珠江口以东近海水域污损生物的组成与分布

于１９８６年５月至１９８７年６月期间,在珠江口以东近海水域,距岸分别为１５．７和７１．７ｋｍ、水深２７和７１ｋｍ两处布设Ｚ１和Ｚ２两个浮标调查站,以研究该海区污损生物的组成及分布状况。结果表明,在相对近岸的Ｚ１站,各水层的污损生物均以无柄蔓足类、海葵和双壳类及多毛类等华南沿岸海区常见种类为主,其中网纹藤壶占绝对优势;而远岸的Ｚ２站,则主要是有柄蔓足类和水螅,且生物的种类和数量也远远低于Ｚ１站。     

A study of heavy metal pollution in the Tinto-Odiel estuary in southwestern Spain using factor analysis

The estuary of Odiel and Tinto rivers, located on the southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, receives acidic fluvial water discharges with high concentrations of sulphates and heavy metals from these rivers. In addition, a big industrial complex which efflues directly on the system is located in the same estuary. The effluents induce the presence in the estuary of high concentrations of heavy metals and phospates (nutrients). The application of factorial analysis techniques on the nutrients and heavy metal concentrations in 46 water samples taken from 32 different sampling stations located along the estuary, allows three groups of elements and compounds with a distinct origin to be determinated. So, Cu and Zn have a clear fluvial provenance, whereas PO₄ and As are clearly industrial wastes and Cl, K, Ca, Li, Rb and Sr come from the sea. From the factorial analyses we can deduce the existence of two agents controlling the behavior of the analyzed elements, which are: the tidal exchange with the open sea and the fluvial supply. Received: 20 November 1998 · Accepted: 11 August 1999     

浙北近海潮汐通道地区水下滑坡分布及成因机制研究

依据海域的自然环境特征,浙江东部近海可划分为以下４个海区：Ⅰ现代长江水下三角洲前缘斜坡区,Ⅱ河口港湾区,Ⅲ岛群区,Ⅳ水下岸坡区。其中岛群区依据潮汐通道的发育程度又划分为３个亚区：Ⅲ１舟山群岛北区、Ⅲ２舟山群岛南区、Ⅲ３南部岛群区。研究结果表明土体失稳主要分布于Ⅱ、Ⅲ２区的潮汐通道中,且对通道深槽边坡、通道凹岸、通道交汇处以及通道中的残留高地边缘等部位最为常见。通过对水下滑坡的分布规律及潮汐通道的冲     

厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物的时空分布及其调控机制

分别于１９９７年１０月与１９９８年４月,研究了厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物类群组成,时空分布及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：厦门西侧涨域微微型浮游植物在类群组成和丰度分布上存在的着在的时空变动;在类群组成上,富含藻蓝素的蓝细菌（ＰＣ细胞）在大多则站占优势（秋、春平均分别为７８％、４１％）,而真核微微型浮游植物（ＥＵ细胞）在九龙江口占优势（秋季高达８０％～１００％）;在丰度分布上,ＰＣ和富含藻红素的蓝细菌（ＰＥ细胞）呈秋季大于春季,而ＥＵ细胞秋春季则相近。与环境因子的回归分析表明,盐度是影响厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物类群组成和丰度的关键因子,但其与细胞丰度的相关关系因季节不同而异;结果还表明,厦门西海域微微型浮游植物类群组成的多样性与该海域的异质性有关。     

秦山Ⅲ期核电站工程邻近水域叶绿素a的电布特征

根据 1 995年 1 0月至 1 996年 7月秦山 期核电站邻近水域生态调查资料 ,对叶绿素 a的分布特征进行研究。结果表明 ,该调查水域叶绿素 a含量低 ,表层叶绿素 a平均含量为 0 .2 93mg/m3,底层叶绿素 a平均含量为 0 .2 2 2 mg/m3。叶绿素 a含量的季节变化明显 ,秋季最高 ,其它依次为夏季、春季、冬季。与该水域过去的调查资料进行比较分析 ,发现叶绿素 a的含量有明显下降。     

山东半岛南部近岸海域富营养化状况的多元评价研究

于2006年至2007年分四个季度月对山东半岛南部近岸海域(35.5°~36.7°N,119.8°~121.3°E)的营养盐和叶绿素a进行了设站调查,分析了该海域上述因子时空分布特征,同时应用主成分分析(PCA)和潜在富营养化评价方法对该海域的富营养化状况进行了分析,初步确定了影响该海域富营养化状况的主要驱动因子。结果表明:(1)在时间分布上,总氮、总磷、活性磷酸盐、溶解态氮与总无机氮和活性硅酸盐的季节变化类似,均表现出秋冬季浓度较高而春夏季较低的趋势,而总磷、溶解态磷的浓度则在冬季最高,在夏秋季较低,叶绿素a浓度的季节变化趋势为春夏季较高,而冬季最低;该海域营养盐与叶绿素a浓度空间分布以胶州湾和丁字湾为中心,总体呈现出由近岸向离岸海域逐渐递减的趋势;(2)应用主成分分析对调查结果进行分析,结果显示10项调查指标(营养盐与叶绿素a)可以转换提取4个主成分,解释82.00%的结果。主成分综合得分可以作为富营养化程度的评价指标,据此得到调查海域富营养化状况的季节变化趋势由高到低依次为秋季、冬季、春季、夏季,总体呈现出以胶州湾和丁字湾为中心,沿岸及北部海域富营养化程度较高的格局;分析结果还表明总无机氮是该海区富营养化形成的主要驱动因子;(3)利用潜在富营养化评价方法对调查海域富营养化状况进行了初步分析,结果表明该海区仅于秋季表现为总体中度营养,在其他季节总体趋势均为贫营养,胶州湾与丁字湾附近海域在春秋季表现为磷限制潜在富营养化。主成分分析法较潜在富营养化评价方法更敏感,不仅能够定量表述海区富营养化状况,而且能够有效确定富营养化驱动因子。     

Distribution and fluxes of suspended sediments in the offshore waters of the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary

The offshore waters of the Changjiang Estuary are the transitional areas where river-supplied water and sediment are transported to the sea, and material exchanges occur with the neighbored Hangzhou Bay and the Jiangsu waters. Field observations of currents and sediment properties were conducted to study temporal and spatial distributions of suspended sediments under various dynamical conditions. The high sediment concentrations were found to occur in the western and southern waters of the offshore, and the low concentrations occurred in the eastern and northern waters. This pattern of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) distribution is obviously influenced by the runoff and tidal current. The significant difference of along-estuary SSC distribution indicates that the SSC is reduced gradually from the west to the east, and that in the spring tide is obviously higher than in the neap tide. The methods of mechanism analysis and equal-area grids were used to calculate the suspended sediment fluxes at the typical cross sections. It was found that 44 percent of total suspended sediments from the Changjiang River were deposited in the submarine delta, and more than 27 percent of sediments were transported southernly into the Hangzhou Bay, and only 9 percent of sediments was supplied and exchanged with the northern Jiangsu waters, and about 20 percent of sediments was delivered offshore to the sea.     

Influence of allochthonous organic matter on bacterioplankton biomass and activity in a eutrophic,sub-tropical estuary

Heterotrophic bacterial and phytoplankton biomass, production, specific growth rates, and growth efficiencies were studied in the Northern region of the Cananéia–Iguape estuarine system, which has recently experienced an intense eutrophication due to anthropogenic causes. Two surveys were carried out during spring and neap tide periods of the dry season of 2005 and the rainy season of 2006. This region receives large freshwater inputs with organic seston and phosphate concentrations that reach as high as 1.0 mg l⁻¹ and 20.0 μM, respectively. Strong decreasing gradients of seston and dissolved inorganic nutrients were observed from the river/estuary boundary to the estuary/coastal interface. Gradients were also observed in phytoplankton and bacterial production rates. The production rates of phytoplankton were 5.6-fold higher (mean 8.5 μg C l⁻¹ h⁻¹) during the dry season. Primary production rates (PP) positively correlated with salinity and euphotic depth, indicating that phytoplankton productivity was light-limited. On the other hand, bacterial biomass (BB) and production rates (BP) were 1.9- and 3.7-fold higher, respectively, during the rainy season, with mean values of up to 40.4 μg C l⁻¹ and 7.9 μg C l⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. Despite such a high BP, bacterial abundance remained <2 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹, indicating that bacterial production and removal were coupled. Mean specific growth rates ranged between 0.9 and 5.5 d⁻¹. BP was inversely correlated with salinity and positively correlated with temperature, organic matter, exopolymer particles, and particulate-attached bacteria; this last accounted for as much as 89.6% of the total abundance. During the rainy season, BP was generally much higher than PP, and values of BP/PP > 20 were registered during high freshwater input, suggesting that under these conditions, bacterial activity was predominantly supported by allochthonous inputs of organic carbon. In addition, BB probably represented the main pathway for the synthesis of high-quality (low C:N) biomass that may have been available to the heterotrophic components of the plankton food web, particularly nanoheterotrophs.     

Copper complexing ligands and organic matter characterization in the northern Adriatic Sea

The study on dissolved organic ligands capable to complex copper ions (L_T), surface-active substances (SAS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Northern Adriatic Sea station (ST 101) under the influence of Po River was conducted in period from 2006–2008. The acidity of surface-active organic material (Ac_r) was followed as well. The results are compared to temperature and salinity distributions. On that way, the contribution of the different pools of ligands capable to complex Cu ions could be determined as well as the influence of aging and transformation of the organic matter. The L_T values in the investigated period were in the range of 40–300 nmol l⁻¹. The range of DOC values for surface and bottom samples were 0.84–1.87 mg l⁻¹ and 0.80–1.30 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Total SAS concentrations in the bottom layer were 0.045–0.098 mg l⁻¹ in equiv. of Triton-X-100 while those in the surface layer were 0.050–0.143 mg l⁻¹ in equiv. of Triton-X-100. The majority of organic ligands responsible for Cu binding in surface water originate from new phytoplankton production promoted by river borne nutrients. Older, transformed organic matter, possessing higher relative acidity, is the main contributor to the pool of organic ligands that bind copper in the bottom samples. It was estimated that 9% of DOC in surface samples and 12% of DOC in the bottom samples are present as ligands capable to complex copper ions.     

我国海域赤潮发生与海温及厄尔尼诺的相关分析

分析2000年以来我国海域赤潮发生次数和面积,以及期间与厄尔尼诺指数关系,分析认为①海域表温对我国4个海域赤潮发生有较显著影响.②2000～2007年4个海域发生的赤潮次数:东海>渤海>南海>黄海;2000～2007年4个海域赤潮发生面积:东海>渤海>黄海>南海.③1986～2007年厄尔尼诺对赤潮发生次数有一定的影响,4个海域赤潮发生次数与厄尔尼诺的相关程度不同:东海>南海>渤海>黄海,其中1999年后厄尔尼诺对中国近海赤潮发生次数具有显著影响.④1977～2007年发生的10次厄尔尼诺事件对厄尔尼诺年的次年我国海域赤潮发生的次数有比较显著的影响.