A non-disturbing sampler for near-surface waters

A small, simple and inexpensive device is described which allows the sampling of waters with a minimum of disturbance. This is particularly important when determining near-surface profiles, for example, following a dye release.     

Scyphomedusae in surface waters near the Oregon coast, May–August 1981

The scyphomedusae of the surface waters off Oregon and southern Washington were collected with commercial purse seines from May–August 1981. Twelve east-west transects, located from north of the Columbia River to south of Coos Bay were sampled from the 37 m isobath to distances up to 48 km from shore. Chrysaora fuscescens was the dominant species collected in each month. Maximum sampled abundances reached 18001 of medusae per 10⁵ m³. Using an estimated carbon content of 0·280% of wet weight, this medusa density was calculated to contain approximately 50 mg Cm⁻³. Seven of the 263 samples contained so many medusae that they exceeded the capacity of the sampling gear. In all months but May, when medusa densities were relatively low, the density of C. fuscescens was greatest closest to shore and decreased rapidly offshore. Mean umbrella diameter increased from 8·6 cm in May to 18·5 cm in August, while the largest specimens increased from 19 cm in May to 37 cm in August. Aurelia aurtia, Cyanea capillata and Phacellophora camtschatica were also collected, but were much less abundant than C. fuscescens. The relative abundance of C. fuscescens was compared with the maximum abundance of copepods off the Oregon coast, and the hydrographic features influencing medusa distribution patterns are discussed.     

福建海洋兽类及其分布

通过对在福建沿海地下发掘出土的海兽骨骼，古文献比较分析研究，提出了福建省古代７种海兽分布名录；依据采集和调查到的现生海兽标本，提出了福建省１８种海兽的种类和分布。     

Epimenia arabica spec, nov., a Solenogaster (Mollusca) Feeding on the Alcyonacean Scleronephthya corymbosa (Cnidaria) from Shallow Waters of the Red Sea

Abstract. The body organization and some biological data of Epimenia arabica , a new species of Sotenogastres of the order Cavibelonia , are presented. The species is described based on four large-sized specimens (13–21 cm × 0.7-1 cm) from three different localities off the coast of the Sinai Peninsula (Red Sea). It feeds on Scleronephthya corymbosa V erseveldt & C ohen ( Octocorallia: Alcyonacea ), generally at depths of 2–5 meters.     

Depth gradients of benthic standing stock and diversity on the continental margin at a high-latitude ice-free site (off Spitsbergen, 79°N)

High-latitude seas are mostly covered by multi-year ice, which impacts processes of primary production and sedimentation of organic matter. Because of the warming effect of West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), the waters off West Spitsbergen have only winter ice cover. That is uncommon for such a high latitude and enables to separate effects of multiyear-ice cover from the latitudinal patterns. Macrofauna was sampled off Kongsfjord (79°N) along the depth gradient from 300 to 3000 m. The density, biomass and diversity at shallow sites situated in a canyon were very variable. Biomass was negatively correlated with depth (R=-0.86, p<0.001), and ranged from 61 g ww m⁻² (212 m) to 1 g ww m⁻² (2025 m). The biomasses were much higher than in the multiyear-ice covered High Arctic at similar depths, while resembling those from temperate and tropical localities. Species richness (expressed by number of species per sample and species–area accumulation curves) decreased with depth. There was no clear depth-related pattern in diversity measures: Hurbert rarefaction, Shannon–Wiener or Pielou. The classic increase of species richness and diversity with depth was not observed. Species richness and diversity of deep-sea macrofauna were much lower in our study than in comparable studies of temperate North Atlantic localities. That is related to geographic isolation of Greenland–Icelandic–Norwegian (GIN) seas from the Atlantic pool of species.     

青岛近海寿南小沙丁鱼Sardinella zunasi Bleeker繁殖生物学的研究

通过常规生物学测定、组织切片、电镜扫描观察等手段，分析了青岛近海寿南小沙丁鱼Sardinella zunasi Bleeker的繁殖群体构成和成熟与繁殖特征，并依此对该鱼种的资源保护措施提出了建议。     

南沙群岛海域沉积物古地磁参数对米兰科维奇周期的响应

对南沙群岛海域８７－１１柱样天然剩余磁化强度（ＮＲＭ）及９０－１０３柱样ＮＲＭ、磁化率（ｘ）、剩磁倾角（Ⅰ）等的功率谱分析表明：晚更新世以来该区沉积物的古地磁参数较好地反映了古气候、古环境的变化，响应着古气候变化的米兰科维奇天文学周期；在周期成分中，以地球轨道偏心率周期（ｅ）及岁差周期（ｐ）为主，地轴倾斜度周期（ε）无明显表现，同时获得了与特殊地球位置相关联的岁差半周期成分。研究还表明，古地磁参数存在着明显的对古气候变化的非线性响应，明显不同于开阔大洋；同时，不同的沉积单元，沉积物古地磁参数对古气候变化响应的灵敏度各不相同。