High congruence of isotope sewage signals in multiple marine taxa

Assessments of sewage pollution routinely employ stable nitrogen isotope analysis (δ¹⁵N) in biota, but multiple taxa are rarely used. This single species focus leads to underreporting of whether derived spatial N patterns are consistent. Here we test the question of ‘reproducibility’, incorporating ‘taxonomic replication’ in the measurement of δ¹⁵N gradients in algae, seagrasses, crabs and fish with distance from a sewage outfall on the Adelaide coast (southern Australia). Isotopic sewage signals were equally strong in all taxa and declined at the same rate. This congruence amongst taxa has not been reported previously. It implies that sewage-N propagates to fish via a tight spatial coupling between production and consumption processes, resulting from limited animal movement that closely preserves the spatial pollution imprint. In situations such as this where consumers mirror pollution signals of primary producers, analyses of higher trophic levels will capture a broader ambit of ecological effects.     

中国海域南褐虾属种类记述(甲壳动物亚门, 十足目, 褐虾科)

为了搞清中国海域存在的南褐虾(Philocheras)的生物多样性和地理分布,作者通过形态学特征系统研究了中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆馆藏的南褐虾标本,此标本主要采自中国海域,也检查了部分采自菲律宾海域的标本。本研究和相关文献的结果表明:中国海域存在的南褐虾共计7种,包括作者描绘的4种以及在其他文献中提到的3种。作者对本次研究的4种南褐虾提供了详细的鉴别特征、地理分布、外部整体图和附肢结构图,并对中国海域存在的7种南褐虾提供了检索表。     

A lattice Boltzmann-finite element model for two-dimensional fluid–structure interaction problems involving shallow waters

In this paper, a numerical method for the modeling of shallow waters interacting with slender elastic structures is presented. The fluid domain is modeled through the lattice Boltzmann method, while the solid domain is idealized by corotational beam finite elements undergoing large displacements. Structure dynamics is predicted by using the time discontinuous Galerkin method and the fluid–structure interface conditions are handled by the Immersed Boundary method. An explicit coupling strategy to combine the adopted numerical methods is proposed and its effectiveness is tested by computing the error in terms of the energy that is artificially introduced at the fluid–solid interface.     

Application of brine differentiation and Langelier–Ludwig plots to fresh-to-brine waters from sedimentary basins: Diagnostic potentials and limits

Classical chemical classification plots that use major anions and cations can discern between different water facies but they do not offer sufficient discriminatory power for salt waters from sedimentary basins, whose origin is therefore frequently misunderstood.     

A Regional Ocean Reanalysis System for Coastal Waters of China and Adjacent Seas

A regional ocean reanalysis system for the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas has been developed by the National Marine Data and Information Service(NMDIS).It produces a dataset package called CORA (China ocean reanalysis).The regional ocean model used is based on the Princeton Ocean Model with a generalized coordinate system(POMgcs).The model is parallelized by NMDIS with the addition of the wave breaking and tidal mixing processes into model parameterizations.Data assimilation is a sequential three-dimensional variational(3D-Var) scheme implemented within a multigrid framework.Observations include satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature(SST),altimetry sea level anomaly(SLA),and temperature/salinity profiles.The reanalysis fields of sea surface height,temperature,salinity,and currents begin with January 1986 and are currently updated every year. Error statistics and error distributions of temperature,salinity and currents are presented as a primary evaluation of the reanalysis fields using sea level data from tidal gauges,temperature profiles,as well as the trajectories of Argo floats.Some case studies offer the opportunity to verify the evolution of certain local circulations.These evaluations show that the reanalysis data produced provide a good representation of the ocean processes and phenomena in the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas.     

Integration of fishery-dependent data sources in support of octopus spatial management

Octopus vulgaris is the most important target species in Portuguese fisheries in terms of economic value, when all official and non-declared landings are considered. Around 10% of the landings in national waters come from the trawl fleet, which is both the least selective and the best documented métier in the fishery, allowing the simultaneous assessment of distribution and population structure. This study represents a first attempt to integrate different sources of information obtained at commercial trip-level, with the objective of providing a perspective of octopus population structure and relative distribution, together with information on the exploitation pattern in 2003. High-quality resolution of sequential geo-referenced data were obtained from the Portuguese Vessel Monitoring System for the fishing trips targeting octopus. Intensive fishing activity was observed inshore of two regions, one to the north of Peniche (from Cape Carvoeiro to Portuguese border) and the other between Cape St. Vicente (Sagres) and Cape St. Maria (Faro) in the South coast. Fishing trips undertaken between 39.5 and 42°N were used to provide information on volume and size distribution of landings. These show that smaller individuals (=<12 cm ML) are mainly concentrated between 40.5 and 41.5°N, whereas larger individuals (>12 cm ML) concentrate south of 41.5 and north of 40.5°N.     

Impact of climatic change on sea surface temperature variation in Subei coastal waters,East China

Sea surface temperature （SST） variation in the Subei coastal waters, East China, which is important for the ecological environment of the Yellow Sea where Enteromorphaprolifera blooms frequently, is affected by the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）, El Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）. In this study, correlations between climatic events and SST anomalies （SSTA） around the Subei （North Jiangsu Province, East China） Coast from 1981-2012 are analyzed, using empirical orthogonal function （EOF） and correlation analyses. First, a key region was determined by EOF analysis to represent the Subei coastal waters. Then, coherency analyses were performed on this key region. According to the correlation analysis, the EAWM index has a positive correlation with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region. Furthermore, the Nifio3.4 index is negatively correlated with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region 1 year ahead, and the PDO has significant negative coherency with spring SSTA and negative coherency with summer SSTA in the key region 1 year ahead. Overall, PDO exhibits the most significant impact on SSTA of the key region. In the key region, all these factors are correlated more significantly with SSTA in spring than in summer. This suggests that outbreaks ofEnteromorpha prolifera in the Yellow Sea are affected by global climatic changes, especially the PDO.     

Barnacles as biomonitors of metal contamination in coastal waters

The use of barnacles as biomonitors of metal contamination in coastal waters worldwide is reviewed as a critique compilation of the reported studies and presents resume-tables of available data for future reference. The barnacle body reflects both short and long-term metal level environmental variations and the metal bioaccumulation occurs mainly in their granules (relatively inactive pools). The barnacle body is considered as good biomonitoring material and different barnacle species could bioaccumulate metal concentration ranges of 40–153,000 μg/g of Zn, 20–22,230 μg/g de Fe, 1.5–21,800 μg/g of Cu, 5.9–4742 μg/g of Mn, 0.1–1000 μg/g of Pb, 0.7–330 μg/g of Cd, 0.4–99 μg/g of Ni and 0.2–49 μg/g of Cr. However, as the plates (‘shells’) of barnacle exoskeletons can be affected by metal levels in coastal waters, mainly in their composition and morphology, they are not considered good biomonitoring material. Despite this, the use of a specific barnacle species or group of species in a specific region must firstly be carefully validated and the interpretation of the contaminant bioaccumulation levels should involve specific environmental variations of the region, physiological parameters of the barnacle species and the relationship between the potential toxicity of the contaminant for the environment and their significance for the barnacle species. Barnacles, particularly a widespread cosmopolitan species such as Amphibalanus amphitrite, have a great potential as biomonitors of anthropogenic contamination in coastal waters and have been used worldwide, including Europe (United Kingdom, Turkey, Poland, Croatia, Spain and Portugal), Asia (India and China), Oceania (Australia), North America (Florida, Massachusetts and Mexico) and South America (Brazil). The use of barnacle species as biomonitors of metal contamination in coastal waters is considered an important and valuable tool to evaluate and predict the ecological quality of an ecosystem.     

厦门沿岸海域杂色鲍中产琼胶酶菌株的筛选及其酶学性质的研究

琼胶酶在食品工业中的多糖降解中有着重要的作用,其经济价值日益凸显,从海洋生物中筛选琼胶酶菌株是获得琼胶酶的一种重要途径.从厦门沿岸海域养殖杂色鲍鱼体内分离得到5株产高效琼胶酶的菌株,其中最高的酶活力达到133.5 U/dm3.经16S rRNA序列分析表明这5株菌株分别属于弧菌属（Vibrio）和假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoa lteromonas）.采用DNS法对这些菌株所产的琼胶酶进行酶学性质研究,结果显示这些酶的最适作用温度均为50℃,最适作用pH值为7.0;Na＋可使A017菌株所产的琼胶酶酶活力提高5倍,Fe2＋对A007、A008、A010、A021菌株所产的琼胶酶酶活力有明显的抑制作用.     

瓦努阿图周边海域长鳍金枪鱼渔场分布及其与表温关系

海表温(SST)是影响渔场的重要环境因子.根据2008年我国冰鲜金枪鱼延绳钓船在瓦努阿图周边海域的生产统计数据,结合卫星遥感获得的SST资料,分析了长鳍金枪鱼各月渔场时空分布及其与SST的关系.K-S检验表明,长鳍金枪鱼渔场形成与SST关系密切.