈现先增大后减小趋势。(3)2013年各海区赤潮引发种种类数在36～42之间, 平均密度渤海>东海>南海>黄海, 多样性指数渤海>黄海>南海>东海, 都以中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)为优势种。(4)作为高频赤潮引发种,2013年中肋骨条藻(S. costatum)主要分布在我国近岸及近海海域; 夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)在我国近岸、近远海海域都有分布; 东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)主要分布在黄海和东海的近岸和近海海域; 米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)分布较为广泛, 但出现的站位较少; 红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)、红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)只在很少区域有分布。该研究结果有助于摸清我国近海海域赤潮生物种类和分布状况, 可为赤潮的预警及其防灾减灾提供基础科学依据。     

日照港西部海域海底地形与表层沉积特征

利用单波束测深仪和蚌式取样器进行了日照石臼港扩建码头西侧约50km~2海域1:2 000~1:10 000的水深地形测绘和底质分析工作。调查结果表明,日照港西部海域可分4个水深区,其地形和沉积特征如下:1)航道区,浅水航道区等深线平行于码头岸线,水深11m,经过疏浚已形成向南倾斜的四级阶梯地形,疏浚中心处水深24m。航道区底质以分选中等的砾砂为主;2)港池区,水深6 m,等深线与港池岸线平行,水深向南渐增,海底地形平坦,坡降比3‰。底质以分选较好的粉砂和砂质粉砂为主,近岸有少量分选较差的泥质砂质砾;3)涛雒-付疃河口区,水下三角洲地形明显,5m以浅等深线呈弧形向东南方向凸出,坡降比最大可达14.2‰,底质类型为分选极好的砂和粉砂质砂;4)浅海区,海底地形平坦,平均坡降比1.9‰,6~10m等深线呈NE-SW向平行向外海增大,近南扩码头端向东偏转,底质类型为分选好的砂质粉砂和粉砂,并呈平行于海岸线向深水区呈粗-细-粗的带状分布。底质类型分布与水深条件基本吻合,但深水区出现的底质粗化现象,分析认为可能与南扩码头的挑流作用有关,海底沉积物呈向南运移趋势。     

The macrobenthic fauna of a former perennial and now episodically filled mexican saline lake

Totolcingo (El Carmen), a large and now episodically filled playa lake in the east-ernmost portion of the Mexican Plateau, filled with water in 1993. Water persisted for just one month (May). Alkaline (pH 10), saline (K₂₅ up to 30,000S/cm) waters, dominated by NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃, characterized the lake. The fauna was depauperate. The components of the fauna wereEphydra (Hydropyrus)hians Say (ephydrid),Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède (tubificid), andBerosus sp. (Coleoptera). The species in the lake were widely dispersed and typical inhabitants of saline lakes. Possible reasons for the depauperate fauna include (a) overall physical and chemical conditions, (b) unpredictable hydrology, and (c) the short (one month) inundation period prevented colonization.     

The role of saline formation water in crustal cycling

Most sedimentary basins contain saline pore water. Saline formation waters can form during burial diagenesis as the result of normal processes of water/rock interaction involving incongruent halite dissolution, bittern salt destruction, and albitization of detrital plagioclase. The kinds of Na-Ca-Cl saline formation waters typical of sedimentary basins can also result from modification of surficial brines formed by the precipitation of NaCl from evaporated seawater. As the porosity of rocks is reduced during burial, discharge of saline formation waters contributes to crustal chloride cycling, and helps explain riverine chloride loads. During burial, the dissolution of metastable detrital minerals derived from crustal rocks in corrosive, saline water transfers incompatible elements such as Li and B from the igneous crust to the sedimentary crust. Similarly, albitization transfers Ca from the crustal silicate (igneous) mineral reservoir to the crustal carbonate and aqueous (sedimentary) reservoirs. Metamorphism and then melting of albite-enriched rocks accounts for the elevated sodium contents of igneous rocks relative to sedimentary rocks. In this way average sediments have become enriched through time in Ca, Cl, Br, S, Li, and B, and depleted in Na relative to average igneous crust.